Eficiência das companhias aéreas brasileiras: uma análise envoltória de dados

Studies about efficiency have gained dimension, in Brazil, since the early 90’s. Same decade that the Civil Aviation System suffers important changes in terms of regulations. Such transformations have echoed effects currently, with some significant trend for international standards. This paper focuses on one of the agents from the Brazilian Civil Aviation System, the airlines companies, which aimed on analyze and evaluate both passengers and cargo air transport, by using data envelopment analysis (DEA), during the period of 2005 to 2010. The yearbooks of ANAC, corresponding at the period from 2005 to 2010, were used as data base in this present study. The technique was applied to 14 companies, which through Stepwise process of variables validation was possible to compose a compact, but complete model, that could translate the reality of companies. This model was composed by one output, Total Income, and by four inputs, Total Costs, Total Domestic Passenger, Total Cargo and Total International Passengers. However, this approach has some flaws. Therefore in order to remedy it, it was required to apply the method Frontier Inverted, one of the alternatives proposed in the literature, which ensured an improvement in the context of efficiencies due to biggest discrimination of airlines. As a result of the DEA-BCC process, oriented by output, TAM 2005 was considered the most efficient company, however GOL and Webjet companies concentrated in 2007 their worst levels

Gestão no futebol: os quatro grandes times do estado de São Paulo

This research aims to identify elements that show how management influences and is present in modern Brazilian soccer, the competition and rivalry between the soccer teams, especially in the state of São Paulo, have increased considerably and consequently causing the search for efficiency to advance even more. The research was based on how close a relationship between management and soccer could influence it. Is the management so significant for the outcome of soccer match? The clubs with the best results are always those who apply best management models? Data that enabled the determination of financial indicators was collected from those who are considered the four major clubs in the state of São Paulo (SC Corinthians Paulista, SE Palmeiras, Santos FC and São Paulo FC ). With the data, the indicators and events that occurred with the clubs in the period 2010-2012, it was possible to demonstrate the influence of management in soccer, both good and bad, and see that even with the immediate results that soccer requires, managers should invest in some long-term measures to improve the structure of the clubs they represent

Economia Solidária e SENAES: de alternativa ao desemprego à superação do capitalismo?

A monografia procura analisar a essência da Economia Solidária no Brasil, para verificar se essa consiste apenas em mais um modo de adaptação à realidade econômica, frente ao desemprego e à pobreza, ou se possui uma profundidade maior, constituindo uma reação ao capitalismo, o que leva alguns autores a chamarem a ES de modo de produção. Para tanto, primeiramente foi realizado um levantamento de dados que expressam as características e dimensões dessa atividade no país. A seguir foram expostos os argumentos do principal autor e defensor do tema, Paul Singer, e colocadas críticas de autores marxistas. Por fim, foi feita uma análise das pretensões e resultados das políticas públicas implementadas pela SENAES, para averiguar se, na prática, essas seriam, em algum grau, facilitadoras da superação do capitalismo, ou se somente se limitam à parte da população excluída do mercado de trabalho

Estudo acústico das vogais do português brasileiro

In the area of Phonetics, current studies are mainly geared toward acoustic analysis of the speech. The technology of personal computers and available software made these analyses easier to be carried out. The following work used the software called PRAAT. Besides showing how it helps the researcher, the aim of this work is to bring new data for future consultation in this field, allowing comparisons and discussions about this subject. At FONAC, a place where a Project of Departmental Traineeship is run, coordinated by Prof. Dr. Luiz Carlos Cagliari and aimed at training on Acoustic Phonetics for undergraduates and graduates, there is a good quality recording, in which a speaker of the paulista dialect reads an excerpt of Michael Ende and Annegert Fuchshuber’s book named ‘The Dream-eater’ twice. The data obtained through it were analyzed directly or by statistic procedures. Tables and charts, created from these data, helped to visualize the similarities and differences between the vowels allowing an easier comprehension of the articulatory phenomenon. With the formants, specifically, prototypical values for the vowels of Portuguese and the dialect in study were obtained

