Geschichte der badischen Juden seit der Regierung Karl Friedrichs : 1738 - 1909

von Adolf Lewin

L' oppression des Juifs dans l'Europe orientale : les massacres de Kichinef et la situation des prolétaires Juifs en Russie

par Elie Eberlin

Die russischen Massacres : Protestversammlung zu Berlin ... am 25. Juni 1906

hrsg. von d. Redacion d. Russ. Correspondenz

Les massacres de Kichinev

par B.-A. Henry

Discorso inaugurale per la nuova sede dell' accademia religiosa "Joseph Franco" 15 Adar 5669 - 8 Marzo 1909

[von] Samuele Colombo

The Adler family : address delivered at the Jewish Institute ... on June 6th, 1909, on the occasion of the jubilee of the Chief Rabbi

by Marcus N. Adler

Les donations de la famille de Rothschild : notice lue a l'assemblée générale annuelle de la Sociéte des amis du Louvre, le 20 Janvier 1909

par Raymond Koechlin

The Role of the European Imperial Powers throughout the Armenian Schism in the 1870s

The Bull "Reversurus" (1867) and its dogmatic legitimization at the First Vatican Council in 1870 caused not only ecclesiastical controversy and Schism in the Armenian Catholic Church, but it had also wide political consequences for the Armenian Catholics in the Ottoman Empire. The conflict originally between the Armenian Catholics and Rome attracted very soon the attention of the European imperial Powers. France, the British Empire, the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and Russia were the main political powers who were involved in the Armenian affair. A full picture of the role of all these powers for the course of the Armenian Schism is missing. Mostly the role of France is foregrounded in the printed sources, as the main power, which supported the papacy to win during the Armenian affair. The role and the motives of the other imperial powers is almost missing. This article will try to describe as completely as possible the historical and political background, which brought to the escalation of the Armenian conflict beyond the national frontiers and led to number of conflicts at the international and transnational level. It will be shown that the imperial policy in Europe in the 19th century have played an enormous role throughout the Armenian Schism. It will be explained that several historical circumstances in Europe, especially the relation of the European imperial powers to each other as well as their expectations from the Ottoman Empire and its Armenian subjects were decisive for the duration and conclusion of the Armenian Schism.