Luettelo 3/1 1941 voimassaolleista, kansanhuoltoa koskevista säännöksistä, jotka on julkaistu asetuskokoelmassa

20 x 29 cm

Förteckning över den 3/1 1941 ikraftvarande stadganden rörande folkförsörjningen, vilka publicerats i författningssamlingen

20 x 29 cm

Luettelo 3/1 1941 voimassaolleista, kansanhuoltoa koskevista säännöksistä, jotka on julkaistu asetuskokoelmassa

20 x 29 cm

Tavallinen Mannesmann-Mulag 3 1/2 tonnin kuorma-auto kardaanivedolla

kuv., 24 x 16 cm

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation reduces rat frontal cortex acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) activity

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation induces several behavioral changes. Among these, a decrease in yawning behavior produced by low doses of cholinergic agonists is observed which indicates a change in brain cholinergic neurotransmission after REM sleep deprivation. Acetylcholinesterase (Achase) controls acetylcholine (Ach) availability in the synaptic cleft. Therefore, altered Achase activity may lead to a change in Ach availability at the receptor level which, in turn, may result in modification of cholinergic neurotransmission. To determine if REM sleep deprivation would change the activity of Achase, male Wistar rats, 3 months old, weighing 250-300 g, were deprived of REM sleep for 96 h by the flower-pot technique (N = 12). Two additional groups, a home-cage control (N = 6) and a large platform control (N = 6), were also used. Achase was measured in the frontal cortex using two different methods to obtain the enzyme activity. One method consisted of the obtention of total (900 g supernatant), membrane-bound (100,000 g pellet) and soluble (100,000 g supernatant) Achase, and the other method consisted of the obtention of a fraction (40,000 g pellet) enriched in synaptic membrane-bound enzyme. In both preparations, REM sleep deprivation induced a significant decrease in rat frontal cortex Achase activity when compared to both home-cage and large platform controls. REM sleep deprivation induced a significant decrease of 16% in the membrane-bound Achase activity (nmol thiocholine formed min-1 mg protein-1) in the 100,000 g pellet enzyme preparation (home-cage group 152.1 ± 5.7, large platform group 152.7 ± 24.9 and REM sleep-deprived group 127.9 ± 13.8). There was no difference in the soluble enzyme activity. REM sleep deprivation also induced a significant decrease of 20% in the enriched synaptic membrane-bound Achase activity (home-cage group 126.4 ± 21.5, large platform group 127.8 ± 20.4, REM sleep-deprived group 102.8 ± 14.2). Our results suggest that REM sleep deprivation changes Ach availability at the level of its receptors through a decrease in Achase activity

Chronic imipramine treatment-induced changes in acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) activity in discrete rat brain regions

Cholinergic as well as monoaminergic neurotransmission seems to be involved in the etiology of affective disorders. Chronic treatment with imipramine, a classical antidepressant drug, induces adaptive changes in monoaminergic neurotransmission. In order to identify possible changes in cholinergic neurotransmission we measured total, membrane-bound and soluble acetylcholinesterase (Achase) activity in several rat brain regions after chronic imipramine treatment. Changes in Achase activity would indicate alterations in acetylcholine (Ach) availability to bind to its receptors in the synaptic cleft. Male rats were treated with imipramine (20 mg/kg, ip) for 21 days, once a day. Twenty-four hours after the last dose the rats were sacrificed and homogenates from several brain regions were prepared. Membrane-bound Achase activity (nmol thiocholine formed min-1 mg protein-1) after chronic imipramine treatment was significantly decreased in the hippocampus (control = 188.8 ± 19.4, imipramine = 154.4 ± 7.5, P<0.005) and striatum (control = 850.9 ± 59.6, imipramine = 742.5 ± 34.7, P<0.005). A small increase in total Achase activity was observed in the medulla oblongata and pons. No changes in enzyme activity were detected in the thalamus or total cerebral cortex. Since the levels of Achase seem to be enhanced through the interaction between Ach and its receptors, a decrease in Achase activity may indicate decreased Ach release by the nerve endings. Therefore, our data indicate that cholinergic neurotransmission is decreased after chronic imipramine treatment which is consistent with the idea of an interaction between monoaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission in the antidepressant effect of imipramine

CaV 3.1 and CaV 3.3 account for T-type Ca2+ current in GH3 cells

T-type Ca2+ channels are important for cell signaling by a variety of cells. We report here the electrophysiological and molecular characteristics of the whole-cell Ca2+ current in GH3 clonal pituitary cells. The current inactivation at 0 mV was described by a single exponential function with a time constant of 18.32 ± 1.87 ms (N = 16). The I-V relationship measured with Ca2+ as a charge carrier was shifted to the left when we applied a conditioning pre-pulse of up to -120 mV, indicating that a low voltage-activated current may be present in GH3 cells. Transient currents were first activated at -50 mV and peaked around -20 mV. The half-maximal voltage activation and the slope factors for the two conditions are -35.02 ± 2.4 and 6.7 ± 0.3 mV (pre-pulse of -120 mV, N = 15), and -27.0 ± 0.97 and 7.5 ± 0.7 mV (pre-pulse of -40 mV, N = 9). The 8-mV shift in the activation mid-point was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The tail currents decayed bi-exponentially suggesting two different T-type Ca2+ channel populations. RT-PCR revealed the presence of a1G (CaV3.1) and a1I (CaV3.3) T-type Ca2+ channel mRNA transcripts.

