金环蛇抗菌肽cathelicidin-BF的纯化、基因克隆、结构与功能分析及抗菌机理研究

Cathelicidins是动物体内一个具有多功能的抗菌肽家族，目前仅在哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类和鱼类中有发现。Cathelicidins具有广谱的抗微生物活性，不但对普通革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌以及病毒具有非常强的活性，而且对许多临床耐药微生物同样具有作用。除此之外，cathelicidins具有许多其他生物学活性，如对多种免疫细胞具有趋化作用、诱导肥大细胞脱粒和组织胺释放、调节巨噬细胞转录、促进伤口愈合、诱导血管发生、诱导变异细胞系细胞凋亡和淋巴细胞活化等。 金环蛇（Bungarus fasciatus）属于眼镜蛇科（Elapinae）环蛇属（Bungarus），是一种具有前沟牙的毒蛇，广泛分布于我国广东、广西、福建、江西、海南及云南南部。 在本论文中，我们对金环蛇体内cathelicidins家族抗菌肽cathelicidin-BF进行了一系列研究。 通过凝胶过滤、阳离子交换和反相高压液相三步从金环蛇蛇毒冻干粉中分离纯化得到金环蛇cathelicidins家族抗菌肽，命名为cathelicidin-BF。Edman降解法测定其氨基酸序列为KFFRKLKKSVKKRAKEFFKKPRVIGVSIPF，由30个氨基酸残基组成，ESI-MS测得其分子量为3637.5 Da。 构建了金环蛇毒腺cDNA文库，从中克隆得到了编码cathelicidin-BF前体的cDNA序列。该cDNA序列长度为750 bp，由此推断出的cathelicidin-BF前体由191个氨基酸残基组成，包括信号肽区、保守的cathelin区和成熟肽区三部分。用RT-PCR的方法对cathelicidin-BF的组织表达情况进行了研究，结果表明cathelicidin-BF在金环蛇胃、气管、皮肤、肌肉、心脏、肾脏、肺、脑、小肠、脾脏、肝脏、卵巢、毒腺中均有表达，但各组织表达量存在差异。进化分析表明，金环蛇cathelicidin-BF与鸭嘴兽CATH-3在系统进化树中独立成簇，表明金环蛇与鸭嘴兽有着一定的亲缘关系，这为鸭嘴兽在动物进化中分类地位的确定提供了参考资料。 对cathelicidin-BF可能具有的各种生物学活性进行了研究。Cathelicidin-BF具有广谱的抗微生物活性，对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌均有活性，Cathelicidins是动物体内一个具有多功能的抗菌肽家族，目前仅在哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类和鱼类中有发现。Cathelicidins具有广谱的抗微生物活性，不但对普通革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌以及病毒具有非常强的活性，而且对许多临床耐药微生物同样具有作用。除此之外，cathelicidins具有许多其他生物学活性，如对多种免疫细胞具有趋化作用、诱导肥大细胞脱粒和组织胺释放、调节巨噬细胞转录、促进伤口愈合、诱导血管发生、诱导变异细胞系细胞凋亡和淋巴细胞活化等。 金环蛇（Bungarus fasciatus）属于眼镜蛇科（Elapinae）环蛇属（Bungarus），是一种具有前沟牙的毒蛇，广泛分布于我国广东、广西、福建、江西、海南及云南南部。 在本论文中，我们对金环蛇体内cathelicidins家族抗菌肽cathelicidin-BF进行了一系列研究。 通过凝胶过滤、阳离子交换和反相高压液相三步从金环蛇蛇毒冻干粉中分离纯化得到金环蛇cathelicidins家族抗菌肽，命名为cathelicidin-BF。Edman降解法测定其氨基酸序列为KFFRKLKKSVKKRAKEFFKKPRVIGVSIPF，由30个氨基酸残基组成，ESI-MS测得其分子量为3637.5 Da。 构建了金环蛇毒腺cDNA文库，从中克隆得到了编码cathelicidin-BF前体的cDNA序列。该cDNA序列长度为750 bp，由此推断出的cathelicidin-BF前体由191个氨基酸残基组成，包括信号肽区、保守的cathelin区和成熟肽区三部分。