Do estudo dos potenciais de média latência eliciados por logon em sujeitos do sexo feminino com audição normal

Os potenciais de média latência são potenciais auditivos que ocorrem entre 10ms a 80ms, formados por ondas polifásicas positivas e negativas denominadas de N0, P0, Na, Pa, Nb e Pb. O logon é um estímulo acústico que permite eliciar respostas de média latência ativando regiões específicas da cóclea. Sua vantagem sobre o clique é a possibilidade avaliar as áreas de baixa freqüência (abaixo de 1kHz). OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a resposta eletrofisiológica das MLR estimulados por logon nas freqüências de 500, 1000 e 2000 Hz. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Forma de estudo prospectivo e descritivo de uma amostra de 14 voluntárias do sexo feminino, normais dos pontos de vista otológico e audiológico convencional. O estímulo foi monoaural e ipsilateral à derivação de captação dos potenciais (Cz/A1-2). RESULTADOS: O complexo NaPa foi o mais facilmente identificado e esteve presente em 100% dos exames realizados a 2000 Hz e em 96,4% a 500 e 1000 Hz. CONCLUSÕES: As MLR podem se eliciadas pelo logon nas freqüências de 500, 1000 e 2000 Hz; o complexo NaPa foi o evento prevalente das MLR e o estímulo logon a 2000 Hz eliciou maior número de respostas do que as outras freqüências.

Estudo da audição de crianças de gestantes expostas ao ruído ocupacional: avaliação por emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção

OBJETIVO: Detectar precocemente uma possível perda auditiva em crianças de mulheres expostas ao ruído ocupacional durante o período de gestação e verificar se há diferença nos resultados das amplitudes de resposta das emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção - entre as crianças de mães expostas ao ruído ocupacional e as crianças de mães não-expostas ao ruído ocupacional. MÉTODOS: Crianças de mulheres expostas ao ruído ocupacional durante a gestação e crianças de mulheres não-expostas foram avaliadas através das emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção -, usando o equipamento GSI 60 DPOEA SYSTEM e empregando a razão de F2/F1 igual a 1,2 e a média geométrica de 2F1-F2. As intensidades das freqüências primárias mantiveram-se fixas, com valores de L1=65 dBNPS e L2=55 dBNPS para F1 e F2, respectivamente. Utilizou-se o teste t-Student em amostras emparelhadas e amostras independentes e o teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença nos valores das medidas das médias das amplitudes de resposta do produto de distorção entre os grupos controle e estudo. Também não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os sexos masculino e feminino nas amplitudes de respostas para os grupos controle e estudo, nem entre as orelhas direita e esquerda de cada grupo. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi observado prejuízo auditivo nas crianças de mães expostas ao ruído ocupacional durante a gestação em comparação as crianças de mães não-expostas. Não houve diferença entre as orelhas direita e esquerda e entre os sexos masculino e feminino de cada grupo.

Reconhecimento verbal de lactentes com fissura labiopalatina com e sem história de indicadores de risco para a audição

Os primeiros dois anos de vida são críticos para a aquisição e desenvolvimento de habilidades auditivas e linguagem. OBJETIVO: Verificar o desempenho de lactentes com fissura labiopalatina (FLP) com e sem indicadores de risco à audição (IRA) no teste de reconhecimento verbal (TRV). Estudo prospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Pais de 100 lactentes (9 a 18 meses) com FLP foram entrevistados para verificar a presença de IRA e à constituição dos grupos em estudo. Todos os lactentes foram submetidos ao TRV. Resultados: Doenças otológicas, não-amamentação natural, tabagismo dos pais, insuficiência das vias aéreas superiores, permanência na incubadora e antecedentes com surdez foram os IRA mais freqüentes. 85 lactentes apresentaram IRA e 40% deles TRV alterado. 15 não apresentaram IRA e 73% apresentaram desempenho no TRV esperado para a sua idade. Não foi encontrada significância (p=0,326) entre os grupos. 54 lactentes apresentaram história de otite média (OM) e 31% deles tiveram alteração no TRV. 46 não apresentaram OM e apresentaram desempenho no TRV esperado para a sua idade. Encontrada diferença significativa (p=0,000). CONCLUSÃO: Identificou-se a presença de outros IRA além FLP. O desempenho dos lactentes com e sem histórico de IRA não diferiu no TRV. A presença de doenças otológicas interferiu significativamente no TRV.