Anthologium epigrammatum Graecorum 3:1

Painovuosi nimekkeestä.

De optimis epistolis commendatitiis ministrorum verbi divini, II. Corinth. III:1,2,3 1

Invokaatio. I.N.J.

Cómo clasificar correctamente su negocio y no fracasar en el intento : Revisión 3.1 adaptada y revisada para Colombia por el DANE

Bogotá Emprende

Réseau de recherche E-Inclusion, thème 3 : Audiovision interactive et adaptable, projet 3.1, rapport final

Le Réseau de recherche E-Inclusion a pour but de permettre à tous les Canadiens d’accéder au contenu informationnel de documents audiovisuels. Le thème 3 du projet, Audiovision interactive et adaptable, avait pour but d'offrir des lignes directrices à l'intention de producteurs de films et d'émissions de télévision concernant le contenu de textes d'audiovision, et de mesurer l'utilité potentielle, pour la production de textes d'audiovision à partir de mots-clés générés dans d'autres contextes.

« Et ils prophétiseront » : la prophétie de Jl 3,1-5 reprise en Ac 2, 17-21 : clé d'interprétation du phénomène pentecostal

Cette présente recherche vise à défendre le point de vue selon lequel le don de l’Esprit dans le récit de la Pentecôte (Ac 2, 1-13) s’interprète principalement comme l’investissement d’une puissance habilitant au témoignage. À cette fin, nous posons l’hypothèse que le contenu d’Ac 2, 17-21 est un axe fondamental de la théologie pneumatique de l’œuvre lucanienne, lequel interprète la manifestation pentecostale dans une perspective prophétique. La démonstration se fait par le biais d’une analyse rédactionnelle d’Ac 2, 17-21, une citation de Jl 3,1-5 insérée dans un discours explicatif de Pierre du phénomène pentecostal. Nous examinons d’abord le lieu d’inscription de ce passage dans l’œuvre lucanienne afin d’évaluer la valeur stratégique de son emplacement (chapitre 1). Nous étudions ensuite l’interprétation que fait Luc de cette prophétie pour en venir à la conclusion qu’il envisage l’intervention de l’Esprit essentiellement dans une perspective d’habilitation à la prophétie (chapitre 2). Nous vérifions cette première conclusion dans l’Évangile de Luc (chapitre 3); puis ensuite dans les Actes des Apôtres (chapitre 4). Nous en arrivons ainsi à établir un parallélisme entre les étapes initiatiques du ministère de Jésus dans le troisième évangile et celui des disciples dans les Actes, pour y découvrir que, dans les deux cas, l’effusion de l’Esprit habilite à l’activité prophétique. Le ministère des disciples s’inscrit de la sorte dans le prolongement de celui du Maître. Nous soutenons, en fait, que tout le discours pneumatique de l’Évangile de Luc converge vers l’effusion initiale de l’Esprit sur les disciples dans le récit pentecostal, d’une part, et que cette effusion jette un éclairage sur l’ensemble de l’œuvre missionnaire des Actes, d’autre part. Bref, le passage explicatif du phénomène pentecostal, en l’occurrence Ac 2, 17-21, met en lumière un axe central des perspectives de Luc sur l’Esprit : Il s’agit de l’Esprit de prophétie. Dans cette optique, l’effusion de l’Esprit à la Pentecôte s’interpréterait essentiellement comme l’investissement du croyant d’une puissance en vue du témoignage.

„Alles hat seine Stunde. Für jedes Geschehen unter dem Himmel gibt es eine bestimmte Zeit“ (Koh 3,1)

