Agua de reuso e seu efeito sobre parâmetros fisiológicos em manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Análise química e atividades biológicas de Guatteria elliptica R. E. Fries (Annonaceae)

A espécie endêmica G. elliptica R. E. Fries não apresentava estudos fitoquímicos e biológicos detalhados na literatura. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a composição química e as propriedades biológicas dos óleos essenciais, extratos brutos, alcaloides totais, tortas, frações das tortas, amostras isoladas dessa espécie. O material vegetal foi coletado em Paranapiacaba (Santo André, SP, Brasil). O óleo essencial extraído das folhas por destilação à vapor apresentou um rendimento de 0,2%. A análise histológica das folhas encontrou óleo em células oleíferas localizadas no parênquima esponjoso. A composição do óleo (CG-EM) indicou espatulenol e óxido de cariofileno como compostos majoritários. Os alcaloides totais foram obtidos dos extratos brutos das folhas e dos galhos e analisados por CG-EM, identificando quatro aporfinas (nornuciferina, estefarina, corituberina e asimilobina) e duas protoberberinas (discretamina e caseadina). Os alcaloides totais foram fracionados em coluna cromatográfica ou por Extração em Fase Sólida e purificados por cromatografia em camada preparativa, originando duas amostras (Amostra 9 e 10). Na Amostra 9, foram identificados dois alcaloides aporfinicos nornuciferina e asimilobina (CG-EM e RMN-1H). Na Amostra 10, foram identificados (LC-EM/EM) cinco alcaloides aporfínicos (desidronantenina, glaunidina, liriodenina, N-óxido de oliverina e telikovina) e um alcaloide protoberberínico (caseadina). Caseadina, glaunidina, N-óxido de oliverina e telikovina não foram previamente identificados em Guatteria. Os resíduos dos extratos brutos livres de alcaloides foram fracionados pelo método de partição com solventes de polaridade crescente. Os extratos brutos e as frações acetato de etila e butanólicas de folhas e galhos apresentaram flavonoides (NP-PEG). Nos ensaios biológicos, a melhor atividade antioxidante (sequestro do radical DPPH) foi encontrada para a fração clorofórmica dos galhos (EC50=24,25±1,14 µg/mL) e a torta dos galhos (EC50=26,23±4,20 µg/mL). No ensaio antimicrobiano pelo método turbidimétrico a atividade mais importante foi obtida contra Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) para os alcaloides totais dos galhos (CIM/CBM=0,12±0,01/0,26 mg/mL) e das folhas (CIM/CBM=0,21±0,01/0,28 mg/mL), e fração hexânica das folhas (CIM/CBM=0,24±0,02/>1 mg/mL). Uma alta atividade antitumoral foi observada frente a células humanas de mama (MCF-7) para Amostra 10 (IC50=2,28±0,18 µg/mL), fração de acetato de etila das folhas (IC50=4,47±0,40 µg/mL), óleo essencial (IC50=7,01±0,23 µg/mL) e os alcaloides totais das folhas (IC50=9,32±0,36 µg/mL). Para as células de próstata (PC-3), foi encontrada atividade para a Amostra 10 (IC50=1,37±0,36 µg/mL) e o óleo essencial (IC50=5,32±0,35 µg/mL). A futura aplicação dos extratos e frações de G. elliptica como um agente antitumoral parece ser segura, pois mantiveram uma viabilidade celular maior do que 90% no ensaio de citotoxicidade com culturas de fibroblasto murino (BALB/c 3T3, ATCC CCL-163) nas concentrações onde a atividade antitumoral foi promissora (<30 µg/mL) contra MCF-7 e/ou PC-3.

Desenvolvimento de embalagem biodegradável ativa a base de fécula de mandioca e agentes antimicrobianos naturais.