用RT-PCR的方法对cathelicidin-BF的组织表达情况进行了研究，结果表明cathelicidin-BF在金环蛇胃、气管、皮肤、肌肉、心脏、肾脏、肺、脑、小肠、脾脏、肝脏、卵巢、毒腺中均有表达，但各组织表达量存在差异。进化分析表明，金环蛇cathelicidin-BF与鸭嘴兽CATH-3在系统进化树中独立成簇，表明金环蛇与鸭嘴兽有着一定的亲缘关系，这为鸭嘴兽在动物进化中分类地位的确定提供了参考资料。 对cathelicidin-BF可能具有的各种生物学活性进行了研究。Cathelicidin-BF具有广谱的抗微生物活性，对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌均有活性，Cathelicidins是动物体内一个具有多功能的抗菌肽家族，目前仅在哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类和鱼类中有发现。Cathelicidins具有广谱的抗微生物活性，不但对普通革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌以及病毒具有非常强的活性，而且对许多临床耐药微生物同样具有作用。除此之外，cathelicidins具有许多其他生物学活性，如对多种免疫细胞具有趋化作用、诱导肥大细胞脱粒和组织胺释放、调节巨噬细胞转录、促进伤口愈合、诱导血管发生、诱导变异细胞系细胞凋亡和淋巴细胞活化等。 金环蛇（Bungarus fasciatus）属于眼镜蛇科（Elapinae）环蛇属（Bungarus），是一种具有前沟牙的毒蛇，广泛分布于我国广东、广西、福建、江西、海南及云南南部。 在本论文中，我们对金环蛇体内cathelicidins家族抗菌肽cathelicidin-BF进行了一系列研究。 通过凝胶过滤、阳离子交换和反相高压液相三步从金环蛇蛇毒冻干粉中分离纯化得到金环蛇cathelicidins家族抗菌肽，命名为cathelicidin-BF。Edman降解法测定其氨基酸序列为KFFRKLKKSVKKRAKEFFKKPRVIGVSIPF，由30个氨基酸残基组成，ESI-MS测得其分子量为3637.5 Da。 构建了金环蛇毒腺cDNA文库，从中克隆得到了编码cathelicidin-BF前体的cDNA序列。该cDNA序列长度为750 bp，由此推断出的cathelicidin-BF前体由191个氨基酸残基组成，包括信号肽区、保守的cathelin区和成熟肽区三部分。用RT-PCR的方法对cathelicidin-BF的组织表达情况进行了研究，结果表明cathelicidin-BF在金环蛇胃、气管、皮肤、肌肉、心脏、肾脏、肺、脑、小肠、脾脏、肝脏、卵巢、毒腺中均有表达，但各组织表达量存在差异。进化分析表明，金环蛇cathelicidin-BF与鸭嘴兽CATH-3在系统进化树中独立成簇，表明金环蛇与鸭嘴兽有着一定的亲缘关系，这为鸭嘴兽在动物进化中分类地位的确定提供了参考资料。 对cathelicidin-BF可能具有的各种生物学活性进行了研究。Cathelicidin-BF具有广谱的抗微生物活性，对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌均有活性，Cathelicidins是动物体内一个具有多功能的抗菌肽家族，目前仅在哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类和鱼类中有发现。Cathelicidins具有广谱的抗微生物活性，不但对普通革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌以及病毒具有非常强的活性，而且对许多临床耐药微生物同样具有作用。除此之外，cathelicidins具有许多其他生物学活性，如对多种免疫细胞具有趋化作用、诱导肥大细胞脱粒和组织胺释放、调节巨噬细胞转录、促进伤口愈合、诱导血管发生、诱导变异细胞系细胞凋亡和淋巴细胞活化等。 金环蛇（Bungarus fasciatus）属于眼镜蛇科（Elapinae）环蛇属（Bungarus），是一种具有前沟牙的毒蛇，广泛分布于我国广东、广西、福建、江西、海南及云南南部。 在本论文中，我们对金环蛇体内cathelicidins家族抗菌肽cathelicidin-BF进行了一系列研究。 