Dr. Echiel Tschlenow

O. Warburg

Ueber die Zukunft der Cultur von Handelspflanzen in Palästina

Otto Warburg

Ueber die Zukunft der Cultur von Handelspflanzen in Palästina : (Schluss)

O. Warburg

Viod : (Vereinigung jüdischer Organisationen Deutschlands)

Max M. Warburg

Syrien als Wirtschaftsgebiet [Rezension]

Otto Warburg

Bekanntmachung

O. Warburg

Schekelsammlung

O. Warburg

Wolffsohn und Herzl

O. Warburg

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 50 - Korrespondenzen u.a. an die Firma A. L. Stamm & Co (p. I 23, 190-421)

9 Briefe und Beilage zwischen Alfred Sohn-Rethel und Max Horkheimer, 1936-1940 sowie Briefwechsel mit Joan M. Levi; 6 Briefe zwischen Joan M. Levi und Max Horkheimer, 1940; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Assistac Westcent, 25.06.1937; 1 Brief von John MacMurray an Walter Adams, 19.05.1937; 1 Brief von Walter Adams an Theodor W. Adorno, 01.06.1937; 2 Briefe zwischen Charles Somlo & Co und Max Horkheimer, 06.06.1939, 12.09.139; 1 Brief von Martin Sommerfeld an Max Horkheimer, 29.05.1934; 3 Briefe von Josef Sondek an Max Horkheimer, 1937, 1942; 3 Briefe zwischen Elsa Sontheimer, Max Sontheimer und Max Horkheimer, Februar 1940, 07.03.1940; 1 Drucksache von der The Southard School an Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief von der Soziologischen Verlagsanstalt an Gertrud Janosi, 20.07.1931; 9 Briefe zwsichen Maurice J. Speiser und Max Horkheimer, 1936-1948; 2 Briefe zwischen de Spengler und Max Horkheimer, 30.11.1936, 27.01.1937; 5 Briefe zwischen Sterling D. Spero und Max Horkheimer, 1936-1937; 1 Lebenslauf von Herbert Spielberg; 1 Brief und 2 Beilagen von René A. Spitz an Max Horkheimer, 23.06.1938; 2 Briefe von Elsa Spriesterbach an Max Horkheimer, Juli 1949; 1 Brief von Ida M. Stadie an Max Horkheimer, 21.05.1937; 20 Rechnungen von A. L. Stamm & Co an Max Horkheimer, 1938-1939; 1 Brief von Rose Horkheimer an A. L. Stamm und Co, 28.09.1938; 1 Betriebsanleitung und 1 Auslieferugnsschein für Max Horkheimer vom Standard Air Conditioning, 03.03.1936; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Standard Air Conditioning, 28.03.1936; 5 Briefe zwischen Taylor Starck und Max Horkheimer, 1943; 8 Briefe zwischen Hans Staudinger und Max Horkheimer, 1937, 1943; 1 Briefauszug und Beilage von Paul Stefan, 1940 sowie Briefwechsel mit Samuel R. Wachtell; 1 Brief von Samuel R. Wachtell an Gertrude Blitz, 23.10.1940; 3 Briefe zwischen Leo Löwenthal und Samuel R. Wachtell, September 1940, 23.10.1940; 1 Brief von Loe Löwenthal an Hermann Kesten, 01.10.1940; 7 Briefe und Beilage zwischen George Stefansky und Max Horkheimer, 1939-1940; 2 Briefe zwischen dem Refugee Section of the American Friends Service Committee und Max Horkheimer, 16.05.1940, 28.05.1940; 3 Briefe zwischen dem Institute of International Education und Max Horkheimer, 09.04.1940, April 1940; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Friess, 01.03.1940; 1 Brief vom Institute of Sociology Malvern und Max Horkheimer, 31.01.1940; 3 Briefe zwischen Stein und Max Horkheimer, 30.11.1934, 1936, 1937; 7 Briefe von Estell A. Stein an Max Horkheimer, 1929, 1937; 1 Brief von Franz Stein an Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief von Friedrich Pollock an Gertrude R. Stein, 22.03.1939; 1 Brief von Leo Stein an Max Horkheimer, 25.07.1944; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Emilia Steinacher, 20.07.1937; 4 Briefe zwischen Friedrich Steinfeld und Max Horkheimer, 1941, 1945; 1 Brief und Beilage von Eugene G. Steinhof an Max Horkheimer; 3 Briefe zwischen Ernst Steinitz und Max Horkheimer, 25.04.1938, April 1938; 2 Briefe zwischen Theodor Steltzer und Eric E. Warburg, 07.03.1948; 4 Brief zwischen Hermine Sterler und Max Horkheimer, 11.09.1939, 1939, 1941; 4 Briefe zwischen Alfred K. Stern und Max Horkheimer, 1938, 1940 sowie 1 Brief und 1 Beilage von Max Gottschalk; 1 Brief von Max Gottschalk an Max Horkheimer; 2 Briefe und 1 Beilage zwischen Erich Stern und Max Horkheimer, 26.02.1937, 17.03.1937; 2 Briefe und Beilage von Eugene I. Stern an Max Horkheimer, 1938; 2 Briefe zwischen Joseph M. Weidberg und Max Horkheimer, 15.07.1938, 29.07.1938; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an das Cooperative Bureau for Teachers, 03.02.1938; 12 Briefe zwischen Günther Stern und Max Horkheimer, 1936, 1938 sowie Briefwechsel mit John Guggenheim Memorial Foundation; 3 Briefe und 1 Beilage zwischen der John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation und Max Horkheimer, 1937; 1 Brief vom Social Research Quarterly an Max Horkheimer, 03.01.1937; 3 Briefe zwischen Hugo Stern und Max Horkheimer, 06.12.1937, Dezember 1937;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 55 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Julien Wavrinek und Walter Benjamin (p. I 26, 1-130)

