Programação metabólica do testículo pelo tratamento com injeção de leptina em ratos nos primeiros dias de vida

A leptina tem um papel importante na regulação do sistema reprodutivo além de seu papel principal na regulação do peso corporal e ingestão alimentar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de leptina durante o período neonatal na função testicular da prole adulta. Vinte e quatro filhotes de 12 mães foram divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo leptina: injetados com 50 L de leptina (80ng/gPC, subcutânea) nos primeiros 10 dias de vida e Grupo Controle: injetados com o mesmo volume de solução salina. Todos os animais foram sacrificados aos 90 dias de vida. Parâmetros analisados: consumo alimentar, massa corporal, crescimento linear, data de início da puberdade, perfil lipídico, níveis séricos de estradiol e testosterona, expressão gênica (PCR em tempo real) e expressão proteica (Western blot) de ObRa, OBRb, aromatase, AR, ER, morfometria testicular, número, morfologia e viabilidade de espermatozoides. Os dados foram expressos como média erro padrão. A significância estatística foi determinada pelo teste t de Student. A Injeção de leptina levou a uma redução (p≤0,008) no consumo alimentar a partir do dia 26 ao 40 e do dia 70 em diante, enquanto que a massa corporal (p≤0,03) e o crescimento linear (p≤0,05) foram reduzidos do dia 26 até o dia 45. O peso da hipófise (p≤0,0006), hipotálamo (p≤0,01), próstata (p≤0,003), testículo (p≤0,008) e epidídimo (p≤0,004) e bexiga (p≤0,009) foram significativamente reduzidos pela injeção de leptina. A Injeção de leptina adiantou o início da puberdade (C=45,0 0,3; L=41,6 0,3; dias, P≤0,0001). Em relação ao perfil lipídico, a administração de leptina gerou um aumento nos níveis séricos de TG (C= 116,5 15,9; L=172,6 19,7; ng/dL, P≤0,05) e uma redução nos níveis de HDL (C=33 1,5; L = 24 3,5; ng/dL, P≤0,02). Os níveis séricos de testosterona também foram reduzidos pela leptina (C=5,2 1,0; L=1,1 0,3; ng/mL, P≤0,003). Todos os genes avaliados por PCR em tempo real mostraram um aumento na sua expressão: Obra (C=0,32 0,04; L=0,69 0,16; P≤0,04), OBRb (C=0,37 0,06; L=0,71 0,16; P≤0,03), AR (C=0,28 0,02; L=0,71 0,16; P≤0,02), Aromatase (C=0,31 0,04; L=0,53 0,09; P≤0,04), ER-α (C=0,79 0,03; L=0,93 0,03; P≤0,01), ER-β (C=0,29 0,03; L=0,73 0,16; P≤ 0,02). Por outro lado, a expressão proteica de OBR (C=4,4 0,29; L=6,6 0,84; P≤0,05), ER-α (C=0,4 0,02; L=0,6 0,05; P≤0,03) e aromatase (C=0,4 0,03; L=0,5 0,02; P≤0,04) aumentaram, enquanto que a expressão proteica de AR (C=0,16 0,01; L=0,09 0,01; P≤0,009) foi reduzida pela administração de leptina. A análise morfométrica mostrou que a leptina levou a um aumento da área total do túbulo seminífero (C=64,6 3,1; L=56,1 2,1;μm, P≤0,01), aumento da área luminal (C=40,6 2,3; L= 48,7 0,9; μm P≤ 0,004) e na altura do epitélio (C=21,5 1,2; L=24,6 1,1; μm, P≤0,03), enquanto que o comprimento do túbulo seminífero foi reduzido no grupo tratado (C=2200 350; L= 1100 110;cm, P≤0,006). A administração de leptina levou a um aumento no número total de espermatozoides (C=20x107 2x107; L=30x107 5x107;Cls/mL, P≤0,009) e no número de anormalidades (C=40,6 1,9; L=45,8 1,2, P≤0,049). Podemos concluir que a leptina tem um papel importante na morfologia e função testicular. A leptina parece ter efeito direto neste tecido uma vez que a expressão gênica e proteica de OBR, AR, ER e aromatase foram alterados pela administração da leptina.

Workshop and Symposium on Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries: Towards FAO Guidelines on Marine and Inland Small-scale Fisheries, 19-21 September, 2011, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

The workshop and symposium titled Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries: Towards FAO Guidelines on Marine and Inland Small-scale Fisheries was jointly organized by the National Fishworkers’ Forum (NFF) and the Society for Direct Initiative for Social and Health Action (DISHA), in collaboration with the International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF). The workshop was the first in a series of consultations around the world organized to discuss the Voluntary Guidelines on Small-scale Fisheries (VGSSF) and propose measures, keeping in mind the interests and concerns of small-scale fisheries and fishing communities. The workshop was also a forum to make the role of small-scale fisheries and fishworkers more visible in the context of food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable use of fishery resources. The workshop had 62 participants from both the marine and inland sectors, representing 10 States of India. The participants included fishworkers, representatives of fishworker organizations, policymakers and representatives of multilateral organizations. The workshop was structured to facilitate active interaction and discussion among participants, taking into account linguistic diversity and the contextual differences of the marine and inland sectors. This publication will be useful for fishworkers, fishworker organizations, researchers, policymakers, fish farmers, members of civil society and anyone interested in small-scale fisheries and livelihoods.