通过凝胶过滤、阳离子交换和反相高压液相三步从金环蛇蛇毒冻干粉中分离纯化得到金环蛇cathelicidins家族抗菌肽，命名为cathelicidin-BF。Edman降解法测定其氨基酸序列为KFFRKLKKSVKKRAKEFFKKPRVIGVSIPF，由30个氨基酸残基组成，ESI-MS测得其分子量为3637.5 Da。 构建了金环蛇毒腺cDNA文库，从中克隆得到了编码cathelicidin-BF前体的cDNA序列。该cDNA序列长度为750 bp，由此推断出的cathelicidin-BF前体由191个氨基酸残基组成，包括信号肽区、保守的cathelin区和成熟肽区三部分。用RT-PCR的方法对cathelicidin-BF的组织表达情况进行了研究，结果表明cathelicidin-BF在金环蛇胃、气管、皮肤、肌肉、心脏、肾脏、肺、脑、小肠、脾脏、肝脏、卵巢、毒腺中均有表达，但各组织表达量存在差异。进化分析表明，金环蛇cathelicidin-BF与鸭嘴兽CATH-3在系统进化树中独立成簇，表明金环蛇与鸭嘴兽有着一定的亲缘关系，这为鸭嘴兽在动物进化中分类地位的确定提供了参考资料。 对cathelicidin-BF可能具有的各种生物学活性进行了研究。Cathelicidin-BF具有广谱的抗微生物活性，对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌均有活性，Cathelicidins是动物体内一个具有多功能的抗菌肽家族，目前仅在哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类和鱼类中有发现。Cathelicidins具有广谱的抗微生物活性，不但对普通革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌以及病毒具有非常强的活性，而且对许多临床耐药微生物同样具有作用。除此之外，cathelicidins具有许多其他生物学活性，如对多种免疫细胞具有趋化作用、诱导肥大细胞脱粒和组织胺释放、调节巨噬细胞转录、促进伤口愈合、诱导血管发生、诱导变异细胞系细胞凋亡和淋巴细胞活化等。 金环蛇（Bungarus fasciatus）属于眼镜蛇科（Elapinae）环蛇属（Bungarus），是一种具有前沟牙的毒蛇，广泛分布于我国广东、广西、福建、江西、海南及云南南部。 在本论文中，我们对金环蛇体内cathelicidins家族抗菌肽cathelicidin-BF进行了一系列研究。 通过凝胶过滤、阳离子交换和反相高压液相三步从金环蛇蛇毒冻干粉中分离纯化得到金环蛇cathelicidins家族抗菌肽，命名为cathelicidin-BF。Edman降解法测定其氨基酸序列为KFFRKLKKSVKKRAKEFFKKPRVIGVSIPF，由30个氨基酸残基组成，ESI-MS测得其分子量为3637.5 Da。 构建了金环蛇毒腺cDNA文库，从中克隆得到了编码cathelicidin-BF前体的cDNA序列。该cDNA序列长度为750 bp，由此推断出的cathelicidin-BF前体由191个氨基酸残基组成，包括信号肽区、保守的cathelin区和成熟肽区三部分。用RT-PCR的方法对cathelicidin-BF的组织表达情况进行了研究，结果表明cathelicidin-BF在金环蛇胃、气管、皮肤、肌肉、心脏、肾脏、肺、脑、小肠、脾脏、肝脏、卵巢、毒腺中均有表达，但各组织表达量存在差异。进化分析表明，金环蛇cathelicidin-BF与鸭嘴兽CATH-3在系统进化树中独立成簇，表明金环蛇与鸭嘴兽有着一定的亲缘关系，这为鸭嘴兽在动物进化中分类地位的确定提供了参考资料。 对cathelicidin-BF可能具有的各种生物学活性进行了研究。Cathelicidin-BF具有广谱的抗微生物活性，对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌均有活性，Cathelicidins是动物体内一个具有多功能的抗菌肽家族，目前仅在哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类和鱼类中有发现。Cathelicidins具有广谱的抗微生物活性，不但对普通革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌、真菌以及病毒具有非常强的活性，而且对许多临床耐药微生物同样具有作用。