Selectivity of three aquatic weeds as diet for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

A total of sixty juvenile Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) were fed three species of aquatic weed, namely Azolla filiculoides (water fern), Elodea sp. and Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) to determine which of the weeds will be selectively consumed, and preferred of all. A control group of twenty Nile tilapia was fed compounded feed. The selectivity of the weeds was observed based on their utilization as food source, and Azolla filiculoides was found to be highly utilized, followed by Elodea sp. and the roots of Pistia stratiotes. The growth response of the fish to the diets was found to be highest for fish fed compounded feed followed by Azolla filiculoides and Elodea sp., while Pistia stratiotes produced a negative growth trend. It is therefore postulated that Azolla filiculoides and Pista sp. are good feedstuffs for O. niloticus especially when used together with other feedstuffs

The current distribution of signal and native crayfish in the Broadmead Brook, Wiltshire

Signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) have existed in the upper reaches of Broadmead Brook in Wiltshire since 200 individuals were introduced at West Kington in 1981. The population has expanded upstream and downstream since this introduction, however, giving rise to concerns that it may potentially threaten the native crayfish population further downstream. Signal crayfish can act as a vector of crayfish plague - a disease caused by the fungus Aphanomyces astaci Schikora which results in almost complete mortality to the native, white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes. The native crayfish in Broadmead Brook have not yet succumbed to crayfish plague and are currently free of the disease. However, as signal crayfish appear to out-compete the native species, the native population could still be under threat. In this article, we highlight the findings of previous crayfish surveys on Broadmead Brook and describe work undertaken in summer 2001 to map the current distribution of native and signal crayfish. Finally, options for controlling the spread of signal crayfish are discussed.

Nitrogen and phosphorus forms in water and the food requirements of algae. [Translation from: Wiadomosci Ekologiczne 19 238-244, 1973. ]

When dissolved in water, compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus ought to contain the basic assimilated food requirements for autotrophic plants and therefore autotrophic algae. This article summarises the occurrence of nitrogen in water, how species of algae utilize nitrogen and phosphorus forms for growth and the capacities of algae to adapt to environments of different nutrient wealth. This topic has unquestionable importance not only for the purpose of survival of a species but also in deciding indirectly about the stability of ecosystems.

Waterfowl and their role in lake ecosystems. [Translation from: Wiadomosci Ekologiczne 19, 355-371, 1973.]

We know very little about the role of birds in different ecosystems, despite numerous interesting works of researchers and amateur ornithologist scattered throughout the world. Less attention is paid to freshwater ecosystems because of the difficulties encountered in the experimental methods as well as a lack of interest on behalf of hydrobiologists, for the activities of birds in these ecosystems. This article summarises types and morphoecological forms of waterfowl and their place in the lake ecosystem.

On the feeding of the larvae of Chironomidae during the planktonic period of life [Translation from: Nauch.Dokl.vyssh.Shk.Biol.Nauk 1 19-21, 1965]

It is known that the larvae of Chironomidae in the first stages of life after leaving the egg case, swim for a long time in a body of water. Positive reaction in light, the capability of directed swimming and passive floating in suspension allow the larvae to temporarily carry out a planktonic way of life. This study describes the behaviour of Chironomus dorsalis larvae after leaving the egg case. The feeding of chironomid larvae in the first stages of development was also described.

Contributions to the knowledge of larval development in Cyclops leuckarti Claus [Translation from: Natura, Milano 19, 89-96, 1928]

Taxonomic observations on the larval forms of Cyclops leuckarti are being discussed and compared with Cyclops oithonoides var. hyalina. Observations include Nauplius and Metanauplius stages. The author concludes that specific differences are recognisable even in the nauplius stages.

Epidermis differentiation in Salmo irideus Gilb. development [Translation from: Archo ital.Anat.Embriol. 76, 19-30, 1971]

Recent histochemical and histophysiological research on the skin of fish has posed interesting problems both with regard to the presence of specialized types of cell and with regard to the function of this organ. The present paper intends to study the development and the functional differentiation of the trout's skin, both from the histomorphological and the histochemical point of view. The skin of Salmonids is devoid of specialized cells; the granular cells of Petromyzonti, the serous cells of Selacii and the clavate cells described in many other teleosts and it lacks keratin. As such it can be considered a good working model which can be used to show the eventual histomorphological and histochemical changes occurring both in the transformation from the endovular to the aqueous environment. Histomorphological observations were carried out demonstrate the great structural simplicity of the trout's skin at all stages. The article concludes that glycogen increases greatly when the epidermis thickens and therefore when it becomes necessary to guarantee resistance, amongst which is a support mechanism.

On the classification of lakes and lake-like bodies of the Ukraine [Translation from: Gidrobiologicheskie Zhurnal, Kiev 19(2) 100-101, 1983]

In the Ukraine there are several thousand large, medium and small lakes and lake-like reservoirs, distinguished by origin, salinity, regional position, productivity and by construction a significant number of large and small water bodies, ponds and industrial reservoirs of variable designation. The problem of national systems necessitates the creation of specific schemes and classifications. Classifying into specific types of reservoir by means of suitable specifications is required for planning national measures with the objective of the rational utilisation of natural resources. It is now necessary to consider the present-day characteristics of Ukranian lakes. In the case of the Ukraine it is possible to use two approaches - genetical and ecological. This paper uses the genetical system to classify the lake-like water bodies of the Ukraine.

