西双版纳片段化热带雨林植物水分利用效率的边缘效应

本研究利用稳定性碳同位素法，测定了西双版纳城子片断化季雨林和补蚌沟谷雨林7条样线上70个科226种林下植物叶片δ13C值，并以此为表征研究了片断化雨林植物WUE边缘效应，结果表明： 西双版纳热带雨林林下植物叶片δ13C值与世界范围内其他热带雨林的研究结果相近。补蚌样地的植物叶片δ13C值显著低于城子样地植物叶片δ13C值，说明水分条件是植物水分利用效率的主要决定因素。 常绿植物的δ13C值显著低于落叶植物，由此可推知常绿植物的WUE显著低于落叶植物;乔灌草和藤本植物叶片δ13C值也存在显著差异，表现为：藤本＞灌木，乔木＞草本。 方位对边缘效应的影响不容视。东、西、南、北四个方位相比，边缘的产生对四面影响最大，北面最小。森林边缘对植物WUE的影响深度至少进入林内30m。 侵入物种所占比例在林缘较大，而进入林内锐减。有些植物δ13C值与距离显著负相关，说明这些植物对水分条件敏感（如假海桐，木奶果），若小气候条件继续变干，他们有在林缘消失的危险;有些相关不显著（如冬叶、锡金粗叶木、小叶藤黄），则植物对水分条件不敏感，这些物种在边缘产生后对环境条件变化影响不敏感，不会因森林片断化而迅速灭绝。

青海土族、撒拉族HLA2DQA1 和2DQB1 基因多态性探讨

　目的:检测青海土族和撒拉族健康个体HLA2DQA1 和2DQB1 等位基因频率,了解和分析这两个民族的HLA2 DQA1 和2DQB1 基因多态性。方法:用PCR2SSO 方法检测132 名土族和80 名撒拉族健康个体的HLA2DQA1 和2DQB1 的基因多 态性,并将所得结果与国内其他民族的同类资料进行比较。结果:土族和撒拉族在HLA2DQA1 和2DQB1 高频率等位基因分布 上有共同点,也有一定的独特性。这两种民族HLA2DQA1 3 0102 和3 0501 以及DQB1 3 0201、3 0301、3 0402 和3 0602 基因分 布频率上具有显著性差异。结论:土族和撒拉族与北方诸民族的等位基因频率接近,而与其他南方诸民族的差异相对较大。

Suitability of commercially available Bacillus probiotics on growth, survival and production of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.)

Different forms of Bacillus probiotics was assessed in the earthen ponds on tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture. The experiment was designed with three different treatments depending on the mode of application (T1=oral probiotics; T2=spreading probiotics and T3=oral+ spreading probiotics). The shrimp was cultured for 120 days with the stocking density of 6-PL/m².Oral probiotics in the respective ponds were supplied with feeds. Whereas, spreading probiotics was applied to the pond water during pond preparation at 30, 60 and 90 days of culture period. Results of the experiment revealed that, all forms of Bacillus probiotic had effective role to keep the culture environment friendly in terms of mineralization of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content in bottom sediment; holding of water transparency in a congenial state, increasing the density of planktonic biomass and boosting the THB-Vibrio ratio in water and sediment with insignificance (p>0.05) difference between different treatments. Whilst, spreading form of Bacillus pro biotic showed higher weight gain (27.58±1.18g), survival rate (70.75±8.54%) and production (1167.66±109.62 kg/ha) and expected lower FCR (1.81 ±0.06) values with significant difference (p<0.01) with others methods of application, indicated its superiority in tiger shrimp culture.