除此之外，cathelicidins具有许多其他生物学活性，如对多种免疫细胞具有趋化作用、诱导肥大细胞脱粒和组织胺释放、调节巨噬细胞转录、促进伤口愈合、诱导血管发生、诱导变异细胞系细胞凋亡和淋巴细胞活化等。 金环蛇（Bungarus fasciatus）属于眼镜蛇科（Elapinae）环蛇属（Bungarus），是一种具有前沟牙的毒蛇，广泛分布于我国广东、广西、福建、江西、海南及云南南部。 在本论文中，我们对金环蛇体内cathelicidins家族抗菌肽cathelicidin-BF进行了一系列研究。 通过凝胶过滤、阳离子交换和反相高压液相三步从金环蛇蛇毒冻干粉中分离纯化得到金环蛇cathelicidins家族抗菌肽，命名为cathelicidin-BF。Edman降解法测定其氨基酸序列为KFFRKLKKSVKKRAKEFFKKPRVIGVSIPF，由30个氨基酸残基组成，ESI-MS测得其分子量为3637.5 Da。 构建了金环蛇毒腺cDNA文库，从中克隆得到了编码cathelicidin-BF前体的cDNA序列。该cDNA序列长度为750 bp，由此推断出的cathelicidin-BF前体由191个氨基酸残基组成，包括信号肽区、保守的cathelin区和成熟肽区三部分。用RT-PCR的方法对cathelicidin-BF的组织表达情况进行了研究，结果表明cathelicidin-BF在金环蛇胃、气管、皮肤、肌肉、心脏、肾脏、肺、脑、小肠、脾脏、肝脏、卵巢、毒腺中均有表达，但各组织表达量存在差异。进化分析表明，金环蛇cathelicidin-BF与鸭嘴兽CATH-3在系统进化树中独立成簇，表明金环蛇与鸭嘴兽有着一定的亲缘关系，这为鸭嘴兽在动物进化中分类地位的确定提供了参考资料。 对cathelicidin-BF可能具有的各种生物学活性进行了研究。Cathelicidin-BF具有广谱的抗微生物活性，对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌均有活性，其中包括大量临床分离耐药菌株。Cathelicidin-BF对革兰氏阴性细菌的活性要强于革兰氏阳性细菌，此外对白色念珠菌、毕赤酵母和一些腐生性真菌也具有活性。Cathelicidin-BF的抗氧化活性、溶血活性、凝集素活性、丝氨酸蛋白酶和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂活性、细胞毒性、抗肿瘤活性均不明显。Cathelicidin-BF具有很强的肥大细胞脱颗粒活性。以上结果表明cathelicidin-BF在金环蛇抵御外界病原微生物侵袭的先天免疫反应中可能发挥了重要作用。 利用多种实验方法对cathelicidin-BF的结构和抗菌机理进行了研究。CD和NMR的实验结果表明，在亲水环境中，cathelicidin-BF为无规卷曲的构象；在疏水或模拟细菌细胞质膜的环境中，cathelicidin-BF的N-末端区域具有典型的两亲性α-螺旋构象。杀菌动力学实验结果表明，cathelicidin-BF杀菌作用极其迅速，在浓度大于1×MIC时，在1 min内即可杀死所有细菌，且其杀菌作用是致死性的。扫描电镜结果表明，经过cathelicidin-BF处理的细菌细胞形状发生明显改变，细胞膨胀变形，表面出现大量囊泡状结构。大量细菌细胞破裂溶解，内容物外泄。综合以上结果我们推测：cathelicidin-BF在亲水的环境中为无规卷曲的结构，当通过静电相互作用吸附到细菌细胞质膜上后，由于环境疏水性的增加其N-端转变为两亲性的α-螺旋构象。Cathelicidin-BF的疏水侧插入到细菌细胞质膜内部，亲水侧暴露于细菌细胞质膜表面。随着结合到细菌细胞质膜上的cathelicidin-BF分子不断增加，细菌细胞质膜内陷，最终在细菌细胞质膜上形成孔洞。细菌细胞内容物大量外流，最终导致细菌细胞的死亡。 通过体外和体内多个实验对cathelicidin-BF进行了初步的药理学和药效学研究。Cathelicidin-BF在血清中稳定性较差，容易被血清中各种蛋白酶降解。一定浓度的盐离子能够增强cathelicidin-BF的抗菌活性。动物模型实验表明，cathelicidin-BF对多种细菌引起的小鼠皮肤感染具有很好的治疗效果。Cathelicidin-BF本身所具有的特点及动物模型实验中表现出的极佳的治疗效果使其成为外用抗菌药物开发的优良模板。

