A stereological comparison of villous and microvillous surfaces in small intestines of frugivorous and entomophagous bats: species, inter-individual and craniocaudal differences

The extents of functional surfaces (villi, microvilli) have been estimated at different longitudinal sites, and in the entire small intestine, for three species of bats belonging to two feeding groups: insect- and fruit-eaters. In all species, surface areas and other structural quantities tended to be greatest at more cranial sites and to decline caudally. The entomophagous bat (Miniopterus inflatus) had a mean body mass (coefficient of variation) of 8.9 g (5%) and a mean intestinal length of 20 cm (6%). The surface area of the basic intestinal tube (primary mucosa) was 9.1 cm2 (10%) but this was amplified to 48 cm2 (13%) by villi and to 0.13 m2 (20%) by microvilli. The total number of microvilli per intestine was 4 x 10(11) (20%). The average microvillus had a diameter of 8 nm (10%), a length of 1.1 microns (22%) and a membrane surface area of 0.32 micron 2 (31%). In two species of fruit bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi and Lisonycteris angolensis), body masses were greater and intestines longer, the values being 76.0 g (18%) and 76.9 g (4%), and 73 cm (16%) and 72 cm (7%), respectively. Surface areas were also greater, amounting to 76 cm2 (26%) and 45 cm2 (8%) for the primary mucosa, 547 cm2 (29%) and 314 cm2 (16%) for villi and 2.7 m2 (23%) and 1.5 m2 (18%) for microvilli. An increase in the number of microvilli, 33 x 10(11) (19%) and 15 x 10(11) (24%) per intestine, contributed to the more extensive surface area but there were concomitant changes in the dimensions of microvilli. Mean diameters were 94 nm (8%) and 111 nm (4%), and mean lengths were 2.8 microns (12%) and 2.9 microns (10%), respectively. Thus, an increase in the surface area of the average microvillus to 0.83 micron 2 (12%) and 1.02 microns 2 (11%) also contributed to the greater total surface area of microvilli. The lifestyle-related differences in total microvillous surface areas persisted when structural quantities were normalised for the differences in body masses. The values for total microvillous surface area were 148 cm2g-1 (20%) in the entomophagous bat, 355 cm2g-1 (20%) in E. wahlbergi and 192 cm2g-1 (17%) in L. angolensis. This was true despite the fact that the insecteater possessed a greater length of intestine per unit of body mass: 22 mm g-1 (8%) versus 9-10 mm g-1 (9-10%) for the fruit-eaters.

Ms. hebr. oct. 83 - Derashot

Vorbesitzer: Eljāqīm Carmoly; Abraham Merzbacher

An sämmtliche Urwähler des 83. Bezirks: In einer Versammlung am 5ten d. M. wurde ein Wahlprogramm mit der Ueberschrift ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Protest von 92 Urwählern des 83. Bezirks gegen ein Wahlprogramm vom 29. Dezember 1848, das zwar im Namen des 83. Bezirks abgefaßt, aber dazu nicht legitimiert ist. Ablehnung der Tendenz besagten Wahlprogramms, nur Abgeordnete der sogenannten Brandenburgischen Fraktion wählen zu lassen

An die Urwähler des 83. Bezirks

In Fraktur

Creating Useful Products From Connecticut's 2000 LIDAR Data Set JHR 08-314 Project 07-2

The State of Connecticut owns a LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data set that was collected in 2000 as part of the State’s periodic aerial reconnaissance missions. Although collected eight years ago, these data are just now becoming ready to be made available to the public. These data constitute a massive “point cloud”, being a long list of east-north-up triplets in the State Plane Coordinate System Zone 0600 (SPCS83 0600), orthometric heights (NAVD 88) in US Survey feet. Unfortunately, point clouds have no structure or organization, and consequently they are not as useful as Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs), digital elevation models (DEMs), contour maps, slope and aspect layers, curvature layers, among others. The goal of this project was to provide the computational infrastructure to create a first cut of these products and to serve them to the public via the World Wide Web. The products are available at http://clear.uconn.edu/data/ct_lidar/index.htm.

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 83 - Empfehlungsschreiben für seinen Bekannten Maurice Marin

veröffentlicht in: Schopenhauer, Arthur : Arthur Schopenhauers sämtliche Werke - München : Piper - Bd. 14 : Der Briefwechsel Arthur Schopenhauers ; 1 (1799 - 1849), Nr. 9;

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 293 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Jürgen Habermas (p. V 83, 144-253)

1 Brief von Eugen Ripp an Max Horkheimer, 1952; 24 Briefe zwischen Professor Jürgen Habermas und Max Horkheimer, 1960-1971; 3 Briefe zwischen Notar Häfele und Max Horkheimer, 1950; 7 Briefe zwischen Professor Georg W. F. Hallgarten und Max Horkheimer, 1959; 35 Briefe zwischen Professor Walter Hallstein und Max Horkheimer, 1946-1967; 8 Briefe zwischen der Staatssekretärin Hildegard Hamm-Brücher und Max Horkheimer, 1968-1969;

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 314 - Ankündigung an Professor Hugo von Meltzl einer geplanten Schopenhauer-Zeichnung des Frankfurter Künstlers Valentin Schertle

u.a.: Schopenhauer-Portraits; Biographie von Hermann Rollett; Rezeption Schopenhauers; Wilhelm Gwinner; Arthur Schopenhauer; Valentin Schertle; Jules Lunteschütz; Angilbert Göbel; Hermann Rollett; Benno Erdmann; Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz;

Ms.Ff.F.Stoltze 3. 83 - Brief von Alfred Friedmann an Friedrich Stoltze

Beiträge zur Frankfurter Latern