Aliado ao fato dos biomateriais ainda serem pouco explorados pelas indústrias alimentícias, este trabalho propôs o desenvolvimento de embalagens que sejam, além de biodegradáveis, também ativas através do uso de um agente antimicrobiano natural capaz de inibir a proliferação de fungos correntes em produtos de panificação (Penicillium commune e Eurotium amstelodami). Primeiramente, filmes biodegradáveis a base de fécula de mandioca foram elaborados pela técnica de casting, usando açúcares e glicerol como plastificantes. O aumento do conteúdo de glicerol causou diminuição da resistência máxima à tração e elevação dos valores de propriedades de barreira. Numa segunda etapa do trabalho, a introdução de nanopartículas de argila esmectita influenciou positivamente as propriedades de barreira dos filmes, devido à diminuição observada nos valores de permeabilidade ao vapor de água e coeficiente de permeabilidade ao oxigênio. Nesta fase, a variação do conteúdo de glicerol também afetou significativamente as propriedades mecânicas e de barreira dos filmes biodegradáveis. As concentrações inibitórias mínimas dos óleos essenciais de cravo e de canela contra os fungos estudados foram definidas e o óleo essencial de canela foi selecionado, para ser incorporado aos filmes biodegradáveis, em três conteúdos distintos, pois foi o composto que mostrou uma inibição mais eficiente. A atividade antimicrobiana dos filmes biodegradáveis com incorporação de óleo essencial de canela foi testada sobre os micro-organismos escolhidos através de testes de difusão em halo, cujos resultados foram suficientes para demonstrar o potencial ativo da embalagem desenvolvida. Como método alternativo de incorporação do agente antimicrobiano, gás carbônico (CO2) em estado supercrítico foi utilizado como solvente. Os resultados obtidos foram promissores, uma vez que se observou incorporação de agente antimicrobiano dentro da matriz polimérica em quantidade suficiente para inibir a proliferação dos fungos testados.

Avaliação da atividade anti-Helicobacter pylori e citotóxica in vitro de extratos orgânicos obtidos das folhas de Encholirium spectabile e Syzygium cumini

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral, Gram negative, mobile, and microaerophilic bacteria recognized as a major cause of gastritis, ulcer, gastric cancer, and gastric low grade, B cell, mucosa – associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, constituting an important microorganism in medical microbiology. Its importance comes from the difficulty of treatment because the requirement of multiple drugs use, besides the increasing emergence of resistant and multiresistant strains to antibiotics used in th e clinic. In order to expand safe and effective therapeutic options , chemical studies on medicinal plants by obtaining extracts, fractions, isolated compounds or essential oils with some biological activity has been intensified . Given the above, the objective was to evaluate the inhi bitory activity of organic extracts derived from Syzygium cumini and Encholirium spectabile, with antiulcer history, and the essential oil, obtained from S. cumini, against H. pylori (ATCC 43504) by the disk diffusion method, for qualitative evaluation, an d determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution method, for quantitative analysis. Also was evaluated the extracts in vitro toxicity by a hemolytic assay using sheep red blood cells, and VERO and HeLa cells using the MTT assay to analyze cell viability. The extracts of both plant used in antimicrobial assays did not inhibit bacterial growth, however the essential oil of S. cumini (SCFO) proved effective, showing MIC value of 205 μg/mL (0.024 % dilution of the original oil). In the hemolytic assay, the same oil shows moderate toxicity, by promote 25% hemolysis at 1000 μg/mL. Regarding the cytotoxicity in cell culture, the SCFO, at 260 μg/mL, affected the cell viability around 80% of HeLa and 50% of VERO cells. So the oi l obtained from S. cumini leaves has antimicrobial activity against H. pylori and cytotoxicity potential, suggesting a source of new molecule drug candidates, since new stages of toxicity in vitro and in vivo, as well, chemical characterization be evaluate d. Moreover, the development of a prospective drug delivery system can result in a prototype to be used in preclinical tests.