若尔盖高原花湖湖滨湿地甲烷排放研究

若尔盖高原湿地位于青藏高原东北部地区，平均海拔3,400-3,600m，是长江和黄河的自然分水区，区内发育了大面积的草本沼泽以及高寒沼泽化草甸、高寒湖泊。由于它所处的位置海拔高、气候波动较大，并处于我国三大自然区的交错过渡带，因而被认为是我国最为典型的脆弱湿地生态系统之一。由于地处偏远、自然环境条件恶劣等多方面的原因，针对若尔盖湿地的科学研究资料一直以来还非常缺乏。本文对国内外近年来在湿地生态系统甲烷排放过程、研究方法，以及关于湿地生态系统甲烷排放的影响因素进行了综述，并采用静态箱－气相色谱法，从湿地环境格局、湿地甲烷排放等方面，对若尔盖高原典型高寒湖泊湖滨不同类型湿地甲烷排放特征进行了研究，并进一步探讨了影响若尔盖高原高寒湖泊湖滨带甲烷排放的因素。得到如下结果：1．若尔盖高原花湖湖滨湿地在植物生长季（6 至8 月），甲烷排放平均速率为0.315 mg·m-2·h-1；不同月份间甲烷排放速率存在差异，分别为：-0.054、0.471、0.493 mg·m-2·h-1。不同类型湿地甲烷排放速率亦表现出差异，两栖蓼（Polygonum amphibium）湿地、滩涂和藏嵩草（Kobresia tibetica）草甸甲烷排放速率分别为：0.464、0.477、0.005mg·m-2·h-1。2．若尔盖高原花湖湖滨湿地甲烷排放速率与土壤10cm 温度显著相关。土壤温度是影响若尔盖高原花湖湖滨不同类型湿地甲烷排放的重要因素之一。随着土壤温度的升高，土壤微生物活性增强，使土壤中的氧消耗加快，氧化还原电位下降，有利于产甲烷菌的生长，从而增加土壤的甲烷产生量。3．地表水位与若尔盖高原花湖湖滨湿地甲烷排放速率相关性不显著。地表水覆盖，使得湿地土壤缺氧状况得到加强，增强了土壤中产甲烷菌的活性，促进甲烷形成，再通过植物、气泡或扩散的形式释放出土壤。但水层的加深，也使土壤中已产生的甲烷在通过气泡或扩散形式穿越水层时，被氧化的量增加，从而减少了甲烷向大气中的排放。4．植被高度以及植被地上生物量与若尔盖高原花湖湖滨带甲烷排放速率的相关性不显著。植物主要通过凋落物以及根系分泌物的输入为产甲烷菌提供基质，并作为土壤与大气之间的甲烷气体交换的传输途径；与其他环境因素共同影响湿地生态系统甲烷排放。The Zoige wetland on the eastern fringe of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, with averagealtitude between 3,400 and 3,600m, is the watershed of Yangtze River and YellowRiver. There are large area of peatland, subalpine meadow and lakes in this region.Due to its high elevation, transitional topology and high fluctuation of climate, theZoige wetlands represent one of the most fragile wetland ecosystems in China. And asa result of remote location and harsh environment conditions, the researches on theZoige wetland are relatively rare, especially the researches on the methane emissionfrom littoral zone of alpine lakes. Variations of methane emission rates as measuredby the method of static chamber – gas chromatography (GC) were detected fromlittoral zone of alpine lake on the Zoige Plateau. Relationships between methaneemission rates and environmental factors were analyzed. It is concluded that:1．The average methane emission rate in the littoral zone of Huahu Lake, ZoigePlateau is 0.315 mg·m-2·h-1, with evident spatial and temporal variations. The littoralzone has different methane effluxes with -0.054, 0.471, and 0.493 mg·CH4·m-2·h-1in June, July and August respectively. Different types of wetland have differentmethane emission rates, with value of 0.464, 0.477, and 0.005 mg·CH4·m-2·h-1 forPolygonum amphibium wetland ( PA ), Shoal ( S ) and Kobresi tibetica meadow ( KT ), respectively.2． The soil temperature at 10cm is significantly correlated with the methane effluxesin littoral zone of Huahu Lake, Zoige Plateau, and which is one of the most important factors influencing the methane emission from this region. The activities of soilmicroorganisms rise under higher soil temperature and increases oxygen consumptionand decreases Eh, which is in favor of the methanogensis, and enhances theproduction of methane in soil.3． The correlation between the standing water and methane effluxes from littoralzone of Huahu Lake is not significant. Because of the standing water, the anaerobicconditions of wetland soil have been enhanced, and are favor to the decomposition oforganic matter. And the anaerobic conditions strengthen the methanogensis’ activities,thus the methane production, which release to the atmosphere by diffusion, ebullitionand aerenchymal plants. With the water level’s increase, more methane produced insoil which is transferred by ebullitions or diffusion are oxidated, thus reduce themethane release to the atmosphere.4． The height and aboveground biomass of vegetation are not significant related tothe methane effluxes from littoral zone of Huahu Lake, Zoige Plateau. The vegetationprovides substrates for methanogensis by litter and root exudates; act as thetransportation way of methane between soil and atmosphere; influence the methaneemission of wetland ecosystems with other environment factors.

