Moving beyond the rhetoric of provocation: the French and World War II in the novels of the Hussards (1949-1954)

In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, only those who had opposed the Germans or were perceived to have done so could freely express themselves. Soon, however, three young writers clearly leaning to the right of the political spectrum – Antoine Blondin, Roger Nimier and Jacques Laurent – dared to challenge their narratives in a series of provocative novels published between 1949 and 1954. Quickly referred to as the Hussards after the publication in 1952 of a famous essay by Bernard Frank, these writers momentarily occupied the literary space left vacant by their older peers. Without denying the provocative, political and subversive dimensions of the Hussards’ war novels, this article will argue that their success was mainly due to the fact that they were largely in line – and not in contradiction – with the ‘horizon of expectations’ of their time (Jauss, 1982).

The Right to Appropriate and meaningful Education for Children with ASD

This paper will explore from a ‘child’s rights perspective’ the ‘right’ of children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) to appropriate and meaningful education.Human ‘rights’ principles within international law will be evaluated in relation to how they have been interpreted and applied in relation to achieving this ‘right’. The International Convention of the Rights of the Child (United Nations in Convention on the rights of the child, office of the high commissioner, United Nations, Geneva, 1989) and the convention on the rights of the person with disability (United Nations in Convention on the rights of person’s with disabilities and optional protocol, office of the high commissioner, United Nations, Geneva, 2006) amongst others will be utilised to argue the case for ‘inclusive’educational opportunities to be a ‘right’ of every child on the autistic spectrum. The efficacy of mainstream inclusion is explored, identifying the position that a ‘one size fits all’model of education is not appropriate for all children with ASD.

Movement of Capital and Trade in Services:Distinguishing Myth from Reality Regarding the GATS and the Liberalization of the Capital Account

This article will analyze the interplay between capital movements and trade
in services as structured in World Trade Organization (WTO) law, and it will
assess the implications of the capital account liberalization for the freedom of
WTO Members to pursue their economic policies. Although the movement
of capital is largely confined to the domain of international financial or monetary
policy, it is regulated by WTO law due to its role in the process of
financial services liberalization, which generally requires liberalized capital
flows. From a legal perspective, the interplay between capital movements
and trade in services requires striking a delicate balance between the right
of market access and the parallel right of economic stability. Indeed, a liberalized
regime for capital movements could pose serious stability problems
during times of crisis. For this reason, it is necessary that Members are able
to derogate from their obligations and adopt emergency measures.
Regulating the movement of capital in the General Agreement on Trade in
Services (GATS) requires stretching the regulatory oversight of WTO law
over different aspects of international economic policy. Indeed, capital movements are a fundamental component of the balance of payments and have a
major role in shaping monetary, fiscal, and financial policies. This article will
analyze how the discipline provided by the GATS on capital movements will
affect not only trade in services, but also the Members’ policy space on
monetary and fiscal policy. The article will conclude that while the GATS offers enough policy space for the maintenance of financial stability, it does
not fully take into consideration the need of Members to control capital
movements in order to conduct monetary policies.

Memorial of the inhabitants of Fairfield District, S. Carolina, praying a revision of the tariff, &c., December 14, 1827

This document contains a memorial, which was written by the citizens of Fairfield district of South Carolina, with a purpose of securing their constitutional right of expressing formal sentiments in regard to excluding tariff on woolen manufactures. It was presented to the president and members of the Senate, and to the speaker and members of the House of Representatives in Congress.

Openness and privacy in Ontario: an evaluation of the implementation of FIPPA : (The Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1987, Chapter 25 and Ontario Regulation 532/87) /

Since the early 1970's, Canadians have expressed many concerns about the growth of government and its impact on their daily lives. The public has requested increased access to government documents and improved protection of the personal information which is held in government files and data banks. At the same time, both academics and practitioners in the field of public administration have become more interested in the values that public servants bring to their decisions and recommendations. Certain administrative values, such as accountability and integrity, have taken on greater relative importance. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the implementation of Ontario's access and privacy law. It centres on the question of whether or not the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 1987, (FIPPA) has answered the demand for open access to government while at the same time protecting the personal privacy of individual citizens. It also assesses the extent to which this relatively new piece of legislation has made a difference to the people of Ontario. The thesis presents an overview of the issues of freedom of information and protection of privacy in Ontario. It begins with the evolution of the legislation and a description of the law itself. It focuses on the structures and processes which have been established to meet the procedural and administrative demands of the Act. These structures and processes are evaluated in two ways. First, the thesis evaluates how open the Ontario government has become and, second, it determines how Ill carefully the privacy rights of individuals are safeguarded. An analytical framework of administrative values is used to evaluate the overall performance of the government in these two areas. The conclusion is drawn that, overall, the Ontario government has effectively implemented the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, particularly by providing access to most government-held documents. The protection of individual privacy has proved to be not only more difficult to achieve, but more difficult to evaluate. However, the administrative culture of the Ontario bureaucracy is shown to be committed to ensuring that the access and privacy rights of citizens are respected.