Prospecção química e avaliação biológica de Banisteriopsis laevifolia (Malpighiaceae)

The Banisteriopsis genus is widespread in traditional medicine. This work aims to contribute with information about the chemical composition and on the evaluation of the biological activity of the essential oil, the ethanol extract of the leaves and partitions of the Banisteriopsis laevifolia. The phytochemical screeningtest of ethanol extract and partitions of leaves indicated the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols and steroids compounds. Nitrogenous compounds, characteristic of some species of this family, were not detected. Flavonoids were the predominant metabolite, with the highest concentrations on the partitions ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The antibacterial activity, antifungal and cytotoxicity of the essetial oil, ethanol extract and partitions were assyed by microdilution broth method (MBM), where the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were calculated. The ethanol extract and partitions did not inhibit growth against to Gram positive bacteria tested, with MIC less than 400 mg L-1. For the Gram negative bacteria tested, the hexane and hydroethanol partitios were more effective against F. nucleatum bacteria (MIC 100 ug mL-1). The ethanol extract showed antifungal activity with MIC of 31.2 mg L-1. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol partitions showed MIC 187.5 mg L-1 and 93.7 mg L-1, respectively, arousing interest for isolation studies. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH free radical method. The ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate and n-butanol partitions were active, since they showed EC50 values (4.53 ug mL-1, 4.07 and 8.39 ug mL-1, respectively), values equivalent to the BHT (7.3 mg L-1). The analysis by HPLC-MS/MS of the most active fractions (ethyl acetate and n-butanol) identified phenolic compounds (flavonols and phenolic acids) which exert recognized biological activity. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils from leaves collected in two periods studied (dry and wet), showed a small variation in the number of compounds. The major classes identified for the oil collected in the dry period were aliphatic alcohols (23,4%), terpenoids (18.7%), sterols (10.4%) and long-chain alkanes (9.2%) compounds. Terpenoids (26.8%) were the major class for the rain season. The major compounds (3Z) -hexenol, phytol and untriacontano are present in the two seasons but in different amounts (19.4%, 9.8% and 7.5% during the dry season, and 17.0 %, 14.9% and 15.3% in the rainy season, respectively). The essential oil from rainy season was not effective against to the oral bacteria Gram positive and Gram negative tested. However, showed significant antifungal activity with MIC 1000 mg L-1 against Candidas. Thus, the promising results with respect to biological assays of ethanolic extract and partitions from B. laevifolia contributed to the chemical and biological knowledge of the species B. laevifolia.

Assessment of anticancer properties of essential oils from aromatic plants of the sand dunes of peniche (portugal)

