Redes de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable (RIDS) Reflexiones sobre cuestiones de eficiencia y sustentabilidad.

Resumen Este artículo entrega una reflexión exploratoria en cuanto al papel, creación y funcionamiento de las redes de investigación para el desarrollo sustentable. Con base en algunos estudios e informes de las Naciones Unidas – agenda 21 y en la experiencia de los autores en al creación y trabajo en redes, se discuten algunas recomendaciones consideradas importantes para el funcionamiento sustentable y eficiente de las redes de investigación y otras.

Education for Sustainable Development in Norwegian Geography curricula

In Norway, environmental education (EE) has been part of schools’ curricula since the 1970s. The concept of education for sustainable development (ESD) was introduced after Agenda 21 was introduced at the UN conference on environment and development held in Rio in 1992. The article shows there has been little change in the geography curricula since the concept ESD was introduced, and no important differences are found between curricula for mandatory schooling (classes 1–10) and curricula for upper secondary schools. ESD is mentioned in the geography curricula but without explanation and implementation. Core goals in the general national core curricula may indicate a change to ESD, but they have not been followed in the development of geography curricula in Norway.

Actuaciones para la integración de la movilidad en la agenda local 21 de Calviá, Islas Baleares

Artículo de la revista de Estudios Turísticos sobre las transformaciones urbanísticas para mejorar la calidad urbana y la sostenibilidad en busca de una mejora del modelo turístico del municipio

Modelling the relationship between local logistics management decisions and overall supply chain performance:A research agenda

Supply chains are advocated widely as being the new units for commercial competition and developments have made the sharing of supply chain wide information increasingly common. Most organisations however still make operational decisions intended to maximise local organisational performance. With improved information sharing a holistic focus for operational decisions should now be possible. The development of a pan supply chain performance framework requires an examination of the conditions under which holistic-decisions provide benefits to either the individual enterprise or the complete supply chain. This paper presents the background and supporting methodology for a study of the impact of an overall supply chain performance metric framework upon local logistics decisions and the conditions under which such a framework would improve overall supply chain performance. The methodology concludes a simulation approach using a functionally extended Gensym's e-SCOR model, together with case based triangulation, to be optimum. Copyright © 2007 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Design LED innovation to rejuvenate local food systems and healthy communities : an emerging research agenda

Food Sovereignty (food freedom) is about empowering people to develop their own local food system. Food Sovereignty challenges designers to enable people to innovate the local food system, rather than having a food system which is dictated by corporate interests and failed business ethics. Communities are realising the potential for design to assist in the innovation process, and add strategic value to potentially localise the food system. Design Led Innovation (DLI) offers a strategic framework to address large-scale cultural, systemic and economic changes. The DLI approach empowers communities to take organised action to achieve a healthy, prosperous and happy way of life. DLI can assist with business models in the business world and it is evident this approach can assist with creating social change too. This paper presents on an emerging research agenda aimed to assist designer’s focus from individuals and systems to communities and urban problems. This paper also presents the research proposition that DLI and service design coupled with social entrepreneurial ventures such as local food projects and creative community inventions, have the potential to enable social innovation for healthy and happy communities.

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

BACKGROUND Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study. We aimed to calculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time. METHODS We calculated DALYs as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were calculated for 291 causes, 20 age groups, both sexes, and for 187 countries, and aggregated to regional and global estimates of disease burden for three points in time with strictly comparable definitions and methods. YLLs were calculated from age-sex-country-time-specific estimates of mortality by cause, with death by standardised lost life expectancy at each age. YLDs were calculated as prevalence of 1160 disabling sequelae, by age, sex, and cause, and weighted by new disability weights for each health state. Neither YLLs nor YLDs were age-weighted or discounted. Uncertainty around cause-specific DALYs was calculated incorporating uncertainty in levels of all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, prevalence, and disability weights. FINDINGS Global DALYs remained stable from 1990 (2·503 billion) to 2010 (2·490 billion). Crude DALYs per 1000 decreased by 23% (472 per 1000 to 361 per 1000). An important shift has occurred in DALY composition with the contribution of deaths and disability among children (younger than 5 years of age) declining from 41% of global DALYs in 1990 to 25% in 2010. YLLs typically account for about half of disease burden in more developed regions (high-income Asia Pacific, western Europe, high-income North America, and Australasia), rising to over 80% of DALYs in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1990, 47% of DALYs worldwide were from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, 43% from non-communicable diseases, and 10% from injuries. By 2010, this had shifted to 35%, 54%, and 11%, respectively. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs worldwide in 2010 (up from fourth rank in 1990, increasing by 29%), followed by lower respiratory infections (top rank in 1990; 44% decline in DALYs), stroke (fifth in 1990; 19% increase), diarrhoeal diseases (second in 1990; 51% decrease), and HIV/AIDS (33rd in 1990; 351% increase). Major depressive disorder increased from 15th to 11th rank (37% increase) and road injury from 12th to 10th rank (34% increase). Substantial heterogeneity exists in rankings of leading causes of disease burden among regions. INTERPRETATION Global disease burden has continued to shift away from communicable to non-communicable diseases and from premature death to years lived with disability. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, many communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders remain the dominant causes of disease burden. The rising burden from mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes will impose new challenges on health systems. Regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of understanding local burden of disease and setting goals and targets for the post-2015 agenda taking such patterns into account. Because of improved definitions, methods, and data, these results for 1990 and 2010 supersede all previously published Global Burden of Disease results.

Critérios que definem a agenda e o alinhamento noticioso de um canal regional: estudo de caso da localvisão TV

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.

