929 resultados para Amartya Sen
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El rallye matemático es una prueba donde los alumnos de cursos enteros tienen que resolver unos ejercicios conjuntamente. Se propone con la finalidad de ofrecer una educación matemática que no se aborda con la enseñanza formal. El objetivo de este concurso es organizar el trabajo conjunto entre los alumnos, estimular la creatividad, el pensamiento lateral, la fluidez de ideas, el espíritu crítico, el desarrollo de actitudes de investigación, buscar alternativas, etc. Se realiza un estudio de la prueba realizada en el año 93, se desarrollan los ejercicios propuestos y las soluciones, se analizan los resultados y las respuestas del alumnado, y se hace una evaluación de la prueba a través de cuestionarios realizados a los alumnos y profesores sobre cómo vivieron la misma.
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Resumen basado en el de la publicación
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Limoncocha- Sucumbíos (Ecuador) y Playa Güío- Guaviare (Colombia) son dos comunidades de la Amazonía que han emprendido en los últimos años proyectos de turismo comunitario como una opción alternativa de desarrollo. Ambas comunidades se han visto históricamente afectadas por la lógica petrolera y cocalera respectivamente, y han decidido hacer parte de las orientaciones al desarrollo planteadas por los gobiernos de sus países, donde tienen validez las alternativas de carácter comunitario que propenden por la conservación del medio ambiente. Las especificidades de ambos proyectos permiten que se les analice, principalmente bajo el enfoque teórico de desarrollo humano con base en la expansión de libertades y capacidades humanas que desarrolla el economista Amartya Kumar Sen. Bajo esta concepción opera Naciones Unidas, Organismo Internacional con cuyo apoyo han contado las dos iniciativas. Así, se esboza el contexto de afectación medioambiental y social del petróleo y la coca en las dos regiones, reflexionando sobre la continua anulación en las oportunidades de participación y toma de decisiones, así como sobre el constante deterioro y la poca validez que estas lógicas han dejado frente a la relación autóctona con el entorno, afectando la autonomía comunitaria y el manejo medioambiental en estas comunidades. Finalmente, se explica que los anteriores componentes en la medida que se ven afectados, reducen las libertades y capacidades de las comunidades, elementos indispensables mas no suficientes para la sostenibilidad de sus proyectos turísticos. Concluyendo que los proyectos por sí mismos no revierten esa dificultad en la ampliación de libertades y capacidades, y que tanto la coca como el petróleo alejan a las comunidades de su potencialidad.
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En la actualidad se confrontan dos grandes corrientes alrededor del tema de la definición de la necesidad: la que define la necesidad humana como un valor relativo que depende de opciones individuales y de las posibilidades que cada persona y su familia tienen para adquirirlas en el mercado (corriente liberal); y la que define la necesidad como un proceso determinante de la vida, cuya realización se constituye de esa manera en un derecho humano inalienable, al que debe accederse bajo una distribución equitativa para todos/as los/as miembros de una sociedad, acceso que debe construirse solidariamente para el máximo bien común (corriente solidaria).
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I detta arbete har jag intervjuat fyra kvinnor vilka alla har varit beroende av alkohol eller droger. Mitt syfte har varit att fokusera på dessa missbrukskarriärers brytpunkter, det som lett till att kvinnorna lämnat sitt missbruk. Jag har studerat likheter och skillnader gällande vilka faktorer som varit betydelsefulla för dessa kvinnor under deras väg tillbaka till ett drogfritt och nyktert liv.Jag har i arbetet antagit en narrativ ansats, och kvinnorna och deras historier har getts mycket utrymme i min uppsats. Jag har använt mig av tematiska intervjuer då jag samlat in mitt arbetsmaterial. Jag har försökt att i möjligaste mån låta kvinnornas berättelser genomlysa mitt arbete, och jag hoppas jag gett dem rättvisa.De slutsatser jag kom fram till efter att ha bearbetat mitt insamlade material var att det aldrig var endast en enskild händelse som ledde till att de intervjuade kvinnorna beslutade sig för att lämna missbruket bakom sig. Beslutet föranleddes hos alla kvinnor av flera händelser som tillsammans gjorde att de valde att gå en annan väg.