O cancro é um problema de saúde crescente no mundo e é a segunda causa de morte depois das doenças cardíacas. De acordo com a Agência Internacional de Investigação em Cancro (IARC) existem atualmente mais de 10 milhões de casos de cancro por ano no mundo. Os produtos naturais oferecem oportunidades de inovação na descoberta de novos fármacos. Neste sentido, os compostos naturais isolados a partir de plantas medicinais, como potenciais fontes de novas drogas anticancerígenas, têm tido um interesse crescente. Os Óleos Essenciais (OEs) são sintetizados pelas plantas e têm sido estudados pelas suas inúmeras atividades biológicas, incluindo anticancerígena, anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana, antiviral, antioxidante e repelente de insetos. Este estudo tem como objetivos determinar a eficácia de OEs de seis espécies de plantas das dunas de Peniche (Portugal), como potenciais agentes terapêuticos anticancerígenos em linhas celulares de cancro da mama (MCF7) e do colo-rectal (RKO), assim como perceber o mecanismo de ação destes OEs. Neste estudo, partes aéreas de Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima, Crithmum maritimum, Eryngium maritimum, Juniperus turbinata subsp. turbinata, Otanthus maritimus e Seseli tortuosum foram colhidas na praia da Consolação, em Peniche (Portugal), e os seus OEs isolados através de hidrodestilação. A composição química dos OEs foi investigada por cromatografia gasosa (GC) e por cromatografia gasosa com espetrofotometria de massa (GC-MS) e os compostos maioritários foram descritos para cada óleo. Para avaliar a atividade anticancerígena nas linhas celulares MCF7 e RKO, o método MTS (3- (4, 5-dimethyl- 2 -thiazolyl) - 2, 5-dyphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) foi usado e a viabilidade celular avaliada, através de diluições sucessivas, a concentrações iniciais de 5 μL/mL e 1 μL/mL, com diluição de 1:2 e 1:10, respetivamente, comparando com o controlo (DMSO). De todos os OEs testados, a atividade anticancerígena foi descrita, em ambas as linhas celulares, como observado pela diminuição da viabilidade/proliferação celular – exceto o OE Eryngium maritimum a uma concentração inicial de 5 μL/mL.Com o objetivo de avaliar o mecanismo biológico de ação dos OEs, foi realizado um western blot para marcadores relativos ao bloqueio do ciclo celular e apoptose (p53, p21 e caspase 3 clivada), para Seseli tortuosum e Otanthus maritimus. Foi observado um aumento do nível proteína p53 nas células tratadas com estes OEs, sugerindo a indução de stress celular nas células cancerígenas testadas. No entanto, não foi observada caspase 3 clivada, sugerindo que a apoptose não terá sido a causa para a diminuição da viabilidade/proliferação celular observada. Foi ainda observado o aumento da expressão da p21 com os OEs selecionados, sugerindo que o tratamento com OE está associado ao bloqueio do ciclo celular. Para validar estas observações, a análise realizada por FACS, depois do tratamento indica um possível bloqueio do ciclo celular na fase G1. Concluindo, a concentração inicial de 5 μL/mL revelou ser muito tóxica para as linhas celulares testadas. No entanto, a uma concentração final de 1 μL/mL foi demonstrada uma diminuição da viabilidade/proliferação celular para todos os OEs. No estudo preliminar do mecanismo de ação dos OEs, foi demonstrado, face à presença da p21, que os óleos de Seseli tortuosum e Otanthus maritimus atuam bloqueando o ciclo celular. Para comprovar estes resultados, o FACS realizado (apenas no OE de Seseli tortuosum) revelou que este bloqueio pode ocorrer, pelo aumento da percentagem de células observadas, na fase G1. Estes resultados demonstram o interesse destes OEs de Peniche na procura de novos agentes quimo preventivos contra a progressão do cancro da mama e colo-rectal.

Efeito de agentes de controle sobre a qualidade reprodutiva de rainhas de Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) africanizadas

The agriculture with the use of products with less environmental impact is expanding. In it, the producers offer their products without the use of synthetic chemical inputs, solving the phytosanitary problems with the use of biological or alternative control agents such as parasites, predators, entomopathogenic, alternative products, plant extracts and essential oils. These products can be considered safe to non-target organisms, but studies are needed to find these features on natural enemies and on the beneficial insects such as bees, common frequenter of cultures. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the effects of control over reproductive quality queens of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Africanized. For this, it tested the action of control products on the production of A. mellifera queens, using the commercial entomopathogenic fungus Boveril® 1,0x108 (Beauveria bassiana) and aqueous extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) at a concentration of 5% sterile distilled water with Tween (0.01%) and sterile distilled water (controls). The treatments were incorporated into a tissue type gauze, wrapped in an acrylic plate and packed inside minirrecrias type colonies for the production of queens on the day before the transfer of larvae. The next day were introduced battens with 30 domes with larvae to produce queens, so the workers have contacted the agent tested. From the emergence of all the queens, they were monitored to determine the measures of body weight (mg), length and width of wing and abdomen, length, width and height of the chest (mm) as well as the time of emergence of queens. The next step was evaluated the influence of the control agents in production creates, performing measurements of creating areas in cm2 for six straight weeks. It was found that the area creates Queens did not differ among the treatments. Histological analysis of hipofaringeanas of workers glands that came into contact with the control agents and the midgut of virgin queens were also held. Histological analysis differences were observed in the tissues when the treatments were compared with the respective controls.