Children's rights and parenting beliefs : a study of attitudes, values and emotions

The conceptualization of childhood has changed over the centuries and appears to be undergoing further change in our post-modern culture. While the United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child is designed to give children everywhere basic human rights while taking into consideration their special needs, no recent research has examined adult attitudes toward those rights. In an attempt to understand the attitudes adults hold regarding autonomy rights and to look for some factors that could predict those attitudes, the current study considers values, parenting style, emotions and the issue of parent status as possible predictor variables. A total of 90 participants took part in the research, which had both written and interview components. Results generally failed to establish a reliable set of predictors. However, some interesting information was obtained regarding the endorsement of children's autonomy rights and some general conclusions were reached about our view of children and their rights at the end of the twentieth century.

Last Will and Testament of Peter Wright - 18 December 1812

The last will and testament of Peter Wright dated December 18, 1812. Transcription of will is below.

Diploma (vellum) from the Bar of Lower Canada to Edward Bradley Parkin of Quebec

Diploma (vellum) from the Bar of Lower Canada to Edward Bradley Parkin of Quebec conferring upon him the right of practicing as an Advocate, Barrister, Attorney, Solicitor and Proctor-at-Law in all courts in Lower Canada, June 4, 1866.

À propos de The Practice of Liberal Pluralism de William Galston : un dialogue avec l’auteur

Document de travail

L’harmonisation du droit d’asile dans l’Union Européenne : de Tampere à Stockholm

Ce mémoire concerne le droit d’asile dans l’Union Européenne. Il s’agit non seulement d’une analyse législative de la mise en œuvre d’une politique européenne commune d’asile issue de la création de l’espace de liberté, sécurité et justice établi par le Traité d’Amsterdam, mais aussi de l’évaluation du niveau d’harmonisation atteint par cette politique au sein de l’Union, et enfin d’une réflexion sur la relation entre le processus de mise en œuvre de la politique commune d’asile d’une part, et le respect des droits fondamentaux des chercheurs et des demandeurs de la protection internationale par les États Membres et la Communauté d’autre part.

The right to be forgotten under European Law: a Constitutional debate

Cet article met en lumière la perspective européenne sur un des plus importants défis que l’Internet et le Web 2.0 présente pour la vie privée et le droit à la protection des données. L’auteur y soulève des problématiques liées à la mémoire numérique et distingue à partir de plusieurs cas où les individus seraient intéressés de réclamer l'oubli tant dans les réseaux sociaux, les journaux officiels des gouvernements et dans les bibliothèques médiatiques numériques. Il trace l’histoire de l’identification du droit à l’oubli dont les fondements ont été définis par les agences françaises, italiennes et espagnoles de protection des données. En conclusion, il pose son regard sur un nouveau cadre européen de la protection des données comprenant le droit individuel à voir leurs données supprimées lorsqu’elles ne sont plus nécessaires à des fins légitimes.