Armut/Reichtum, Arbeit, Glück, Tod, Gott und Mensch sowie Zeit – Dies alles sind Themen, die als existentiell bezeichnet werden können. Mit ihnen beschäftigt sich das alttestamentliche Buch Kohelet, das ca. zwischen 250 und 190 v. Chr. entstanden ist. Trotz des Alters dieses Buches behandelt Kohelet Fragen, die hoch aktuell sind: Gibt es einen Gott? Greift dieser ein? Ist Reichtum etwas Erstrebenswertes? Warum mühen wir uns so ab, wenn wir doch sowieso sterben und all das Erarbeitete hinterlassen müssen? Und haben wir überhaupt Entscheidungs- und Handlungsfreiheit? Ist nicht vielleicht sogar alles von Gott bestimmt? Die Fragen hängen eng mit dem eigenen Selbstbild zusammen. Besonders im Jugendalter befindet sich der Mensch auf der Suche nach einer Identität, nach Erkenntnissen und einer eigenen Weltanschauung. Kohelets Fragen gewinnen in dieser Zeit an Relevanz. Das alttestamentliche Buch kann insbesondere in dieser Lebensphase fruchtbar gemacht werden und anregend sein. Es kann Heranwachsende dazu auffordern, das bisherige Selbstbild und die eigene Weltanschauung zu hinterfragen. Aus diesen Überlegungen heraus ergibt sich das Buch Kohelet als wertvoller Gesprächspartner Jugendlicher. Daneben erscheint es auch naheliegend, Jugendliche mit Kohelet ins Gespräch zu bringen, weil der Adressat des Buches nach Schmitz der junge Erwachsene sei (vgl. Schmitz, 2004, S. 325). Obwohl eine Relevanz des Buches für Jugendliche auszumachen ist, kann das Buch Kohelet bisher als „bibeldidaktisches Stiefkind“ (G. Langenhorst, 2004, S. 317) angesehen werden. Vereinzelt finden sich Umsetzungsvorschläge des Buches im Unterricht. In Lehrplänen wird es jedoch kaum aufgegriffen. Hinzu kommt, dass sich kaum Ausführungen dazu finden, wie Jugendliche die Gedanken Kohelets überhaupt verstehen. Aus diesem Grund hat die vorliegende Arbeit das Ziel, dies in Erfahrung zu bringen. Um die Ausgangsfrage zu beantworten, wurde eine empirische Untersuchung der Rezeption durchgeführt. Dabei wurde das Zeitgedicht des Koheletbuches fokussiert, das das menschliche Leben als Ganzes thematisiert und implizit ein Menschenbild entfaltet. Über die Frage der Rezeption durch OberstufenschülerInnen hinaus, möchte die Arbeit auch Rückschlüsse auf eine mögliche Beschäftigung mit Kohelet im Religionsunterricht schließen. Zunächst wird das hier grundgelegte Verständnis von Textrezeption erläutert. Daraufhin wird der Blick auf die Texteinheit gerichtet. Diese wird eingehend exegetisch untersucht, wobei auch die verschiedenen Lesarten thematisiert werden. In einem nächsten Kapitel rücken die SchülerInnen als Adoleszente ins Zentrum, woraufhin die Untersuchung des Dialogs zwischen Text und SchülerInnen und somit der Rezeption vollzogen wird. Den Schluss bildet ein Fazit mit einem Ausblick.

Down-regulation of the CSLF6 gene results in decreased (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucan in endosperm of wheat

(1,3;1,4)-beta-d-Glucan (beta-glucan) accounts for 20% of the total cell walls in the starchy endosperm of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and is an important source of dietary fiber for human nutrition with potential health benefits. Bioinformatic and array analyses of gene expression profiles in developing caryopses identified the CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE F6 (CSLF6) gene as encoding a putative beta-glucan synthase. RNA interference constructs were therefore designed to down-regulate CSLF6 gene expression and expressed in transgenic wheat under the control of a starchy endosperm-specific HMW subunit gene promoter. Analysis of wholemeal flours using an enzyme-based kit and by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography after digestion with lichenase showed decreases in total beta-glucan of between 30% and 52% and between 36% and 53%, respectively, in five transgenic lines compared to three control lines. The content of water-extractable beta-glucan was also reduced by about 50% in the transgenic lines, and the M(r) distribution of the fraction was decreased from an average of 79 to 85 x 10(4) g/mol in the controls and 36 to 57 x 10(4) g/mol in the transgenics. Immunolocalization of beta-glucan in semithin sections of mature and developing grains confirmed that the impact of the transgene was confined to the starchy endosperm with little or no effect on the aleurone or outer layers of the grain. The results confirm that the CSLF6 gene of wheat encodes a beta-glucan synthase and indicate that transgenic manipulation can be used to enhance the health benefits of wheat products.

Pretranslational regulation of the expression of the lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1, l.34) gene by dietary fatty acids in the rat

Although there have been a number of studies of effects of diet and hormones on lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34; LPL) activity and levels of LPL mRNA (Raynolds et al. 1990), there have been no studies which have investigated effects of different dietary fatty acids on LPL gene expression. In the present study male Wistar Albino rats were pair-fed diets containing 50 g fat/kg of different fatty acid composition for 2 weeks. The diets fed were (1) a mixed oil (450 g saturated fatty acids, 420 g monounsaturated fatty acids, 130 g polyunsaturated fatty acids/kg; n 8), (2) maize oil (n 8), or (3) fish oil (n 8). Animals were killed, RNA was extracted from liver and perirenal and epididymal fat pads, and analysed by ‘Northern methodology’. Samples were hybridized to a human cDNA probe for LPL (Gotoda et al. 1989). Two transcripts were identified in epididymai and perirenal adipose tissue which were approximately 3·7 and 1·7 kb in size. The results suggested that (1) fish oil-fed animals had significantly greater production of LPL mRNA in epididymai adipose tissue compared with maize oil-fed animals (P < 0·05), (2) maize oil-fed animals had significantly greater production of LPL mRNA in perirenal fat compared with the other dietary groups (P < 0·05), (3) expression in the liver was not significant. Rats fed on a fish oil diet had significantly reduced plasma triacylglycerol concentrations compared with the mixed-oil group (P < 0·05), but there were no significant differences in plasma cholesterol. The differences in LPL could not be explained directly by the changes in plasma immunoreactive-insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide levels in the three groups.