温度和培养体积对大型溞种群动态和两性生殖影响的研究

研究了5个培养体积(50、100、200、400、1000 mL)和2个温度(20℃、25℃)下大型溞(Daphnia magnaStraus)种群动态和两性生殖的变化,结果表明:(1)在相同培养体积下,随温度升高,大型溞首次抱卵时间缩短、首次产幼溞时间提前。在相同温度下,大型溞首次抱卵体长随培养体积的增大而增大。20℃和25℃下,1000 mL组大型溞首次抱卵体长分别是(2.54±0.02)mm和(2.71±0.01)mm。(2)在一定时间内,大型溞种群数量快速增加。但在较小培养体积下大型溞种群增长明显

Magnetotransport study of MgB2 superconductor

Precise magnetotransport studies of heat and charge carriers in polycrystalline MgB2 show that magnetic fields up to 8 T remarkably influence electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power and thermal conductivity. The superconducting transition temperature shifts from 39 K to 19 K at 8 T as observed on electric signals. The temperature transition width is weakly broadened. Electron and phonon contributions to the thermal conductivity are separated and discussed. The Debye temperature calculated from a phonon drag thermoelectric power component is inconsistent with values derived through other effects.

Wave propagation velocity under a vertically vibrated surface foundation

The ultimate objective of the research conducted by the authors is to explore the feasibility of determining reliable in situ values of soil modulus as a function of strain. In field experiments, an excitation is applied on the ground surface using large-scale shakers, and the response of the soil deposit is recorded through receivers embedded in the soil. The focus of this paper is on the simulation and observation of signals that would be recorded at the receiver locations under idealized conditions to provide guidelines on the interpretation of the field measurements. Discrete models are used to reproduce one-dimensional and three-dimensional geometries. When the first times of arrival are detected by receivers under the vertical impulse, they coincide with the arrival of the P wave; therefore related to the constrained modulus of the material. If one considers, on the other hand, phase differences between the motions at two receivers, the picture is far more complicated and one would obtain propagation velocities, function of frequency and measuring location, which do not correspond to either the constrained modulus or Young's modulus. It is necessary then to conduct more rigorous and complicated analyses in order to interpret the data. This paper discusses and illustrates these points. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Distribution of toxins in various tissues of crucian carp intraperitoneally injected with hepatotoxic microcystins

An acute toxicity experiment was conducted to examine the distribution and depuration of microcystins (MCS) in crucian carp (Carassius aurutus) tissues. Fish were injected intraperitoneally with extracted MCs at a dose of 200 mu g MC-LR (where L = leucine and R = arginine) equivalent/kg body weight. Microcystin concentrations in various tissues and aquaria water were analyzed at 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h postinjection using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Microcystins were detected mainly in blood (3.99% of injected dose at 1 h), liver (1.60% at I h), gonad (1.49% at 3 h), and kidney (0.14% at 48 h). Other tissues, such as the heart, gill, gallbladder, intestine, spleen, brain, and muscle, contained less than 0.1% of the injected MCs. The highest concentration of MCs was found in blood (526-3,753 ng/g dry wt), followed by liver (103-1,656 ng/g dry wt) and kidney (279-1,592 ng/g dry wt). No MC-LR was detectable in intestine, spleen, kidney, brain, and muscle, whereas MC-RR was found in all examined fish tissues, which might result from organ specificity of different MCs. Clearance of MC-RR in brain tissue was slow. In kidney, the MC-RR content was negatively correlated with that in blood, suggesting that blood was important in the transportation of MC-RR to kidney for excretion.

Influence of deep level defects on electrical compensation in semi-insulating InP materials

In this paper, we analyze and compare electrical compensation and deep level defects in semi-insulating ( SI) materials prepared by Fe-doping and high temperature annealing of undoped InP. Influence of deep level defects in the SI-InP materials on the electrical compensation has been studied thermally stimulated current spectroscopy (TSC). Electrical property of the Fe-doped SI-InP is deteriorated due to involvement of a high concentration of deep level defects in the compensation. In contrast, the concentration of deep defects is very low in high temperature annealed undoped SI-InP in which Fe acceptors formed by diffusion act as the only compensation centre to pin the Fermi level, resulting in excellent electrical performance. A more comprehensive electrical compensation model of SI-InP has been given based on the research results.