形变核179Pt在束γ谱学和重丰中子新核素的合成及其衰变性质研究

本论文分为两部分，分别沿自旋和同位旋自由度开展研究工作。第一部分介绍原子核高自旋态研究的相关背景知识、基础理论等，描述在束γ谱学研究的实验技术和方法，分析和讨论形变核179Pt转动带能级结构的特性，并采用相关理论对其进行分析。通过融合蒸发反应149sm（35cl，P4n）布居奇A核179Pt的高自旋激发态。指认179Pt的组态为1／2-［521］，5／2-［512〕和7／2＋〔633〕的三条转动带。在hco＝0．27 Mev附近，观测到1／2-〔521］带内顺排角动量突然增大，建议该现象是由一对113／2中子发生顺排造成的。另外观察到在7／2＋〔633］带中出现较大的旋称劈裂。建议由于三轴形变加强了波函数中来自几＝1／2轨道的组分，从而导致较大的旋称劈裂的出现。论文第二部分介绍重丰中子核衰变性质研究以及新核素合成、鉴别工作的相关背景知识、理论基础及实验技术。并对相关的研究工作分别进行阐述。通过快中子反应合成并鉴别了新核素19705和新的同核异能素186rnTa，利用γ（x）谱学方法首次建立了19705的部分衰变纲图。测得它们的半衰期分别为2.8士0.6 min和1.50.1 min，并与理论计算结果进行了比较；进行了原子核基态β延发裂变（pDF）的实验研究，经测量首次发现了230Ac的两个pDF事件，测得23OAc的pDF几率为(1.19±0.40)

Kinetic study on the photo-catalytic degradation of pyridine in TiO2 suspension systems

It has been generally agreed that pyridine can be effectively mineralized in aerated TiO2 slurries using near-UV irradiation. The knowledge on the kinetics of the system possesses both practical and theoretical values. The present study, on the base of Langmuir-Hinshewood mechanism, illustrates a pseudo first-order kinetic model of the degradation with the limiting rate constant of 3.004 mg l(-1) min(-1) and equilibrium adsorption constant 2.763 x 10(-2) l mg(-1), respectively. The degradation efficiency in alkali is a little higher than that in acid with a minimum at about pH = 5, which is explained by the formation of acid-pyridine in acidic surrounding together with the amphoteric nature of the TiO2 surface. The promotion of H2O2 on the photo-degradation ties in its supplying proper amount of (OH)-O-. radicals for the inducement stage before surface redox reactions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Molybdenum containing surface complex for olefin epoxidation

Silica-supported molybdenum surface complexes were prepared by the reaction between (N=) Mo(OtBu)(3) and silica via displacement of the tert-butoxy ligands for siloxyls from the silica surface. The structure of the surface molybdenum complexes was well defined by in-situ FT-IR, elemental analysis, H-1 NMR and C-13 CP/MAS NMR techniques. The surface complexes could undergo alcoholysis reaction with CD3OD and CH3OH in the same way as free (N =) Mo(OtBu)(3) and they show high catalytic activity and selectivity in olefin epoxidation. Initial rates up to 24.9 mmol epoxide (mmol Mo)(-1) min(-1) were achieved in the epoxidation of cyclohexene using TBHP as oxidant.

热解吸-气相色谱法测定植物源挥发性有机物

以Tenax-TA、Carboxen 1000和Carbosieve SⅢ为采样管填充料,将植物源挥发性有机物吸附于采样管内,样品通过二次热解吸仪解吸后,随载气进入气相色谱仪,采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)测定,建立了利用二次热解吸仪与气相色谱联用技术测定植物挥发性有机物的分析方法。载气N2流速为30 mL/min,60℃下吹扫吸附管2 min,然后在250℃下解吸吸附管5 min,冷却1 min后,在275℃下解吸聚焦管3 min,样品经传输线进入气相色谱。气相色谱载气N2压力为190 kPa,FID检测器温度280℃;进样口温度225℃;初始柱温40℃,停留5 min,以2℃/min升温至120℃,保留1 min,然后以20℃/min升温至200℃,保留10 min。方法重现性好,精密度高,线性相关系数大于0.99;检出限均低于9×10-9g/L;解吸效率大于96%,适用于植物源挥发性有机物的测定。

湿地植物光合作用向水体供氧能力的试验研究

The results of the examination showed that some wetland plants' leaves and stems above the surface of water have little ability to supply water body with oxygen through roots of themselves while they are photosynthesizing. These plants are calamus(Acorus calamus), cattail(Typha angustifolia), wild rice stem(Zizania caduciflora), Cyoerus alternifokius, and water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes). It means that there is no relationship between these plants' photosynthesis and the breath of root cells. But duckweed(Lemna minor) has a small to raise DO 0.44mg·L -1 in average, while it is photosynthesizing during the examination. Reed(Phragmitas communis) may have a little the to provide oxygen for water body through root of itself while it is photosynthesizing. It raised DO 0.30mg·L -1 in average during the examination.

