Análisis monotónico de mezclas densas en caliente con asfalto 80 - 100 modificado al 100% de caucho de bota militar

86 p.

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una organización no gubernamental (ONG), encargada de elaborar y gestionar proyectos de desarrollo local, para las comunidades más pobres del municipio de Comasagua del departamento de La Libertad.

El presente estudio de factibilidad pretende describir la alternativa más idónea, para solucionar los problemas de desarrollo de las comunidades más pobres del municipio de Comasagua a través de la creación de una ONG, que genere y gestione proyectos autosustentables. Para el estudio se realizó una investigación de campo cuyos objetivos eran, determinar la demanda potencial insatisfecha de una ONG, por parte de los pobladores del Municipio de Comasagua y establecer el nivel de competencia que se posee en el Municipio de Comasagua en cuanto a la existencia de Organización no Gubernamentales. En la metodología de la investigación se utilizó el tipo de muestreo aleatorio simple (MAS), tomando una muestra de 130 familias. Los resultados más importantes de la investigación reflejan que el 76.90% carece de una infraestructura apropiada en su comunidad; lo que indica la falta de: agua potable, energía eléctrica, caminos vecinales, aguas servidas, etc. El 100% de los encuestados respondieron negativamente a la existencia de una Unidad de Salud en sus comunidades; ante eso los resultados manifiestan que el 90.80% de los encuestados demandan la creación de la ONG encargada de elaborar y gestionar Proyectos de Desarrollo Local, para así elevar el nivel de vida, gracias a la ejecución de proyectos con fines sociales. El estudio técnico describe la propuesta de localización de la ONG, así como la distribución de sus áreas de trabajo y la propuesta de su diseño organizativo comprendiendo las propuestas de los estatutos de la ONG, un reglamento de trabajo, un organigrama y un manual contable. El estudio económico detalla las necesidades de inversión y los gastos de operación requeridos para la creación y funcionamiento de la ONG. El complemento de este análisis concluyó con una evaluación privada y social del proyecto resultando como la alternativa más factible, la creación de la ONG. Tomando en cuenta esta conclusión y la factibilidad comprobada a través del desarrollo de los demás estudios, se recomienda crear la Fundación para el Desarrollo Local del Municipio de Comasagua, denominada FUNDELCOM.

Beneficios de un programa monitorizado de actividad física basado en caminar sobre la salud del anciano

En los países desarrollados se está experimentando un continuo proceso de envejecimiento de la población. Especialmente en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, debido tanto a la baja tasa de fecundidad como al descenso de la mortalidad por los avances de la medicina y la salud pública. Los procesos degenerativos y enfermedades crónicas, procesos más prevalentes entre los ancianos, son en la actualidad los principales desafíos para los sistemas sanitarios. Frente a este tipo de dolencias tienen un papel especialmente relevante la prevención y la promoción de la salud. Los Estilos de vida son el principal determinante de salud de la población, por encima del propio sistema de asistencia sanitario, y están asociados a la mayor parte de los factores de riesgo conocidos de muerte prematura. La inactividad y el sedentarismo constituyen uno de los estilos de vida de mayor relevancia por su prevalencia, su demostrada relación con los factores de riesgo anteriormente citados, así como por ser susceptible de modificación. Por lo tanto la promoción de actividad física constituiría una estrategia prioritaria de salud, especialmente en mayores de 65 años que es el grupo de población que concentra el mayor número de enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas...

La estrategia en la perdurabilidad empresarial. Un estudio de la segunda aerolínea más antigua del mundo: Avianca

Una de las principales dificultades que se presenta en Colombia, para el desarrollo económico y social, está dada por la falta de sostenibilidad de la gran mayoría de empresas en el país. Por este motivo, este trabajo se ha concentrado en investigar este problema y brindar herramientas que ayuden a fomentar una cultura de perdurabilidad. Con este fin, se ha realizado un estudio acerca de Avianca, una empresa referente en el país en lo que respecta a la perdurabilidad, posicionamiento y estrategia, pues, a lo largo de sus casi cien años de historia, ha superado retos y circunstancias, que, de haber actuado de otra manera, habrían podido llevarla a su fin.

Prevenção de câncer de colo de útero na Estratégia Saúde da Família núcleo III - Caarapó/MS