PICES Press, Vol. 19, No. 1, Winter 2011

•2010 PICES Science: A Note from the Former Science Board Chairman (pp. 1-4) •2010 PICES Awards (pp. 5-7) •The First Year of FUTURE: A Progress Report (pp. 8-13) •New Chairmen in PICES (pp. 14-19) •Pacific Ocean Interior Carbon Data Synthesis, PACIFICA, in Progress (pp. 20-23) •2011 PICES Calendar (p. 23) •Ecosystems 2010: Global Progress on Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management (pp. 24-26) •PICES 2010 Rapid Assessment Survey (pp. 27-29) •PICES Workshop on “An Introduction to Rapid Assessment Survey Methodologies for Application in Developing Countries” (pp. 30-31) •The State of the Western North Pacific in the First Half of 2010 (pp. 32-34) •PICES Interns (p. 34) •The State of the Bering Sea in 2010 (pp. 35-37) •The State of the Northeast Pacific in 2010 (pp. 38-40)

PICES Press, Vol. 19, No. 2, Summer 2011

•The 2011 Inter-sessional Science Board Meeting: A Note from Science Board Chairman (pp. 1-4) •Indicators for Status and Change within North Pacific Marine Ecosystems: A FUTURE Workshop (pp. 5-8) •PICES Calendar (p. 8) •2011 ESSAS Open Science Meeting (pp. 9-13) •The 5th Zooplankton Production Symposium (pp. 14-17) •Workshop on "Individual-Based Models of Zooplankton” (pp. 18-21) •New Book Release on the 100th Anniversary of the T/S Osharu Maru (p. 21) •Workshop on “Advances in Genomic and Molecular Studies of Zooplankton” (pp. 22-24) •Workshop on “Updates and Comparisons of Zooplankton Time Series” (pp. 25-27) •Workshop on “Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Zooplankton” (pp. 28-29) •Workshop on “Automated Visual Plankton Identification” (p. 30) •Professor Plum in the Dining Room with a Knife (p. 31) •PICES and ICES on the River Elbe (p. 32) •The State of the Western North Pacific in the Second Half of 2010 (pp. 33-34) •The Bering Sea: Current Status and Recent Events (pp. 35-37) •Northeast Pacific News (pp. 38-39) •PICES Advice on Marine Ecology at a Canadian Judicial Inquiry (p. 40)

Linking elements of the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) with the planned National Water Quality Monitoring Network. Proceedings from the NOAA-Supported workshop 19-21 September 2005

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in cooperation with the New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium (NJMSC), hosted a workshop at Rutgers University on 19-21 September 2005 to explore ways to link the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) to the emerging infrastructure of the National Water Quality Monitoring Network (NWQMN). Participating partners included the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing Regional Association, U.S. Geological Survey, Rutgers University Coastal Ocean Observing Laboratory, and the New Jersey Sea Grant College. The workshop was designed to highlight the importance of ecological and human health linkages in the movement of materials, nutrients, organisms and contaminants along the Delaware Bay watershed-estuary-coastal waters gradient (hereinafter, the “Delaware Bay Ecosystem [DBE]”), and to address specific water quality issues in the mid-Atlantic region, especially the area comprising the Delaware River drainage and near-shore waters. Attendees included federal, state and municipal officials, coastal managers, members of academic and research institutions, and industry representatives. The primary goal of the effort was to identify key management issues and related scientific questions that could be addressed by a comprehensive IOOS-NWQMN infrastructure (US Commission on Ocean Policy 2004; U.S. Ocean Action Plan 2004). At a minimum, cooperative efforts among the three federal agencies (NOAA, USGS and EPA) involved in water quality monitoring were required. Further and recommended by the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, outreach to states, regional organizations, and tribes was necessary to develop an efficient system of data gathering, quality assurance and quality control protocols, product development, and information dissemination.

植生克雷伯氏菌（Klebsiella planticola 19-1）nifA-like基因的克隆

植生克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella planticola 19-1)是从新疆鄯善地区玉米根际分离得到的一株联合固氮菌。在40℃高温下有较强的乙炔还原活性。 本工作利用Southern Blot分子杂交技术, 以Klebsiella pneumoniae的nifA为探针，证明了在K．planticola 19-1中存在nifA-like基因，由nifH-lacZ实验推论其nifA-like基因产物对高温相对稳定。经过大质粒电泳和Southern Blot分子杂交，发现nifA-like基因定位于染色体外的大质粒上。本工作进一步克隆了含有K．plonticola 19-1的nifA-like基因的DNA片段，做了它的限制性酶切图谱，并将nifA-like基因初步定位。