Stable isotopic composition of bottom water and benthic foraminifera from Hakon Mosby Mud Vulcano

To investigate the use of benthic foraminifera as a means to document ancient methane release, we determined the stable isotopic composition of tests of live (Rose Bengal stained) and dead specimens of epibenthic Fontbotia wuellerstorfi, preferentially used in paleoceanographic reconstructions, and of endobenthic high-latitude Cassidulina neoteretis and Cassidulina reniforme from a cold methane-venting seep off northern Norway. We collected foraminiferal tests from three push cores and nine multiple cores obtained with a remotely operated vehicle and a video-guided multiple corer, respectively. All sampled sites except one control site are situated at the Håkon Mosby mud volcano (HMMV) on the Barents Sea continental slope in 1250 m water depth. At the HMMV in areas densely populated by pogonophoran tube worms, d13C values of cytoplasm-containing epibenthic F. wuellerstorfi are by up to 4.4 per mil lower than at control site, thus representing the lowest values hitherto reported for this species. Live C. neoteretis and C. reniforme reach d13C values of -7.5 and -5.5 per mil Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB), respectively, whereas d13C values of their empty tests are higher by 4 per mil and 3 per mil. However, d13C values of empty tests are never lower than those of stained specimens, although they are still lower than empty tests from the control site. This indicates that authigenic calcite precipitates at or below the sediment surface are not significantly influencing the stable isotopic composition of foraminiferal shells. The comparatively high d13C results rather from upward convection of pore water and fluid mud during active methane venting phases at these sites. These processes mingle tests just recently calcified with older ones secreted at intermittent times of less or no methane discharge. Since cytoplasm-containing specimens of suspension feeder F. wuellerstorfi are almost exclusively found attached to pogonophores, which protrude up to 3 cm above the sediment, and d13C values of bottom-water-dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are not significantly depleted, we conclude that low test d13C values of F. wuellerstorfi are the result of incorporation of heavily 13C-depleted methanotrophic biomass that these specimens feed on rather than because of low bottom water d13CDIC. Alternatively, the pogonophores, which are rooted at depth in the upper sediment column, may serve as a conduit for depleted d13CDIC that ultimately influences the calcification process of F. wuellerstorfi attached to the pogonophoran tube well above the sediment/water interface. The lowest d13C of live specimens of the endobenthic C. neoteretis and C. reniforme are within the range of pore water d13CDIC values, which exceed those that could be due to organic matter decomposition, and thus, in fact, document active methane release in the sediment.

Benthic foraminifera off West Africa (1°N to 32°S)

Recent benthic foraminifera (> 125 µm) were investigated from multicorer samples on a latitudinal transect of 20 stations between 1°N and 32°S along the upper slope off West Africa. Samples were selected from a narrow water depth interval, between 1200 and 1500 m, so that changes in water masses are minimized, but changes in surface productivity are important and the only significant environmental variable. Live (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were counted from the surface sediment down to a maximum of 12 cm. Dead foraminifera were investigated in the top 5 cm of the sediment only. Five live and five dead benthic foraminiferal assemblages were identified using Q-mode principal component analysis, matching distinct primary productivity provinces, characterized by different systems of seasonal and permanent upwelling. Differences in seasonality, quantity, and quality of food supply are the main controlling parameters on species composition and distribution of the benthic foraminiferal faunas. To test the sensitivity of foraminiferal studies based on the uppermost centimeter of sediment only, a comparative Q-mode principal component analysis was conducted on live and dead foraminiferal data from the top 1 cm of sediment. It has been demonstrated that, on the upper slope off West Africa, most of the environmental signals as recorded by species composition and distribution of the 'total' live and dead assemblages, i.e., including live and dead foraminifera from the surface sediment down to 12 cm and 5 cm, respectively, can be extracted from the assemblages in the top centimeter of sediment only. On the contrary, subsurface abundance maxima of live foraminifera and dissolution of empty tests strongly bias quantitative approaches based on the calculation of standing stocks and foraminiferal numbers in the topmost centimeter.