Looking at The Future of Canadian Copyright in The Rear View Mirror

"L’auteur présente une analyse générale de l’évolution historique et des développements récents du régime des droits d’auteur au Canada. Avec le développement des nouvelles technologies de l’information, et plus spécifiquement de l’Internet, le régime canadien des droits d’auteur nécessiterait d’importantes réformes. L’auteur déplore toutefois les modifications récentes issues de la loi C-60. En effet, selon lui, ces changements ne correspondent pas au régime international proposé par l’Organisation Mondiale de Propriété Intellectuelle. En fait, ceux-ci cadrent beaucoup plus avec la perspective américaine de protection limitative des droits d’auteur. Michael Geist trace d’abord l’historique du développement du régime de protection des droits d’auteur au Canada. Il souligne notamment les modifications législatives importantes de la fin des années 1980 et 1990 qui visaient à renforcer les règles de reconnaissance et de protection des droits que les auteurs canadiens possèdent sur leurs œuvres. Parallèlement, à ces modifications législatives, la Cour Suprême du Canada s’est aussi prononcée sur la question des droits d’auteur en interprétant limitativement la portée de ce régime, facilitant ainsi l’accès des œuvres artistiques au domaine public. L’auteur souligne les divergences et les contradictions entre la conception législative et celle jurisprudentielle de la fonction du régime canadien des droits d’auteur. Le législateur canadien a récemment proposé une nouvelle modification du régime de droits d’auteurs qui consisterait en l’extension des délais obligatoire avant qu’une œuvre couverte par le régime ne soit incluse dans le domaine public. Michael Geist s’oppose à une telle modification et soutient qu’elle entraînerait de nombreuses conséquences négatives pour les auteurs et les artistes canadiens. En effet, cette modification limiterait l’accès des auteurs aux oeuvres antérieures, elle entraverait les opportunités et les capacités commerciales des œuvres canadiennes et restreindrait les domaines de recherche académique. L’auteur aborde par la suite la problématique reliée aux ""Mesures de Protection Techniques"" et à la législation qui les encadre. En analysant les problèmes causés par ces mesures aux États-Unis, il présente leurs effets nuisibles pour les domaines fondamentaux de la liberté de parole et de la recherche académique. Les réformes possibles du régime canadien des droits d’auteur se situent dans une perspective plus ouverte du régime de protection et de promotion des œuvres canadiennes. Ces réformes auraient l’avantage de promouvoir et de protéger les œuvres canadiennes tout en évitant les problèmes causés par les mesures trop limitatives. À ce sujet, l’auteur propose l’établissement d’une bibliothèque digitale nationale, l’abrogation des droits d’auteur de la couronne et un nouveau régime permettant l’utilisation du matériel radiodiffusé de la Société Radio-Canada."

Social Security of Labour in the New Indian Economy

Globalisation has many facets and its impact on labour is one of the most significant aspects.Though its influence is worldwide,it is much more significant in a transforming economy like India.The right of workers to social security is seen recognised under the Constitution of India and other welfare legislations.But,after adoption of the new economic policy of liberalisation and privatisation by the Government of India,the labour is exposed to new set of challenges.They are posed mainly due to economic restructuring affected in employment relationship,coupled with the increase in unprotected informal labour force.This study is an attempt to analyse the new challenges stemming up in employment relation,efficacy of the existing measures for social security of labour in the present economic condition and the suggestions for securing workers'right to social security in the trade regime.

Conscientious objection and ideological impositions: The Drift of The Mayflower

This article discusses the problematic and evading development of conscientiousobjection in the context of the Colombian constitutional jurisprudence. From a historical allusion to the famous case of the “Mayflower Pilgrims” –which serve as areference to the central problems that faces the objector–, it seeks to define the scopeof conscientious objection as a fundamental right (as a fundamental justice claim)in regard to the “factual” and “legal” possibilities for its exercise, for which there willbe a brief contrast between the most representative cases decided by the ColombianConstitutional Court in such matter. The core of the article is the idea that thereis an ideological prevalence that, unjustifiably, makes it difficult and in some casesdenies the exercise of the right to object in consciousness, particularly when it comes tothe right of life in regard to the abortion case.

Estudio de caso. “el papel de los refugiados en la implementación de la política de libre circulación de la cedeao: visto desde el flujo de Liberia a Ghana”

Este estudio de caso tiene como objetivo determinar las implicaciones del flujo de población refugiada en la implementación de la política de libre circulación de la CEDEAO; tomando como referente el flujo desde Liberia hacia Ghana generado por la Guerra Civil. Esta investigación defiende que las implicaciones pueden estar relacionadas a las dinámicas que se asocian al movimiento de personas, las cuales pueden ser negativas o positivas, razón por la cual los Estados pueden reaccionar endureciendo las políticas migratorias, la obtención de permisos laborales y de residencia, y el cierre de fronteras o la expulsión de refugiados; con el fin de evitar consecuencias a nivel político, económico o en materia de seguridad. Para comprobar lo anterior se va a realizará un análisis de texto, sobre posiciones nacionales y políticas comunitarias, así como una revisión de estudios y estadísticas relacionados con el tema.