2 Briefe zwischen Marga Wadsack und Max Horkheimer, 24.08.1937, 29.08.1937; 1 Brief von Gloria H. Wagner an Max Horkheimer, 27.12.1948; 1 Brief von Herta Wagner an Leo Löwenthal, 05.06.1936; 3 Brief und 1 Beilage zwischen Herta Wagner, 12.03.1936, 1936; 8 Brief zwischen Katja Walch-Lux und Max Horkheimer, 1934-1938; 2 Brief zwischen K. Walcher und Max Horkheimer, 07.08.1936, 04.09.1936 sowie Bemerkungen zum Brief von Max Horkheimer; 2 Briefe zwischen Morris Waldman und Max Horkheimer, 17.04.1940, 11.05.1940; 6 Briefe zwischen Sidney Wallach und Max Horkheimer, 1940; 2 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an Waldman; 2 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an Landau; 1 Brief Max Horkheimer an Warburg; 1 Brief von Hans Wallenberg an Leo Löwenthal, 06.05.1940; 1 Brief von Willard W. Waller an Franz Neumann, 28.04.1941; 2 Briefe und 1 Beilage zwischen Hans Waloschek und Max Horkheimer, 04.08.1938, 31.08.1938; 4 Briefe und 2 Beilagen zwischen Emil J. Walter und Max Horkheimer, 1937, 1938; 5 Briefe und 1 Beilage zwischen Hilde Walter und Max Horkheimer, 1937, 1945; 1 Brief von Rose Walter an Max Horkheimer, 16.11.1938; 2 Briefe zwischen Yu-Chuan Wang und Max Horkheimer, 12.10.1936, 09.12.1936; 1 Brief von Rike Wankmüller-Freyh an Max Horkheimer, 06.07.1949; 1 Brief von Ilse Bach an Heinz Wartenberg, 11.11.1940; 1 Brief von Heinz Wartenberg an Richard Bach, 07.02.1941; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Heinz Wartenberg, 11.03.1941; 1 Brief von Richard Bach an Max Horkheimer; 1 Brief von Franz und Hilde Wasem an Max Horkheimer, 16.02.1949; 5 Briefe zwischen Goodwin Watson und Franz Neumann, 1941; 11 Briefe und Notizen zwischen Julien Wavrinek und Max Horkheimer, 1938-1940; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an M. Bruhat; 2 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an Walter Benjamin, 03.05.1940;

Einführung einer gleichmässigen Nomenclatur in der Pflanzen-Geographie

Von Prof Dr. O. Warburg

Ein neuer Kaffeeschädling aus Afrika

von O. Warburg

Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to NOX activation: A novel mechanism to maintain high glycolysis in cancer cells