Dados clínicos e da audição em indivíduos com Síndrome de Alport

A Síndrome de Alport (SA) é uma desordem hereditária, caracterizada por nefropatia, muitas vezes, com perda auditiva sensorioneural e com defeitos oculares. OBJETIVO: Analisar os dados clínicos e da audição em indivíduos com SA, com ênfase na correlação entre alteração renal e perda auditiva (PA). FORMA DE ESTUDO: clínico prospectivo com coorte transversal. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: 37 indivíduos realizaram avaliação otorrinolaringológica e testes audiológicos. Foram considerados para a análise estatística da PA os resultados das audiometrias de tons puros. RESULTADOS: Nos 28 indivíduos que apresentavam alterações clínicas foram encontrados 46,4% de DLX e 53,6% de AD. A PA ocorreu em 46,1% dos avaliados. 12 pacientes tinham PA no exame audiométrico 11,5%, leve e 34,6%, moderada. Comparados os familiares normais aos que tinham alteração renal, todos os que apresentavam PA mostravam comprometimento renal. Em 30,8% a configuração era descendente suave em agudos e em 11,5% era plana. CONCLUSÕES: A distribuição dos padrões de herança não coincide com o descrito na literatura. A PA é um achado extra-renal freqüente. Existe associação entre acometimento renal e PA (p= 0,009). As configurações mais freqüentes foram: descendente suave em agudos e plana. Não há associação entre a PA e a idade. Não existe correlação entre PA e sexo neste grupo.

Resolução temporal de crianças: comparação entre audição normal, perda auditiva condutiva e distúrbio do processamento auditivo

A resolução temporal é essencial na percepção acústica da fala, podendo estar alterada nos distúrbios auditivos gerando prejuízos no desenvolvimento da linguagem. OBJETIVO: Comparar a resolução temporal de crianças com audição normal, perda auditiva condutiva e distúrbios do processamento auditivo. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: A amostra foi de 31 crianças de 07 a 10 anos, divididas em três grupos: G1: 12 com audição normal, G2: sete com perda auditiva condutiva e G3: 12 com distúrbio do processamento auditivo. Os procedimentos de seleção foram: questionário aos responsáveis, avaliação audiológica e do processamento auditivo. O procedimento de pesquisa foi o teste de detecção de intervalos no silêncio realizado a 50 dB NS acima da média de 500, 1000 e 2000Hz na condição binaural em 500, 1000, 2000 e 4000Hz. Na análise dos dados foi utilizado o Teste de Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 1%. RESULTADO: Observou-se que houve diferença entre os G1 e G2 e entre os G1 e G3 em todas as freqüências. Por outro lado, esta diferença não foi observada entre os G2 e G3. CONCLUSÃO A perda auditiva condutiva e o distúrbio do processamento auditivo têm influência no limiar de detecção de intervalos.

Towards Emotional Interaction: Using Movies to Automatically Learn Users' Emotional States

The HCI community is actively seeking novel methodologies to gain insight into the user’s experience during interaction with both the application and the content. We propose an emotional recognition engine capable of automatically recognizing a set of human emotional states using psychophysiological measures of the autonomous nervous system, including galvanic skin response, respiration, and heart rate. A novel pattern recognition system, based on discriminant analysis and support vector machine classifiers is trained using movies’ scenes selected to induce emotions ranging from the positive to the negative valence dimension, including happiness, anger, disgust, sadness, and fear. In this paper we introduce an emotion recognition system and evaluate its accuracy by presenting the results of an experiment conducted with three physiologic sensors.