Inscripción del terrorismo en la agenda gubernamental estadounidense después de los ataques del 11 de septiembre de 2001

Este trabajo se enmarcará en la primera presidencia de George W. Bush y más específicamente entre el 11 de septiembre de 2001 cuando se dio el ataque a las torres gemelas y la invasión a Afganistán el 7 de octubre de este mismo año. En consecuencia lo que se busca con este estudio es demostrar que el gobierno estadounidense se ayuda de herramientas y elementos como la comunicación política, la fijación de agenda y el discurso para la inscripción del concepto terrorismo en la agenda gubernamental. Es así como genera un gran poder de influencia a nivel local logrando que los ciudadanos se tornen hacia el Estado y al mismo tiempo logra apoyo internacional generando el clima perfecto para legitimar la guerra anti-terrorista como una respuesta a los hechos ocurridos.

Nuevas tendencias internacionales de la cooperación internacional y la conservación de la biodiversidad: Afectación local y retos institucionales para su financiamiento

No es un misterio que la cooperación internacional está siendo ampliamente revisada por los donantes, especialmente de Europa y Estados Unidos, debido a las crisis que están sufriendo dichas economías, y que exigen mayor concentración de esfuerzos en resolver los problemas internos y dejar para un segundo plano la Ayuda Oficial para el Desarrollo (AOD). En este contexto, la cooperación para la investigación científica y técnica en materia de biodiversidad se torna en un reto para ser alcanzado a través de los mecanismos tradicionales.Ante esta coyuntura, la incorporación de prácticas de mercadeo en el sector ambiental del país debe ser considerada como una alternativa para que los institutos ambientales de Colombia, logren generar recursos propios y poder así, facilitar el cumplimiento de acuerdos internacionales como las Metas Aichi.

La participación de las personas mayores : apuntes para una agenda de intervenciones gerontológicas.

Resumen tomado de la revista

Beyond tokenism? Community-led planning and rational choices: findings from participants in local agenda-setting at the neighbourhood scale in England

The article confronts some key issues raised in the literature on public participation via a series of interrogatory questions drawn from rational choice theory. These are considered in relation to the design and process of public participation opportunities in planning and wider processes of local governance at the neighbourhood scale. In doing this, the article draws on recent research that has looked in some depth at a form of community-led planning (CLP) in England. The motives and expectations of participants, the abilities of participants, as well as the conditions in which participation takes place are seen as important factors. It is contended that the issues raised by rational choice theory are pertinent to emerging efforts to engage communities. As such, the article concludes that advocates of public participation or community engagement should not be afraid of responding to the challenges posed by questions of motive and reward of participants if lasting and worthwhile participation is to be established. Indeed, questions such as 'what's in it for me?' should be regarded as legitimate, necessary and indeed standard, in order to co-devise meaningful and durable participation opportunities and appropriate institutional environments. However, it is also maintained that wider considerations and capacity questions will also need to be confronted if participation is to become embedded as part of participatory neighbourhood-scale planning.

A formação de agenda de políticas públicas de turismo em âmbito local: os casos de Ouro Preto (MG) e Paraty (RJ)

Esta Tese teve como objetivo geral compreender como se dá a formação de agenda das políticas públicas de turismo em âmbito local, bem como identificar quais são os diferentes atores que influenciam esse processo. Tem como marco teórico a literatura sobre a análise de políticas públicas, especialmente no que se refere ao processo de formação de agenda. Para compreender o objeto da política analisada, também se apresenta como referência para este estudo a literatura sobre turismo e políticas públicas de turismo. A fim de conhecer um caso prático (reconhecidamente importante) sobre como se dá gestão pública local do turismo, analisou-se o Modelo Turístico de Barcelona, do qual foi possível extrair proposições que serviram de referência para a análise de duas cidades brasileiras, Ouro Preto (MG) e Paraty (RJ). A coleta de dados foi realizada in loco e envolveu tanto entrevistas semiestruturadas com importantes atores públicos e privados ligados à atividade turística em cada um dos municípios quanto a análise documental. Ademais, foram utilizados dados secundários, que permitiram complementar os dados primários. As estratégias utilizadas para a interpretação dos dados foram a análise within-case (cada caso em profundidade) e a análise cross-case (entre casos). Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados do estudo indicaram os seguintes fatores como elementos que influenciam a forma como o turismo é considerado pelos governos locais: o grau de dependência da cidade em relação ao turismo, o estágio de desenvolvimento do turismo em cada cidade e a rede de atores que participam da política; a prioridade dada ao tema pelo governo local; e o contexto político. De forma geral foram identificadas três perspectivas sobre como a temática turismo ascende à agenda dos governos locais: o turismo como oportunidade; o turismo como solução para problemas diversos de outras áreas; e o turismo como problema (social e setorial). Em ambos os casos analisados, constatou-se que a rede de atores que participam da política de turismo local é pouco articulada e a interação entre eles (que se dá principalmente por meio do Conselho Municipal de Turismo – caso de Ouro Preto, ou da formatação desse e de outros arranjos - caso de Paraty) não consegue ainda influenciar as políticas públicas. Contudo, assim como foi evidenciado em Paraty, a atuação isolada de algum ator (nesse caso, da iniciativa privada), tem conseguido fazer com que alguns temas sejam considerados como objeto de políticas públicas. Apesar de não haver uma relação clara de causa – efeito, o estudo apresenta evidências de que a atuação dos governos somente em alguns aspectos do turismo, beneficiando a interesses particulares, e a inação em outros, que afetam, sobretudo os interesses dos cidadãos, pode impulsionar um modelo de desenvolvimento turístico desigual, onde os benefícios são concentrados e os custos dispersos.