Devido ao alto fluxo de pacientes em ginecologia no município de Caarapó, assim como alto fluxo de mulheres com exame preventivo constando alterações, formulou-se este Projeto de Intervenção (PI) para busca ativa destas mulheres e melhoria dos índices de adesão aos métodos de rastreamento. Nos anos anteriores foram realizadas em média 400 coletas ao ano, ou seja 22.5%, sendo que o preconizado pelo MS é a disponibilização de 80% das coletas. É estimado que a redução de cerca de 80% da mortalidade por câncer de colo uterino pode ser alcançada através de ações de rastreamento de mulheres na faixa etária de 25 a 65 anos, assim como ações de acompanhamento de mulheres com lesões já identificadas. Como metodologia foi realizada busca ativa de todas as mulheres em idade entre os 15 aos 25 anos (com vida sexual ativa) e 25 aos 60 anos em sua totalidade, assim como busca ativa daquelas faltosas no seguimento e realização de campanhas para coleta de exame preventivo. Foram coletados 540 exames, encaminhados 26 preventivos alterados para seguimento e 32 pacientes para retorno ao seguimento. Aumentando consideravelmente o número de mulheres encaminhadas para seguimento de lesões de colo de útero, assim como a faixa etária que mais aderiram às coletas se encontravam entre 20 a 39 anos. Também foi observado que a maioria das mulheres não adere à coleta anual (60,6%), assim como ainda existem muitos casos de mulheres em idade tardia que estavam realizando o exame pela primeira vez (9,1%).

Desorption/ionization Efficiencies Of Triacylglycerols And Phospholipids Via Easi-ms.

Knowledge of the major effects governing desorption/ionization efficiency is required for the development and application of ambient mass spectrometry. Although all triacylglycerols (TAG) have the same favorable protonation and cationization sites, their desorption/ionization efficiencies can vary dramatically during easy ambient sonic-spray ionization because of structural differences in the carbon chain. To quantify this somewhat surprising and drastic effect, we have performed a systematic investigation of desorption/ionization efficiencies as a function of unsaturation and length for TAG as well as for diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and several phospholipids (PL). Affinities for Na(+) as a function of unsaturation level have also been assayed via comprehensive metadynamics calculations to understand the influence of this phenomenon on the ionization efficiency. The results suggest that dipole-dipole interactions within a carbon chain tuned by unsaturation sites govern ionization efficiency of TAG and PL.

The Effect Of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Alone Or In Combination With Electrostimulation In The Treatment Of Sexual Dysfunction In Women With Multiple Sclerosis.

Sexual dysfunction (SD) affects up to 80% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) play an important role in the sexual function of these patients. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a rehabilitation program to treat lower urinary tract symptoms on SD of women with MS. Thirty MS women were randomly allocated to one of three groups: pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback and sham neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) (Group I), PFMT with EMG biofeedback and intravaginal NMES (Group II), and PFMT with EMG biofeedback and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) (Group III). Assessments, before and after the treatment, included: PFM function, PFM tone, flexibility of the vaginal opening and ability to relax the PFMs, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. After treatment, all groups showed improvements in all domains of the PERFECT scheme. PFM tone and flexibility of the vaginal opening was lower after the intervention only for Group II. All groups improved in arousal, lubrication, satisfaction and total score domains of the FSFI questionnaire. This study indicates that PFMT alone or in combination with intravaginal NMES or TTNS contributes to the improvement of SD.

Phytochemical Markers Of Different Types Of Red Propolis.

Propolis is a resin that bees collect from different plant sources and use in the defense of the bee community. The intricate composition of propolis varies depending on plant sources from different geographic regions and many types have been reported. Red coloured propolis found in several states in Brazil and in other countries has known antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Different analytical methods have been applied to studies regarding the chemical composition and plant origins of red propolis. In this study samples of red propolis from different regions have been characterised using direct infusion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-MS) fingerprinting. Data from the fingerprints was extracted and analysed by multivariate analysis to group the samples according to their composition and marker compounds. Despite similar colour, the red coloured propolis samples were divided into three groups due to contrasting chemical composition, confirming the need to properly characterise the chemical composition of propolis.

High-throughput Analysis By Sp-ldi-ms For Fast Identification Of Adulterations In Commercial Balsamic Vinegars.

Balsamic vinegar (BV) is a typical and valuable Italian product, worldwide appreciated thanks to its characteristic flavors and potential health benefits. Several studies have been conducted to assess physicochemical and microbial compositions of BV, as well as its beneficial properties. Due to highly-disseminated claims of antioxidant, antihypertensive and antiglycemic properties, BV is a known target for frauds and adulterations. For that matter, product authentication, certifying its origin (region or country) and thus the processing conditions, is becoming a growing concern. Striving for fraud reduction as well as quality and safety assurance, reliable analytical strategies to rapidly evaluate BV quality are very interesting, also from an economical point of view. This work employs silica plate laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SP-LDI-MS) for fast chemical profiling of commercial BV samples with protected geographical indication (PGI) and identification of its adulterated samples with low-priced vinegars, namely apple, alcohol and red/white wines.

Chemical Composition And Free Radical-scavenging, Anticancer And Anti-inflammatory Activities Of The Essential Oil From Ocimum Kilimandscharicum.