Investigations of the sand movements in the district of the Elbe estuary [Translation from: Hamburger Kuestenforschung 19, [pages 61-63 only], 1975]

The present work is concerned with the processes of sand movement in the region of the Elbe estuary. In the first part the results of various investigations which have given indications of the regional transport directions are collected together. The interpretation of the results of a large number of continuous current recordings gives a picture of the resulting transport to be expected under the influence of the tides with those current conditions. This partial translation of the original paper provides the summary of this paper the regional distribution of the flood and ebb flow zones.

Fitness 19. Plan de marketing

El siguiente trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de un plan de marketing para la apertura de un centro franquiciado de la empresa Fitness19 en la localidad de Algorta, Getxo. Se trata de una franquicia española que basa su actividad en la instalación de centros deportivos de Fitness “Low Cost”, es decir, de bajo coste para el usuario. Con esto lo que pretenden es diferenciarse del resto de empresas de su sector ofreciendo unos servicios especializados a bajo coste. La filosofía que siguen es la de ofrecer solo fitness, que es lo que realmente busca el cliente, al mejor precio. De esta manera, presentaremos el proyecto, analizaremos el entorno de la empresa (tanto genérico como específico) y su situación interna con el objetivo de definir las amenazas, oportunidades, debilidades y fortalezas que presenta. Para ello examinaremos el ámbito geográfico en el que se planea su implantación y su mercado y detallaremos los servicios que pone a nuestra disposición la franquicia. Una vez realizado este análisis y diagnóstico se procederá a la elaboración de las estrategias de marketing y se detallará un plan de acción y control para su consiguiente aplicación. El objetivo del análisis y la planificación es llevar a cabo la tarea de crear y poner en funcionamiento de forma exitosa el centro franquiciado siguiendo un plan estructurado y preciso. Este plan está diseñado para abarcar todas las estrategias y acciones necesarias desde el momento de creación de la empresa, que será en Mayo de 2015, pasando por la ubicación, obra del local y su apertura hasta la época navideña de ese mismo año. De esta manera se definen en el trabajo dos etapas muy diferentes: etapa preapertura y etapa de actividad.

I. Efforts toward the synthesis of aliphatic iodonium salts. II. Flourine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cyclic and bicyclic systems

The synthesis of iodonium salts of the general formula [C₆H₅IR]⁺X^-, where R is an alkyl group and x- is a stabilizing anion, was attempted. For the choice of R three groups were selected, whose derivatives are known to be sluggish in S_N1 and S_N2 substitutions: cyclopropyl, 7, 7 -dimethyl-1-norbornyl, and 9 -triptycyl. The synthetic routes followed along classical lines which have been exploited in recent years by Beringer and students. Ultimately, the object of the present study was to study the reactions of the above salts with nucleophiles. In none of the three cases, however, was it possible to isolate a stable salt. A thermodynamic argument suggests that this must be due to kinetic instability rather than thermodynamic instability. Only iodocyclopropane and 1-iodoapocamphane formed isolable iododichlorides.

Several methylated 2, 2-difluoronorbornanes were prepared with the intent of correlating fluorine -19 chemical shifts with geometric features in a rigid system. The effect of a methyl group on the shielding of a β -fluorine is dependent upon the dihedral angle; the maximum effect (an upfield shift of the resonance) occurs at 0° and 180°, whereas almost no effect is felt at a dihedral angle of 120°. The effect of a methyl group on a γ -fluorine is to strongly shift the resonance downfield when fluorine and methyl group are in a 1, 3 - diaxial-like relationship. Molecular orbital calculations of fluorine shielding in a variety of molecules were carried out using the formalism developed by Pople; the results are, at best, in modest agreement with experiment.

Actas del I. Congreso Interuniversitario sobre el trabajo fin de grado : Retos y oportunidades del TFG en la sociedad del conocimiento : Bilbo, Bizkaia Aretoa, 2014-V-19/20

Este primer Congreso Interuniversitario sobre el Trabajo Fin de Grado ha supuesto un encuentro y un espacio de reflexión e intercambio de diversas experiencias procedentes de los distintos grados y áreas de conocimiento de las universidades participantes. Esta diversidad se ha manifestado en las temáticas presentadas, que hacen referencia a: normativas de TFG, modalidades de TFG, número de créditos y del peso académico del TFG en cada plan de estudios, enfoques e instrumentos de evaluación, desarrollo de materiales para la elaboración del TFG, guías docentes, defensas del TFG, las plataformas de gestión integral desarrolladas en algunas universidades, etc. También se ha reflexionado sobre las diversas formas de la difusión de los TFG (Open Access, repositorios digitales propios de cada universidad) y la transferencia de conocimiento desde los grados a los distintos sectores de la sociedad, la cultura, economía, tecnología, salud, innovación social, etc.

Audiencias activas y periodismo : V Congreso Internacional de Ciberperiodismo y Web 2.0 : 18-19 de Noviembre, Bizkaia Aretoa (Abandoibarra)

La Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y de la Comunicación a través del Departamento de Periodismo II viene organizando desde hace cuatro años el Congreso Internacional de Ciberperiodismo y Web 2.0, un evento relacionado con el Periodismo e Internet, en general y con la Web 2.0, en particular. Un concepto éste, el de la Web 2.0, en el que el verdadero protagonismo recae en las audiencias. El público se está convirtiendo en el editor de información; es él el que define cómo quiere ver la información; y está constituyendo comunidades en este proceso. La Web 2.0 refuerza la idea del usuario como creador y no sólo como consumidor de medios. Aquellas personas que antes eran clientes de información se convierten paulatinamente en editores, y muchas de las aplicaciones asociadas con la web 2.0 pretenden ayudarles a organizar y publicar sus contenidos.