Increased glycolysis and oxidative stress are common features of cancer cells. These metabolic alterations are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and can be caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, oncogenic signals, loss of tumor suppressor, and tumor tissue hypoxia. It is well established that mitochondria play central roles in energy metabolism, maintenance of redox balance, and regulation of apoptosis. However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that maintain high glycolysis in cancer cells (the Warburg effect) with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress remain to be determined. The major goals of this study were to establish a unique experimental system in which the mitochondrial respiratory function can be regulated as desired, and to use this system to investigate the mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the Warburg effect along with oxidative stress in cancer cells. To achieve these goals, I have established a tetracycline-inducible system in which a dominant negative form of mitochondrial DNA polymerase y (POLGdn) expression could be regulated by tetracycline; thus controlling mitochondrial respiratory function. Using this cell system, I demonstrated that POLGdn expression resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction through decreasing mtDNA content, depletion of mtDNA encoded mRNA and protein expression. This process was mediated by TFAM proteasome degradation. Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by POLGdn expression led to a significant increase in cellular glycolysis and oxidative stress. Surprisingly, mitochondrial dysfunction also resulted in increased NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) enzyme activity, which was shown to be essential for maintaining high glycolysis. Chemical Inhibition of NOX activity by diphenyliodonium (DPI) preferentially impacted the survival of mitochondrial defective cells. The colon cancer HCT116-/- cells that have lost transcriptional regulation of the mitochondrial assembling enzyme SCO2, leading to compromised mitochondrial respiratory function, were found to have increased NOX activity and were highly sensitive to DPI treatment. Ovarian epithelial cells with Ras transformation also exhibited an increase in NOX gene expression and NOX enzyme activity, rendering the cells sensitive to DPI inhibition especially under hypoxic condition. These data together suggest that NOX plays a novel role in maintaining high glycolysis in cancer cells with mitochondrial defects, and that NOX may be a potential target for cancer therapy. ^

Alterations in redox and energy metabolism in Ras-transformed cells: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Increasing attention has been given to the connection between metabolism and cancer. Under aerobic conditions, normal cells predominantly use oxidative phosphorylation for ATP generation. In contrast, increase of glycolytic activity has been observed in various tumor cells, which is known as Warburg effect. Cancer cells, compared to normal cells, produce high levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and hence are constantly under oxidative stress. Increase of oxidative stress and glycolytic activity in cancer cells represent major biochemical alterations associated with malignant transformation. Despite prevalent upregulation of ROS production and glycolytic activity observed in various cancer cells, underlying mechanisms still remain to be defined. Oncogenic signals including Ras has been linked to regulation of energy metabolism and ROS production. Current study was initiated to investigate the mechanism by which Ras oncogenic signal regulates cellular metabolism and redox status. A doxycycline inducible gene expression system with oncogenic K-ras transfection was constructed to assess the role played by Ras activation in any given studied parameters. Data obtained here reveals that K-ras activation directly caused mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation, which appeared to be mechanistically associated with translocation of K-ras to mitochondria and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. K-ras induced mitochondrial dysfunction led to upregulation of glycolysis and constitutive activation of ROS-generating NAD(P)H Oxidase (NOX). Increased oxidative stress, upregulation of glycolytic activity, and constitutive activated NOX were also observed in the pancreatic K-ras transformed cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. Compared to non-transformed cells, the pancreatic K-ras transformed cancer cells with activated NOX exhibited higher sensitivity to capsaicin, a natural compound that appeared to target NOX and cause preferential accumulation of oxidative stress in K-ras transformed cells. Taken together, these findings shed new light on the role played by Ras in the road to cancer in the context of oxidative stress and metabolic alteration. The mechanistic relationship between K-ras oncogenic signals and metabolic alteration in cancer will help to identify potential molecular targets such as NAD(P)H Oxidase and glycolytic pathway for therapeutic intervention of cancer development. ^

Micrométodo para el dosaje de alcohol etílico : (una variante del método fotocolorímetro para el dosaje de alcohol en vinos)

Se propone una modificación del método fotocolorimétrico de Vega y Palleroni para el dosaje del alcohol etílico en vinos, que permite la determinación de cantidades muy pequeñas de alcohol. La modificación que se propone es susceptible de alguna variantes que permitirían el dosaje de cantidades variable de alcohol, En las condiciones de las experiencias que se detallan, el método a sido ajustado de modo de poder dosar el alcohol en una escala de concentraciones variables entre 2.5 y 6.5 micromoles (0.11 y 0.30 mg. de alcohol) en una muestra de 0.1 ml. El método ofrece una precisión considerable, y ha sido aplicado al dosaje de alcohol producido en algunas experiencias manométricas en las condiciones de la técnica convencional de Warburg, y al dosaje de alcohol en sangre. En ambos casos, el método ha satisfecho plenamente los requerimentos de los casos respectivos. Por lo tanto, puede ser aplicado para el estudio de balances de fermentación alcohólica, a los casos de determinación del grado de intoxicación alcohólica que plantea la Medicina Legal, y a otros diversos casos, tales como el dosaje de alcohol en vinagres u otros líquidos de bajo contenido alcohólico.