Communities and microhabitats of living benthic foraminifera from the tropical East Atlantic

Living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera were collected with a multicorer from six stations between 2°N and 12°S off West Africa. The foraminiferal communities in the investigated area reflect the direct influence of different productivity regimes, and are characterized by spatially and seasonally varying upwelling activity. At five stations, foraminiferal abundance coincides well with the gradient of surface productivity. However, at one station off the Congo River, the influence of strong fresh water discharge is documented. Although this station lies directly in the center of an upwelling area, foraminiferal standing stocks are surprisingly low. It is suggested that the Congo discharge may induce a fractionation of the organic matter into small and light particles of low nutritional content, by contrast to the relatively fast-sinking aggregates found in the centers of high productivity areas. Quality and quantity of the organic matter seem to influence the distribution of microhabitats as well. The flux of organic carbon to the sea-floor controls the sequence of degradation of organic matter in sediment and the position of different redox fronts. The vertical foraminiferal stratification within sediment closely parallels the distribution of oxygen and nitrate in porewater, and reflects different nutritive strategies and adaptation to different types of organic matter. The epifauna and shallow infauna colonize oxygenated sediments where labile organic matter is available. The intermediate infauna (M. barleeanum) is linked to the zone of nitrate reduction in sediments where epifaunal and shallow infaunal species are not competitive anymore, and must feed on bacterial biomass or on metabolizable nutritious particles produced by bacterial degradation of more refractory organic matter. The deep infauna shows its maximum distribution in anoxic sediments, where no easily metabolizable organic matter is available.

Sibylla Trig-Andriana, seu De virginitate, virginum statu et jure tractatus jucundus : ex jure naturali, divino, canonico & civil,; scriptoribus ecclesiasticis & profanis, in gratiam physicorum, medicorum, theologorum & juridicorum paratus /

"De Linea amoris, sive Commentarius in versiculum glossae ... / authore Henrico Kornmanno ..." ; "De annulo triplici, usitato, sponsalitio, signatorio : tractatus absolutissimus, in tres partes divisus / authore Henrico Kornmanno ..."

Opera diui Laurentij Justiniani venetiarum protopatriarchae

Con portada propia: Lignum vitae ; De disciplina et perfectione ; De spirituali et casto connubio ; Fasciculus amoris ; De trumphali agone ; De interiori conflictu ; De complanctu ecclesiae ; De sermonibus sanctorum ; De corpore Christi ; De vita solitaria ; De contemptu mundi ; De interitu animae ; De regimine praelatorum ; De obedientia ; De humilitate ; De perfection gradibus ; Epistolae

Raccolta di tutti gli antichi poeti latini colla loro versione nell'italiana favella : tomo vigesimonono: contiene le epistole di P. Ovidio Nasone da Ponto; tradotte dal P. Don Massimialno Buzzi. E I remedi d'amore tradotti da Giuseppe Baretti.

Contiene: Contiene: Epistolas / Ovidii Nasonis de Ponto = Le epistole / di P. Ovidio Naone da Ponto ; tradotti dal P. Don Massimiliano Buzzi ... (p. 2-279) ; Remedia Amoris = I Rimed[i] D'amore / tradotti da Giuseppe Baretti (282-347) ; Spiegazioni de passi piu' difficoltosi che S'incontrano nelle Epistole d'Ovidio Nasone da Ponto ... ( p. 349-381) ; Spiegazioni de passi piu' difficoltosi, che S'incontrano nel libro de' rimedi dell' Amore (p. 383-391)

Delitiae poetarum hungaricorum /

Ioannis Filiczku ... Poemata varia, en p. 465, con portadilla propia.

Sibylla TrygAndriana : seu de virginitate, virginum statu & iure tractatus novus & iucundus ... /

"Linea Amoris, sive Commentarius in versiculum gl. Visus, Colloquium, convictus, osucla, factum. in l. 23. ff. ad C. Juliam, de adulteriis / Henrici Kornmanni ..."