The host-tourist interaction in a world heritage site: the case of Guimarães

Guimarães, in the northwest of Portugal, is a city of strong symbolic and cultural significance and its nomination by UNESCO as world heritage, in 2001, enlarged its tourism potential. In this paper we present a few results of a survey that envisaged capturing the Guimarães residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts and their attitudes towards tourists. Specifically, one analyzes the type of relationship that exists between some socio-demographic groups and the perceived tourism impacts, as well as their socio-characteristics and the existing level of interaction between residents and tourists. The survey was implemented between January and March 2010 to a convenience sample of 540 inhabitants of the municipality of Guimarães resulting in 400 questionnaires with complete data. For this, we made use of various statistical techniques. Using a factorial analysis, we can conclude that the three factors used explain 52.3% of the variance contained in the original variables obtained from the survey. By another side, using a logit model in the analysis and taking as the dependent variable the frequent or very frequent contact with tourists, we found that only the variables referred to perceived positive impacts of tourism, education and the place of residence in urban areas have shown to be statistically significant. We are aware of the multiple ways the issue of residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards tourism can be approached and of the difficulties to get useful policy-oriented insights. This paper is a step in that trail.

Access to information: assessment of the use of automated interaction technologies in call centers

With the purpose of at lowering costs and reendering the demanded information available to users with no access to the internet, service companies have adopted automated interaction technologies in their call centers, which may or may not meet the expectations of users. Based on different areas of knowledge (man-machine interaction, consumer behavior and use of IT) 13 propositions are raised and a research is carried out in three parts: focus group, field study with users and interviews with experts. Eleven automated service characteristics which support the explanation for user satisfaction are listed, a preferences model is proposed and evidence in favor or against each of the 13 propositions is brought in. With balance scorecard concepts, a managerial assessment model is proposed for the use of automated call center technology. In future works, the propositions may become verifiable hypotheses through conclusive empirical research.

Interaction between information systems and work in the Brazilian banking sector

This article presents the results of a research to understand the conditions of interaction between work and three specific information systems (ISs) used in the Brazilian banking sector. We sought to understand how systems are redesigned in work practices, and how work is modified by the insertion of new systems. Data gathering included 46 semi-structured interviews, together with an analysis of system-related documents. We tried to identify what is behind the practices that modify the ISs and work. The data analysis revealed an operating structure: a combination of different practices ensuring that the interaction between agents and systems will take place. We discovered a structure of reciprocal conversion caused by the increased technical skills of the agent and the humanization of the systems. It is through ongoing adjustment between work and ISs that technology is tailored to the context and people become more prepared to handle with technology.

Studies in search of a suitable experimental insect model for xenodiagnosis of hosts with Chagas' disease: 3 - On the interaction of vector species and parasite strain in the reaction of bugs to infection by Trypanosoma cruzi

The reaction of nine vector species of Chagas' disease to infection by seven different Trypanosoma cruzi strains; Berenice, Y, FL, CL, S. Felipe, Colombiana and Gávea, are examined and compared. On the basis of the insects' ability to establish and maintain the infection, vector species could be divided into two distinct groups which differ in their reaction to an acute infection by T. cruzi. While the proportion of positive bugs was found to be low in Triatoma infestans and Triatoma dimidiata it was high, ranging from 96.9% to 100% in the group of wild (Rhodnius neglectus, Triatoma rubrovaria)and essentially sylvatic vectors in process of adaptation to human dwellings, maintained under control following successful insecticidal elimination of Triatoma infestans (Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma sordida and Triatoma pseudomaculata). An intermediate position is held by Triatoma brasiliensis and Rhodnius prolixus. This latter has been found to interchange between domestic and sylvatic environments. The most important finding is the strikingly good reaction between each species of the sylvatic bugs and practically all T. cruzi strains herein studied, thus indicating that the factors responsible for the excellent reaction of P.megistus to infection by Y strain, as previously reported also come into operation in the reaction of the same vector species to acute infections by five of the remaining T.cruzi strains. Comparison or data reported by other investigators with those herein described form the basis of the discussion of Dipetalogaster maximus as regards its superiority as a xenodiagnostic agent.

Equilibrium self-assembly of colloids with distinct interaction sites: Thermodynamics, percolation, and cluster distribution functions

