Lagochilascaris minor IN A PATIENT FROM THE COLOMBIAN AMAZON: A CASE REPORT

A chronic infection (10 years) by Lagochilascaris minor is described in a woman from the amazon region of Colombia. This is the third case of infection by this parasite that has been described so far in Colombia, and only the first one in a person coming from the Colombian Amazon region.

Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909 (Nematoda: Ascarididae) in Mexico: three clinical cases from the Peninsula of Yucatan

Human lagochilascariasis (HL) is a parasite produced by Lagochilascaris minor Leiper 1909 that also can be found in cats and dogs. HL is considered an emerging zoonosis in the Americas, spreading from Mexico to Argentina, and the Caribbean Islands. The present paper describes three HL cases from the Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico, recorded in the last decade. It describes the characteristics of the lesions and discusses the route of transmission in humans and particularly in the observed patients.

EVALUATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF LEVAMISOLE HYDROCHLORIDE ON THIRD-STAGE LARVAE OF Lagochilascaris minor IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED MICE

Lagochilascariosis, a disease caused by Lagochilascaris minor, affects the neck, sinuses, tonsils, lungs, the sacral region, dental alveoli, eyeballs and the central nervous system of humans. A cycle of autoinfection may occur in human host tissues characterized by the presence of eggs, larvae and adult worms. This peculiarity of the cycle hinders therapy, since there are no drugs that exhibit ovicidal, larvicidal and vermicidal activity. Given these facts, we studied the action of levamisole hydrochloride on third-stage larvae in the migration phase (G1) and on encysted larvae (G3) of L. minor. To this end, 87 inbred mice of the C57BL/6 strain were divided into test groups comprising 67 animals (G1-37; G3-30) and a control group (G2-10; G4-10) with 20 animals. Each animal was inoculated orally with 2,000 infective eggs of the parasite. The animals of the test groups were treated individually with a single oral dose of levamisole hydrochloride at a concentration of 0.075 mg. The drug was administered either 30 minutes prior to the parasite inoculation (G1 animals) or 120 days after the inoculation (G3 animals). The mice in the control groups were not treated with the drug. After the time required for the migration and the encysting of L. minor larvae, all the animals were euthanized and their tissues examined. The data were analyzed using the Student's unpaired t-test and the Levene test. The groups showed no statistically significant difference. Levamisole hydrochloride was ineffective on third-stage larvae of L. minor. These findings explain the massive expulsion of live adult worms, as well as the use of long treatment schemes, owing to the persistence of larvae and eggs in human parasitic lesions.

Avaliação da eficácia terapêutica da ivermectina sobre larvas de quarto estádio de Lagochilascaris minor em gatos infectados experimentalmente

Avaliou-se a ação da ivermectina sobre larvas de quarto estádio em gatos infectados experimentalmente com Lagochilascaris minor. Foram utilizados 30 gatos (divididos, igualmente, em três grupos I, II e III), sendo que cada animal foi inoculado, por via oral, com 50 larvas de terceiro estádio do parasito. Cada animal, dos grupos I e II, foi tratado com ivermectina na dosagen de 200mig/kg, no quinto dia após o inóculo (DAI). Os animais do grupo I foram examinados, clinicamente, entre 30 e 40 dias e os do grupo II entre 180 e 190 dias sendo, em seguida, submetidos à necropsia. Os dez animais do grupo III, não foram tratados com a droga constituindo o grupo controle. Independentemente do período de observação, observou-se 100% de eficácia da droga, visto que houve total interrupção do ciclo biológico do parasito em todos animais tratados. Todos animais do grupo controle desenvolveram a infecção por Lagochilascaris minor.

Lagochilascaris minor: antibody production in experimentally infected mice

Lagochilascaris minor is the causative agent of lagochilascariosis, a disease that affects the neck region and causes festering abscesses, with eggs, adult parasites and L3/L4 larvae within the purulent exudates. Today, mice are considered to be intermediate hosts for the parasite. C57BL/6 mice produce immunoglobulin IgM, IgA and IgG against the crude extract of the parasite; on the other hand, antibodies produced against the secreted/excreted antigens of Lagochilascaris minor present lower levels of IgM, IgA and IgG. This is the first description of antibody detection against different antigens of Lagochilascaris minor.

Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian‑speaking populations

There are two very different interpretations of the prehistory of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA), with genetic evidence invoked in support of both. The "out-of-Taiwan" model proposes a major Late Holocene expansion of Neolithic Austronesian speakers from Taiwan. An alternative, proposing that Late Glacial/postglacial sea-level rises triggered largely autochthonous dispersals, accounts for some otherwise enigmatic genetic patterns, but fails to explain the Austronesian language dispersal. Combining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-chromosome and genome-wide data, we performed the most comprehensive analysis of the region to date, obtaining highly consistent results across all three systems and allowing us to reconcile the models. We infer a primarily common ancestry for Taiwan/ISEA populations established before the Neolithic, but also detected clear signals of two minor Late Holocene migrations, probably representing Neolithic input from both Mainland Southeast Asia and South China, via Taiwan. This latter may therefore have mediated the Austronesian language dispersal, implying small-scale migration and language shift rather than large-scale expansion.

Tizón (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor) y Marchitamiento (Sclerotium rolfsii) del maní

En Argentina, el cultivo de maní Arachis hypogaea L. se realiza casi exclusivamente en la provincia de Córdoba (98 % del total), significando su exportación alrededor del 10 % del total de las estimadas para esta provincia en 1996. En las áreas productoras de maní del mundo los hongos patógenos presentes en el suelo causan enfermedades que producen significativas disminuciones en los rendimientos. En Argentina las pérdidas han sido calculadas entre 14 y 18 millones de dólares, siendo las enfermedades más importantes el tizón (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor) y el marchitamiento (Sclerotium rolfsii). (...) En nuestro país, los estudios efectuados comprenden esencialmente la identificación de los agentes causales, distribución espacial y cuantificación de las pérdidas, faltando completar los estudios sobre su biología y epidemiología. La hipótesis de este proyecto es: A partir de estudios biológicos y epidemiológicos se contribuirá a desarrollar estrategias de manejo de tizón y el marchitamiento del maní. Objetivo General Identificar y definir los principios fundamentales a partir de los cuales diseñar estrategias de manejo integradas al sistema productivo. Objetivos Específicos 1. Conocer la biología de los patógenos causantes del tizón y el marchitamiento y 2. Comprender la epidemiología de estas enfermedades.

Tizón (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor) y Marchitamiento (Sclerotium rolfsii) del maní

En Argentina, el cultivo de maní Arachis hypogaea L. se realiza casi exclusivamente en la provincia de Córdoba (98 % del total), significando su exportación alrededor del 10 % del total de las estimadas para esta provincia en 1996. En las áreas productoras de maní del mundo los hongos patógenos presentes en el suelo causan enfermedades que producen significativas disminuciones en los rendimientos. En Argentina las pérdidas han sido calculadas entre 14 y 18 millones de dólares, siendo las enfermedades más importantes el tizón (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor) y el marchitamiento (Sclerotium rolfsii). (...) En nuestro país, los estudios efectuados comprenden esencialmente la identificación de los agentes causales, distribución espacial y cuantificación de las pérdidas, faltando completar los estudios sobre su biología y epidemiología. La hipótesis de este proyecto es: A partir de estudios biológicos y epidemiológicos se contribuirá a desarrollar estrategias de manejo de tizón y el marchitamiento del maní. Objetivo General Identificar y definir los principios fundamentales a partir de los cuales diseñar estrategias de manejo integradas al sistema productivo. Objetivos Específicos 1. Conocer la biología de los patógenos causantes del tizón y el marchitamiento y 2. Comprender la epidemiología de estas enfermedades.

The days of a man, being memories of a naturalist, teacher, and minor prophet of democracy.

2

The days of a man, being memories of a naturalist, teacher, and minor prophet of democracy.

1

Phylogenetic systematics of the Amolops group of ranid frogs of Southeastern Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands / Da-Tong Yang.

n.s. no.63(1991)

Placentation of the pigmy treeshrew Tupaia minor / Waldemar Meister and D. Dwight Davis.

v.35:no.4(1956)

A new limbless skink (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Thailand with comments on the generic status of the limbless skinks of Southeast Asia [by] W. Ronald Heyer.

v.58:no.10(1971)

Reptiles and amphibians from southwestern Asia, by Karl P. Schmidt.

v.24:no.7(1939)