O citar no Twitter: o caso de Clarice Lispector

The phenomenon of the World Wide Web, the Internet, has revolutionized the way we live in a contemporary relevance. The relationships among people have changed since the media also changed: the cyberspace has been established as an important vehicle of communication in which different languages, cultures and peoples coexist. Within the virtual space there are several fica possibilities for communication, interaction, fun, knowledge etc. Everything happens extremely quickly. An interesting example of that are blogs that, to survive virtuality, require constant updating. It has become interesting to notice the factor of personal expressiveness taking a new shape in the context of network, before being seen in elements such as diaries, poetry, artistic production or debate. The chances and, thus, the need to find people to interact and to share interests has taken a gigantic proportion, and, in this way, sources of audiovisual and reading activities are always in vogue, being shared every second. Blogging can be about different subjects, but what is perceived on all blogs is the strong trace of written text is always presented. Twitter has established itself as a microblogging network for the expression of dynamism, information sharing and interaction. Thus, it was interesting to approach the manner language is expressed in these microblogs thinking about the way that literary discourse is constructed when is seen, on quotations, in the context of this social network: Twitter. Being able to attest the great increase on the occurrences of quotes from different literary genres, it was useful to pay attention to this fact. In Brazil, Twitter has thousands of users, fans and readers, that rewrite and quote authors. The number of quotations is so abundant that it has popularized several Brazilian writers, such as: Clarice Lispector and Caio Fernando Abreu; authors that are frequetenly quoted. So, we made usage of semiotic studies of the French line. In...

A produção lexical de adjetivos no português brasileiro

Ce travail a le but de quantifier les formes les plus courantes d’adjetifs en portuguais brésilien, il s’agit d’un travail qui porte sur les usages synchroniques de la langue. Notre objetif c’est d’indentifier les formations lexicales propres aux adjetifs et de quantifier les usages de ces fomations pour en découvrir les tendances synchroniques de ces usages en portuguais brésilien. Le corpus est de base écrite, composé des lettres des lecteurs de magazine, ce qui permet plus de stabilité pour l’analyse. Vu qu’il s’agit d’un suport d’expression populaire le corpus nous a possibilité de faire un approche au langage plus informelle dont la façon d’expression permet la formation de vocabulaires les plus insolites et les plus récentes, tandis que l’écrite formelle résiste plus aux changements. La recheche des formes nous a donné des résultats quantitatifs des formes déjà connues, les plus nouvelles aussi et des usages des mots appartenants à d’autres classes gramaticales qui avaient une valeur d’adjetive dans quelques contextes spécifiques, en expressions typiques de langage informel. Ce travail, donc, contribue comme um petit portrait de la réalité lexicale brésilienne dans l’usage dynamique de la langue

MILA: estudo sobre o processo de unificação e funcionamento do mercado integrado latino-americano

O presente trabalho apresenta em sua essência informações sobre o processo de unificação das Bolsas de Valores do Chile (BVS), Peru (BVL) e Colômbia (BVC) - que deu origem ao Mercado Integrado Latino-Americano (MILA) - com o objetivo de compreender o funcionamento desse sistema inovador, e possibilitar o acompanhamento dos efeitos futuros que dele ocorram

A influência do ciclo estral no comportamento das linhagens de ratos congênica SLA16 e isogênica SHR