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The submerged entry nozzle (SEN) is used to transport the molten steel from a tundish to a mould. The main purpose of its usage is to prevent oxygen and nitrogen pick-up by molten steel from the gas. Furthermore, to achieve the desired flow conditions in the mould. Therefore, the SEN can be considered as a vital factor for a stable casting process and the steel quality. In addition, the steelmaking processes occur at high temperatures around 1873 K, so the interaction between the refractory materials of the SEN and molten steel is unavoidable. Therefore, the knowledge of the SEN behaviors during preheating and casting processes is necessary for the design of the steelmaking processes The internal surfaces of modern SENs are coated with a glass/silicon powder layer to prevent the SEN graphite oxidation during preheating. The effects of the interaction between the coating layer and the SEN base refractory materials on clogging were studied. A large number of accretion samples formed inside alumina-graphite clogged SENs were examined using FEG-SEM-EDS and Feature analysis. The internal coated SENs were used for continuous casting of stainless steel grades alloyed with Rare Earth Metals (REM). The post-mortem study results clearly revealed the formation of a multi-layer accretion. A harmful effect of the SENs decarburization on the accretion thickness was also indicated. In addition, the results indicated a penetration of the formed alkaline-rich glaze into the alumina-graphite base refractory. More specifically, the alkaline-rich glaze reacts with graphite to form a carbon monoxide gas. Thereafter, dissociation of CO at the interface between SEN and molten metal takes place. This leads to reoxidation of dissolved alloying elements such as REM (Rare Earth Metal). This reoxidation forms the “In Situ” REM oxides at the interface between the SEN and the REM alloyed molten steel. Also, the interaction of the penetrated glaze with alumina in the SEN base refractory materials leads to the formation of a high-viscous alumina-rich glaze during the SEN preheating process. This, in turn, creates a very uneven surface at the SEN internal surface. Furthermore, these uneven areas react with dissolved REM in molten steel to form REM aluminates, REM silicates and REM alumina-silicates. The formation of the large “in-situ” REM oxides and the reaction of the REM alloying elements with the previously mentioned SEN´s uneven areas may provide a large REM-rich surface in contact with the primary inclusions in molten steel. This may facilitate the attraction and agglomeration of the primary REM oxide inclusions on the SEN internal surface and thereafter the clogging. The study revealed the disadvantages of the glass/silicon powder coating applications and the SEN decarburization. The decarburization behaviors of Al2O3-C, ZrO2-C and MgO-C refractory materials from a commercial Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN), were also investigated for different gas atmospheres consisting of CO2, O2 and Ar. The gas ratio values were kept the same as it is in a propane combustion flue gas at different Air-Fuel-Ratio (AFR) values for both Air-Fuel and Oxygen-Fuel combustion systems. Laboratory experiments were carried out under nonisothermal conditions followed by isothermal heating. The decarburization ratio (α) values of all three refractory types were determined by measuring the real time weight losses of the samples. The results showed the higher decarburization ratio (α) values increasing for MgO-C refractory when changing the Air-Fuel combustion to Oxygen-Fuel combustion at the same AFR value. It substantiates the SEN preheating advantage at higher temperatures for shorter holding times compared to heating at lower temperatures during longer holding times for Al2O3-C samples. Diffusion models were proposed for estimation of the decarburization rate of an Al2O3-C refractory in the SEN. Two different methods were studied to prevent the SEN decarburization during preheating: The effect of an ZrSi2 antioxidant and the coexistence of an antioxidant additive and a (4B2O3 ·BaO) glass powder on carbon oxidation for non-isothermal and isothermal heating conditions in a controlled atmosphere. The coexistence of 8 wt% ZrSi2 and 15 wt% (4B2O3 ·BaO) glass powder of the total alumina-graphite refractory base materials, presented the most effective resistance to carbon oxidation. The 121% volume expansion due to the Zircon formation during heating and filling up the open pores by a (4B2O3 ·BaO) glaze during the green body sintering led to an excellent carbon oxidation resistance. The effects of the plasma spray-PVD coating of the Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) powder on the carbon oxidation of the Al2O3-C coated samples were investigated. Trials were performed at non-isothermal heating conditions in a controlled atmosphere. Also, the applied temperature profile for the laboratory trials were defined based on the industrial preheating trials. The controlled atmospheres consisted of CO2, O2 and Ar. The thicknesses of the decarburized layers were measured and examined using light optic microscopy, FEG-SEM and EDS. A 250-290 μm YSZ coating is suggested to be an appropriate coating, as it provides both an even surface as well as prevention of the decarburization even during heating in air. In addition, the interactions between the YSZ coated alumina-graphite refractory base materials in contact with a cerium alloyed molten stainless steel were surveyed. The YSZ coating provided a total prevention of the alumina reduction by cerium. Therefore, the prevention of the first clogging product formed on the surface of the SEN refractory base materials. Therefore, the YSZ plasma-PVD coating can be recommended for coating of the hot surface of the commercial SENs.