The essential oil from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (EOOK), collected in Dourados-MS, was investigated for anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and chemical composition. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oil was evaluated for free radical-scavenging activity using the DPPH assay and was tested in an anticancer assay against ten human cancer cell lines. The response parameter (GI50) was calculated for the cell lines tested. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice. The chemical composition showed 45 components with a predominance of monoterpenes, such as camphor (51.81%), 1,8 cineole (20.13%) and limonene (11.23%). The EOOK exhibited potent free radical-scavenging activity by the DPPH assay with a GI50 of 8.31 μg/ml. The major constituents, pure camphor (IC50=12.56 μg/ml) and mixture of the limonene: 1, 8 cineole (IC50=23.25 μg/ml) displayed a potent activity. The oral administration of EOOK (at 30 and 100 mg kg(-1)), as well as the pure camphor or a mixture of 1,8 cineole with limonene, significantly inhibited the carrageenan (Cg) induced pleurisy, reducing the migration of total leukocytes in mice by 82 ± 4% (30 mg kg(-1) of EOOK), 95 ± 4% (100 mg kg(-1) of EOOK), 83 ± 9% (camphor) and 80 ± 5% (mixture of 1,8 cineole:limonene 1:1). In vitro cytotoxicity screening against a human ovarian cancer cell line displayed high selectivity and potent anticancer activity with GI50=31.90 mg ml(-1). This work describes the anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant effects of EOOK for the first time. The essential oil exhibited marked anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer effects, an effect that can be attributed the presence of majorital compounds, and the response profiles from chemical composition differed from other oils collected in different locales.

Chemo-, Regio- And Stereoselective Heck Arylation Of Allylated Malonates: Mechanistic Insights By Esi-ms And Synthetic Application Toward 5-arylmethyl-γ-lactones.

We describe herein a general method for the controlled Heck arylation of allylated malonates. Both electron-rich and electron-poor aryldiazonium salts were readily employed as the aryl-transfer agents in good yields and in high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity without formation of decarboxylated byproducts. Reaction monitoring via ESI-MS was used to support the formation of chelated Pd species through the catalytic cycle. Additionally, some Heck adducts were successfully used in the total synthesis of pharmacologically active γ-lactones.

Esi(+)-ms And Gc-ms Study Of The Hydrolysis Of N-azobenzyl Derivatives Of Chitosan.

New N-p-chloro-, N-p-bromo-, and N-p-nitrophenylazobenzylchitosan derivatives, as well as the corresponding azophenyl and azophenyl-p-sulfonic acids, were synthesized by coupling N-benzylvchitosan with aryl diazonium salts. The synthesized molecules were analyzed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 15N-NMR spectroscopy. The capacity of copper chelation by these materials was studied by AAS. Chitosan and the derivatives were subjected to hydrolysis and the products were analyzed by ESI(+)-MS and GC-MS, confirming the formation of N-benzyl chitosan. Furthermore, the MS results indicate that a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SnAr) reaction occurs under hydrolysis conditions, yielding chloroaniline from N-p-bromo-, and N-p-nitrophenylazo-benzylchitosan as well as bromoaniline from N-p-chloro-, and N-p-nitrophenylazobenzyl-chitosan.

Characterization Of Anfo Explosive By High Accuracy Esi(±)-ftms With Forensic Identification On Real Samples By Easi(-)-ms.

Ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) is an explosive used in many civil applications. In Brazil, ANFO has unfortunately also been used in criminal attacks, mainly in automated teller machine (ATM) explosions. In this paper, we describe a detailed characterization of the ANFO composition and its two main constituents (diesel and a nitrate explosive) using high resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry performed on an FT-ICR-mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI(±)-FTMS) in both the positive and negative ion modes. Via ESI(-)-MS, an ion marker for ANFO was characterized. Using a direct and simple ambient desorption/ionization technique, i.e., easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS), in a simpler, lower accuracy but robust single quadrupole mass spectrometer, the ANFO ion marker was directly detected from the surface of banknotes collected from ATM explosion theft.

Serum Bdnf Levels Are Not Reliable Correlates Of Neurodegeneration In Ms Patients.

4

Subclinical Mri Disease Activity Influences Cognitive Performance In Ms Patients.

The pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) are not yet fully understood and, in addition to demyelinating lesions and gray-matter atrophy, subclinical disease activity may play a role. To evaluate the contribution of asymptomatic gadolinium-enhancing lesions to cognitive dysfunction along with gray-matter damage and callosal atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Forty-two treated RRMS and 30 controls were evaluated. MRI (3T) variables of interest were brain white-matter and cortical lesion load, cortical and deep gray-matter volumes, corpus callosum volume and presence of gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Outcome variables included EDSS, MS Functional Composite (MSFC) subtests and the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological tests. Cognitive dysfunction was classified as deficits in two or more cognitive subtests. Multivariate regression analyses assessed the contribution of MRI metrics to outcomes. Patients with cognitive impairment (45.2%) had more cortical lesions and lower gray-matter and callosal volumes. Patients with subclinical MRI activity (15%) had worse cognitive performance. Clinical disability on MSFC was mainly associated with putaminal atrophy. The main independent predictors for cognitive deficits were high burden of cortical lesions and number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Cognitive dysfunction was especially related to high burden of cortical lesions and subclinical disease activity. Cognitive studies in MS should look over subclinical disease activity as a potential contributor to cognitive impairment.