Several studies use only male rats in their experiments, even with all the evidence of differences between the sexes, not only in the reproductive behavior but also in the development of diseases. This absence of studies using female rats is due in part to the estrous cycle. It is known that one estrous cycle lasts four to 5 days and consists of four phases: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. Ramos et al. (1999) identified and mapped a QTL in an F2 population derived from interbreeding of strains of SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rats) and Lewis (LEW) rats and found, on chromosome 4, the first QTL of the world related to anxiety in rats. After several backcrosses between SHR and LEW strains, it was developed a congenic strain called SLA16, to refine the study of this QTL. This QTL corresponds to a large genomic region, approximately 75 million basepairs (Mb), and was first called Ofil1 (inner open field locomotion 1). Currently it is called Anxrr16 (anxiety-related response region 16) according to the rat genome database (RGD). Izidio et al. (2011) suggested that the natural fluctuation of the hormones in the estrous cycle of female rats could influence the effects of this locus on behavior. That is, females in DP (diestrus-proestrus) present the QTL in the same genomic region that males, while females in EM (estrus-metestrus) do not present it. The effects of the estrous cycle in the SLA16 strain and its isogenic control SHR were analyzed on the elevated plus maze (EPM), black and white box and on the open field test (OF). In the open field test, the SLA16 strain had higher central locomotion (F=5.0, p <0.05) and peripheral locomotion (F=12.6, p <0.01) compared to the SHR strain. In the elevated plus maze test, the SLA16 strain had the higher number of entries (F=9.5, p <0.01) and time spent in the open arms (F=10.3, p <0.01) compared to the SHR strain. Finally, in the black and white box test, the SLA16 lineage spent more time ...

A importância da ciência e tecnologia para o desenvolvimento: um estudo de caso da indústria brasileira de química verde

The objective of the research is to map and analyze the investment, strategies of develop and prospects of green chemical industry in Brazil and show the fundamental importance of basic research and applied research in the development of this industry in recent years. The complementary objectives are: (i) to evaluate the role of the Brazilian government as a catalyst, encouraging the development of green chemistry industry through incentives, subsidies and ease in credit lines; ii) mapping of relationships between companies universities and public research institutes in the field of green chemistry; iii) verification of the strategies in the world stage green chemistry, the course of time; iv) the theoretical issues and national plans, and your practicable; v) continued investment in the area, with the worry of them being affected by any matter cyclical such as the discovery of a large deposit of shale gas in the United States and a technological development of oil extraction in Brazil and vi) the pace of R&D for basic and applied in the country with the passage of time

Análise discursiva de blogs de professores: a produção da identidade na internet

This paper proposes a discursive analysis of teachers‘s blogs , particularly those accessible from the MEC site : http://portaldoprofessor.mec.gov.br/links.html . The aim is to analyze , dialogically, based on Bakhtinian discourse studies the speech of Portuguese language teachers on the internet , and to investigate aspects of the discourse genre blog , this specialized sphere of circulation :whether it is a means of exposing themselves, whether they are professional media extent , reflect about how to produce the identity of the Portuguese language teachers in such discourse . The axes of reflection on identity , in this case , are four: the subject‘sthe discourse about themselvesand their peers , how the subject shows itself tothe analyst - researcher in dialogue with others in history ( teachers , students , interested in issues of language , official documents ), how it can be seen by the analyst - researcher considering using resources ( videos , photos , literary genres, etc. ), how it is seen by those who comment your say

Una lapide in via Mazzini: os sofrimentos em Auschwitz e os desafios da tradução

Giorgio Bassani in his book Una lapide in via Mazzin seeks to show to the readers all the sufferings passed by Italians during the Second World War and emphasized those persists until today. Aiming to make an unprecedented translation of this tale, it is expected that the text provides us great experiences in the language and we could see the actual difficulties and differences with the Portuguese language, despite being considered these languages closed ones. The objective of this work is to produce a translation that allows us to transmit all anxieties and reflections suffered by the main character of the tale. After the war, the survivor of the concentration camp can go back to your city. He appears exactly at the moment is being placed a headstone on the synagogue wall in homage to Jews deported and killed in the camps. Given the gaunt figure of the man with his striped pajamas, the population is driven to rethink their own indifference and , in a way, its share of blame. Thus, the return should be celebrated is rejected and the figure of the survivor becomes a nuisance. The function of the headstone is actually and literally put a stone on the story. To achieve the proposed objective for this work, we analyzed all the chapters of the story Una lapide in via Mazzini and tried to find equivalents in Portuguese. However, we not ignored the traces of meaning that Giorgio Bassani invested in his work. Therefore, it was necessary to use both printed and virtual dictionaries. With the advancement of the translation work, we realized the difficulty of finding appropriate solutions to achieve the desired effect . The fidelity proposed by the author became increasingly difficult as our work progressed. In the course of all the discussions, it was concluded that , in fact , when it comes to translation, maintaining fidelity to the original text in a foreign language is a difficult and laborious process