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Denna studie har till syfte att beskriva tre lärares erfarenheter av digitala hjälpmedel inom sfi-undervisningen med fokus riktat på iPad. Studien är kvalitativ och ger svar på frågor kring lärarnas erfarenhet av litteracitetsutveckling, motivation och det individuella arbetet i klassrummet. Metoden omfattas av intervjuer som bygger på tre frågeställningar. Hur upplever lärarna litteracitetsutveckling och motivation hos de studerande vid användning av iPad och ett annat digitalt hjälpmedel? Hur ser lärarna på de enskilda studenternas behov vid användning av iPad och ett annat digitalt hjälpmedel? Vilken utveckling ser lärarna med iPad i framtida perspektiv? . Resultatet har analyserats och diskuterats i relation till tidigare forskning kring litteracitet, digitala hjälpmedel i undervisningen samt en rapport om iPad i skolan. I den första frågeställningen är lärarna överens om att litteracitetsutvecklingen med iPad relateras till vilken nivå de studerande uppnått. Ju lägre skriftspråksutvecklingsnivå ju lämpligare är språkinlärning med iPad som digitalt hjälpmedel. Detta på grund av dess enkla användarvänlighet. Lärarna anser också att enkelheten och den snabba responsen som de studerande får har en motiverande effekt. De som uppnår en högre skriftspråksutvecklingsnivå i svenska och som behöver mer utvecklande skrivövningar använder i föreliggande undersökning dator. I andra frågan diskuteras den individuella aspekten kring användning av iPad. De tre lärarna i studien anser att iPaden är ett bra verktyg och de har positiva erfarenheter om de studerandes individuella arbete och kan på ett enkelt sätt tillgodose individuella önskemål och behov hos de studerande. I den tredje frågan diskuteras iPad i ett framtida perspektiv. De tre lärarna ser iPaden som ett bra verktyg i en vidare utveckling av sfi. De menar att Skolverkets krav tillgodoses på ett lämpligt sätt med detta digitala hjälpmedel.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Adopting the capabilities approach and the terminology that has been respectively developed, we could assume that Amartya Sen’s “capabilities” consist in the actual living that people manage to achieve (“functionings”) as a result of actual free will. Sen’s freedom does not “only [depend on the] mere degree of the presence or absence of coercion or interference (from others)” (Otto and Ziegler 2006) but also on “the range of options a person has in deciding what kind of life to lead” (Dreze and Sen 1995, 10). In his book, Identity and Violence, Sen, without explicitly connecting the capabilities approach with his views on “genuine multiculturalis” (Sen 2007), in fact, introduces this extended conception of freedom in the way we examine identity matters. Since freedom becomes perceptible as the range of options a person has, concerning the kind of life he wishes to live, cultural freedom can be defined through the concept of the multiplicity of belonging. In other words, cultural freedom constitutes itself a capability, which is realized when nothing and no one, not even myself, can tie me down to a kind of cultural rigidity that tends to exclude and marginalize me. This latent connection of “capabilities” with “multiple identities” (Sen 2007) challenges us to search for the contribution Sen’s approach could have in the understanding and confrontation of issues concerning migrants, away from theoretical patterns that overemphasize the cultural otherness as an impediment to inclusion. Besides, Sen himself, without of course focusing exclusively on migrants, has already approached the matter of social exclusion with terms of his capabilities approach (Sen 2000).
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Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Stellungnahme gegen Antisemitismus und für die Judenemanzipation