Counterions in polyelectrolyte multilayers: A vehicle for introducing functionalities

Counterions present at the surface of polyelectrolyte multilayers were utilized for the introduction of charged species into the multilayer via ion exchange. A typical polyelectrolyte multilayer film with Na+ counterions in the outermost layer was immersed in an AgNO3 aqueous solution and the rapid ion-exchange process was complete within 1 min. The silver ions thus introduced were then reduced in situ and silver nanoparticles were produced at the surface of the multilayer assembly. This example demonstrates that the counterions naturally occurring in every polyelectrolyte multilayer film can be a convenient vehicle for the introduction of various functionalities to the film.

Characterization of prolidase activity using capillary electrophoresis with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescence detection and application to evaluate collagen degradation in diabetes mellitus

A new method for prolidase (PLD, EC 3.4.13.9) activity assay was developed based on the determination of proline produced from enzymatic reaction through capillary electrophoresis (CE) with tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(11) [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)] electrochemiluminescence detection (ECL). A detection limit of 12.2 fmol (S/N = 3) for proline, corresponding to 1.22 x 10(-8) units of prolidase catalyzing for 1 min was achieved. PLD activity determined by CE-ECL method was in agreement with that obtained from the classical Chinard's one. CE-ECL showed its powerful resolving ability and selectivity as no sample pretreatmentwas needed and no interference existed. The clinical utility of this method was successfully demonstrated by its application to assay PLD activity in the serum of diabetic patients in order to evaluate collagen degradation in diabetes mellitus (DM). The results indicated that enhanced collagen degradation occurred in DM.

Application of ceramic carbon materials for solid-phase extraction of organic compounds

Ceramic carbon materials were developed as new sorbents for solid-phase extraction of organic compounds using chlorpromazine as a representative. The macroporosity and heterogeneity of ceramic carbon materials allow extracting a large amount of chlorpromazine over a short time. Thus, the highly sensitive and selective determination of chlorpromazine in urine sample was achieved by differential pulse voltammograms after only 1-min extraction. The total analysis time was less than 3 min. In comparison with other electrochemical and electrochemi-luminescent methods following 1-min extraction, the proposed method improved sensitivity by about 2 and 1 order of magnitude, respectively. The fast extraction, diversity, and conductivity of ceramic carbon materials make them promising sorbents for various solid-phase extractions, such as solid-phase microextraction, thin-film microextraction, and electrochemically controlled solidphase extraction. The preliminary applications of ceramic carbon materials in chromatography were also studied.

Studies on enzymological properties of antibody elicited by meso-tetra(alpha, alpha, alpha, alpha-O-phenylacetyl benzene)porphyrin

meso-Tetra (alpha, alpha, alpha, alpha-O-phenylacetyl benzene) porphyrin was used as a complete antigen to elicit monoclonal antibody 1F2 through the immunization and cell fusion techniques. McAb 1F2 obtained was demonstrated very pure by HPLC and MALDI/TOFMS. The retention time of McAb 1F2 was 2. 63 min. The subtype of McAb 1F2 was IgG2a. The relative molecular weight was 156 678. 8. When the McAb 1F2-porphyrin was formed, the maximal absorption of the porphyrin soret region had a redshift from 408 to 416 nm and hyperchromical effect, showing that the antigen-antibody combination was rigid and intense, and the abzyme constancy was high. But compared with HRP, the activity of the abzyme was only 4. 687 5 U/mg and 1. 899 % of that of HRP. Its K-m was 20. 29 mmol/L, k(cat) 396. 82 min(-1), k(cat)/K-m. 1. 955 7 X 10(4) L . mol(-1) . min(-1).

反应挤出条件对PP-g-GMA接枝率、接枝效率和熔体流动速率的影响

用反应挤出法在聚丙烯 (PP)分子链上接枝甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯 (GMA) ,制备功能化聚丙烯 .重点讨论了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度及物料在螺杆中的停留时间等对接枝产物 PP-g-GMA的接枝率、接枝效率和熔体流动速率的影响 .结果表明 ,PP-g-GMA接枝率与加入的单体浓度成正比 ,与引发剂浓度无关 ,反应挤出的适宜温度窗口在 1 95～ 2 3 0℃之间 ,停留时间超过 1 min后接枝率与停留时间无关 ;PP-g-GMA的熔体流动速率与单体浓度成反比 ,与引发剂的用量成正比 ,在反应温度窗口内与反应挤出温度和物料停留时间关系不大 ;单体和引发剂的浓度、反应挤出温度及物料停留时间对 PP-g-GMA的接枝效率无显著影响 .