Vozeamento na pronúncia de uma língua estrangeira: descrição de desvios comuns e como eles afetam o aprendizado do inglês

This paper analyzes voicing occurrences on the coda of Portuguese and English words pronounced by Brazilian speakers. The aim of this kind of analysis is to describe how voicing occurrences affect the realization and perception of foreign words. It was noted that there is a recurrence on the use of unvoiced coda in Portuguese, which was assumed to happen also in English when Brazilian Portuguese speakers uses it as a second language. The recordings were analyzed through Praat, software that generates waveforms and spectrograms, allowing segments to be divided and phonetically transcribed. The analysis proved the assumption to be true, concluding that speakers who had their speeches recorded produced unvoiced codas in fact. Conclusions concerning this take into consideration that, considering how minimal pairs in English can be produced based on coda voicing, there is a possible communication difficulty Brazilians may face due to this fact. But it goes by unnoticed, because this process sounds so natural it hardly is taken as a problem source

Efeitos do FGF2, FGF10 e da BMP15 sobre a maturação nuclear de oócitos bovinos durante a maturação in vitro

O ambiente folicular é responsável por manter o oócito em parada meiótica e pela retomada da mesma posteriormente. A retomada da meiose em momento adequado é de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento de oócitos de alta competência. Portanto, o estudo dos mecanismos reguladores da retomada da meiose é de grande utilidade. Nesse estudo, os efeitos do FGF2, FGF10 e BMP15 sobre a progressão da meiose durante a maturação oocitária in vitro foram testados. Para tanto, complexos cumulus-oócitos (COCs) foram cultivados em meio definido seguindo o delineamento: Interação FGF10 e BMP15: sendo os tratamentos: controle; FGF10 (10ng/mL); BMP15 (100ng/mL); FGF10 (10ng/mL) + BMP15 (100ng/mL); e Dose-Resposta FGF2: sendo os tratamentos: controle e FGF2 nas doses 1, 10 ou 100ng/mL. A fase da meiose foi avaliada após 22h de cultivo por meio de coloração HOESCHT 33342, sendo os oócitos classificados em meiose I ou meiose II. O FGF10 (68%), a BMP15 (62,57%) ou a interação, FGF10+BMP15, (73%) não alteraram a porcentagem de oócitos em MII após a MIV em relação ao controle (69,63%). Assim como, a adição de FGF2 nas doses de 1ng/mL (81,33%), 10ng/mL (84,83%) ou 100ng/mL (83%) também não alteraram a porcentagem de oócitos em MII em relação ao controle (79,83%)

São Bernardo: construção do romance pela memória

This paper concentrates on demonstrating that the novel called São Bernardo ,written by Graciliano Ramos, utilizes some literary strategies that cause the effect of being built by rememorizations, which is a vital aspect of several of the author’s titles. Such objective is reached via the analyses of how the following narrative categories: focalization, narrator, characters, story and time converge toward the elaboration of the memory and the comparison between this construction on São Bernardo and Angústia. In order to be successful on this task, three groups of study constitute our theoretical basis: a) critical essays concerning Graciliano Ramos; b) theoretical propositions about the narrative categories; c) academic articles on the constitution of memory. Papers composed by Antonio Candido, Alfredo Bosi, Sonia Brayner, Luís Costa Lima and others are part of the first group. The second one is constituted by propositions of Gérard Genette, Benedito Nunes etc. Finally, on the last one, we find Paul Ricouer and Henri Bergson