We calculate the equilibrium thermodynamic properties, percolation threshold, and cluster distribution functions for a model of associating colloids, which consists of hard spherical particles having on their surfaces three short-ranged attractive sites (sticky spots) of two different types, A and B. The thermodynamic properties are calculated using Wertheim's perturbation theory of associating fluids. This also allows us to find the onset of self-assembly, which can be quantified by the maxima of the specific heat at constant volume. The percolation threshold is derived, under the no-loop assumption, for the correlated bond model: In all cases it is two percolated phases that become identical at a critical point, when one exists. Finally, the cluster size distributions are calculated by mapping the model onto an effective model, characterized by a-state-dependent-functionality (f) over bar and unique bonding probability (p) over bar. The mapping is based on the asymptotic limit of the cluster distributions functions of the generic model and the effective parameters are defined through the requirement that the equilibrium cluster distributions of the true and effective models have the same number-averaged and weight-averaged sizes at all densities and temperatures. We also study the model numerically in the case where BB interactions are missing. In this limit, AB bonds either provide branching between A-chains (Y-junctions) if epsilon(AB)/epsilon(AA) is small, or drive the formation of a hyperbranched polymer if epsilon(AB)/epsilon(AA) is large. We find that the theoretical predictions describe quite accurately the numerical data, especially in the region where Y-junctions are present. There is fairly good agreement between theoretical and numerical results both for the thermodynamic (number of bonds and phase coexistence) and the connectivity properties of the model (cluster size distributions and percolation locus).

Interaction of formaldehyde and tobacco smoking in the frequency of micronucleus and the XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphism

Formaldehyde is classified by IARC as carcinogenic to humans (nasopharyngeal cancer). Tobacco smoke has been epidemiologically associated to a higher risk of development of cancer, especially in the oral cavity, larynx and lungs, as these are places of direct contact with many carcinogenic tobacco’s compounds. XRCC3 is involved in homologous recombination repair of cross-links and chromosomal double-strand breaks (Thr241Met polymorphism). The aim of the study is to determine whether there is an in vivo association between genetic polymorphism of the gene XRCC3 and the frequency of genotoxicity biomarkers in subjects exposed or not to formaldehyde and with or without tobacco consumption.

Percolation of colloids with distinct interaction sites

We generalize the Flory-Stockmayer theory of percolation to a model of associating (patchy) colloids, which consists of hard spherical particles, having on their surfaces f short-ranged-attractive sites of m different types. These sites can form bonds between particles and thus promote self-assembly. It is shown that the percolation threshold is given in terms of the eigenvalues of a m x m matrix, which describes the recursive relations for the number of bonded particles on the ith level of a cluster with no loops; percolation occurs when the largest of these eigenvalues equals unity. Expressions for the probability that a particle is not bonded to the giant cluster, for the average cluster size and the average size of a cluster to which a randomly chosen particle belongs, are also derived. Explicit results for these quantities are computed for the case f = 3 and m = 2. We show how these structural properties are related to the thermodynamics of the associating system by regarding bond formation as a (equilibrium) chemical reaction. This solution of the percolation problem, combined with Wertheim's thermodynamic first-order perturbation theory, allows the investigation of the interplay between phase behavior and cluster formation for general models of patchy colloids.

Effects of the interaction of tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption on buccal micronucleus in workers exposed occupationally to formaldehyde

Occupational exposure to formaldehyde (FA) has been shown to induce nasopharyngeal cancer and has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence in humans. Tobacco smoke has been associated to a higher risk of development of cancer, especially in the oral cavity, larynx and lungs, as these are places of direct contact with many carcinogenic tobacco’s compounds. Alcohol is a recognized agent that influence cells in a genotoxic form, been citied as a strong agent with potential in the development of carcinogenic lesions. Epidemiological evidence points to a strong synergistic effect between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in the induction of cancers in the oral cavity. Approximately 90% of human cancers originate from epithelial cells. Therefore, it could be argued that oral epithelial cells represent a preferred target site for early genotoxic events induced by carcinogenic agents entering the body via inhalation and ingestion. The MN assay in buccal cells was also used to study cancerous and precancerous lesions and to monitor the effects of a number of chemopreventive agents.

Substrate interaction with recombinant amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa during biocatalysis

The interaction of a variety of substrates with Pseudomonas aeruginosa native amidase (E.C. 3.5.1.4), overproduced in an Escherichia coli strain, was investigated using difference FTIR spectroscopy. The amides used as substrates showed an increase in hydrogen bonding upon association in multimers, which was not seen with esters. Evidence for an overall reduction or weakening of hydrogen bonding while amide and ester substrates are interacting with the enzyme is presented. The results describe a spectroscopic approach for analysis of substrate-amidase interaction and in situ monitoring of the hydrolysis and transferase reaction when amides or esters are used as substrates.