毛细管电泳安培检测扑热息痛及其水解物

研究了各种电化学预处理条件下碳纤维电极对扑热息痛及水解物(对氨基酚)的电化学行为.确定该体系最佳预处理条件为 0.2 V电位下阳极化1 min,再于-2.0V下阴极化10s.预处理后的碳纤维伏安响应得到明显提高.运用最佳条件并在支持电解质中加入添加剂后,扑热息痛及其水解物在毛细管电泳上获得很好的分离和检测.其中扑热息痛的检测下限为 2.78pg;对氨基酚为 1.84pg.

He, Ne and Ar isotopic composition of Fe-Mn crusts from the western and central Pacific Ocean and implications for their genesis

The noble gas nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios of the upmost layer of Fe-Mn crusts from the western and central Pacific Ocean have been determined. The results indicate that the He and Ar nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios can be classified into two types: low He-3/He-4 type and high He-3/He-4 type. The low He-3/He-4 type is characterized by high He-4 abundances of 191x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) on average, with variable He-4, Ne-20 and Ar-40 abundances in the range (42.8-421)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), (5.40-141)x10(-9)cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), and (773-10976)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), respectively. The high He-3/He-4 samples are characterized by low He-4 abundances of 11.7x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) on average, with He-4, Ne-20 and Ar-40 abundances in the range of (7.57-17.4)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), (110.4-25.5)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) and (5354-9050)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), respectively. The low He-3/He-4 samples have He-3/He-4 ratios (with RIRA ratios of 2.04-2.92) which are lower than those of MORB (R/R-A=8 +/- 1) and Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios (447-543) which are higher than those of air (295.5). The high He-3/He-4 samples have He-3/He-4 ratios (with R/R-A ratios of 10.4-12.0) slightly higher than those of MORB (R/R-A=8 +/- 1) and Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios (293-299) very similar to those of air (295.5). The Ne isotopic ratios (Ne-20/Ne-22 and Ne-21/Ne-22 ratios of 10.3-10.9 and 0.02774-0.03039, respectively) and the Ar-38/Ar-36 ratios (0.1886-0.1963) have narrow ranges which are very similar to those of air (the Ne-20/Ne-22, Ne-21/Ne-22, Ar-38/Ar-36 ratios of 9.80, 0.029 and 0.187, respectively), and cannot be differentiated into different groups. The noble gas nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios, together with their regional variability, suggest that the noble gases in the Fe-Mn crusts originate primarily from the lower mantle. The low He-3/He-4 type and high He-3/He-4 type samples have noble gas characteristics similar to those of HIMU (High U/Pb Mantle)- and EM (Enriched Mantle)-type mantle material, respectively. The low He-3/He-4 type samples with HIMU-type noble gas isotopic ratios occur in the Magellan Seamounts, Marcus-Wake Seamounts, Marshall Island Chain and the Mid-Pacific Seamounts whereas the high He-3/He-4 type samples with EM-type noble gas isotopic ratios occur in the Line Island Chain. This difference in noble gas characteristics of these crust types implies that the Magellan Seamounts, Marcus-Wake Seamounts, Marshall Island Chain, and the Mid-Pacific Seamounts originated from HIMU-type lower mantle material whereas the Line Island Chain originated from EM-type lower mantle material. This finding is consistent with variations in the Pb-isotope and trace element signatures in the seamount lavas. Differences in the mantle surce may therefore be responsible for variations in the noble gas abundances and isotopic ratios in the Fe-Mn crusts. Mantle degassing appears to be the principal factor controlling noble gas isotopic abundances in Fe-Mn crusts. Decay of radioactive isotopes has a negligible influence on the nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios of noble gases in these crusts on the timescale of their formation.

pCO(2) and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) was investigated in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary, Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004, China. The data show that pCO(2) in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago. The pCO(2) varied from 168 to 2 264 mu atm, which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world. The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m(-2) d(-1) in average of 24.4 +/- 16.5 mmol m(-2) d(-1). Although the area studied was estimated only 2 x 10(4) km(2), it emitted (5.9 +/- 4.0) x 10(3) tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day. The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.