Potencial do óleo de Aloysia citriodora Palau no controle de fitopatógenos e na indução de resistência ao tombamento de plântulas de feijão, pepino e beterraba

The crops are affected by pests and diseases that decrease productivity. Among them are the damping off of seedlings that can occur in pre and post-emergence. In bean crops, cucumber and beet these diseases occur, being caused by various pathogens, especialy fitopathogenic fungi. Several measures are used for the controle of such diseases, among them, is the chemical seed treatment fungicides. However, society has become increasingly concerned about the quality and food and environmental contamination, generation a growting search for sensitive products to humans and the environment. The use of essential oils to control plant pathogens is an example of alternative tested by science in the search for less aggressive technologies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the use of essential oil Aloysia citriodora, in control of pathogens causing damping off in beans, cucumber and beet. This thesis was divided in four chapters, the introductory first, and the other addressing the control of Pythium sp. in beans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on cucumber, and Fusarium sp. on beet. The methodology consisted of four experiments in each pathosystem, with all the work done at the Federal Technological University of Parana, Campus Dois Vizinhos. In the first experiment evaluated the fungistatic and fungicidal effect of the essential oil of A. citriodora on PDA in vitro in mycelial growth of pathogens studied. In the second experiment evaluated the in vitro effect of essential oil concentrations of A. citriodora in BD medium on microscope slides, on the germination of sporangia Pythium sp. and conidia Fusarium sp., and in Petri dishes with PDA medium, the sclerotia germination speed index of S. sclerotiorum. In the third experiment, we evaluated in germination test in paper roll (PR), the phytotoxic effect or not the use of essential oil concentrations of A. citriodora in dry bean seed, cucumber and beet. The variables used to assess this experiment were the germination percentage, mediun green mass per plant and average length of seedlings. In the fourth experiment we assessed the effect of treating bean seeds, cucumber and beet with essential oil contents of A. citriodora, seeds in their subsequent substrates contamined with pathogens studied, Pythium sp., S. sclerotiorum and Fusarium sp. In this experiment we used the following variables: percentage of emergence, percentage of post-emergence damping off, green average mass per plant, average length per plant and biochemical analyzes. The biochemistry of plant tissues evaluated were as follows: protein content, enzymatic activities of peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-liase (PAL), chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases. The in vitro results show that the essential oil has fungistatic and fungicidal effect on mycelial growth, on sporangia germination, conidia and sclerotia of the pathogens studied in this work, wich may be related to its major components, citral and limonene. The oil also exhibits low phytotoxicity to seeds of the species studied, only in beans decreases germination in most studied dosage (0,25%), cucumber also in the higher dosage (0,25%) reduce the length of seedlings, and beet there were no negative effects to the seedlings. In the test in substrate contaminated with the pathogens, the use of essential oil: increased germination and decreased post emergence damping off of beans seedlings; at a concentration of 0,0625% decreases post emergence damping off in cucumber. In biochemical analyzes found an increase in the enzymatic activity of peroxidases and β-1,3-glucanases on beans, and glucanases on cucumber, and increased enzyme activity of peroxidases on beet, showing action in resistance induction at damping off.

Efeito da adição de óleo essencial de Origanum vulgar e Ocimum gratissimum L. no perfil lipídico da gordura de palma usada em fritura de batata tipo chips

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant effect of essential oregano and alfavaca oil on the fatty acid profile of palm oil, used in industrial potato chips processing, aiming to reduce the oxidative state of palm oil. Essential oregano oil was obtained from industrial residues and commercial essential oregano oil was also acquired. The antioxidant activity of Oregano’s essential oil was taken by DPPH method. The DPPH analysis of the essential oil of oregano residue resulted in an IC50 of 797.04 mg.mL-1 and the essential oil of commercial oregano was 424.25 mg.mL-1. Regarding the content of total phenols, the essential oil of commercial oregano showed 0.167 ± 0.058 ug EAG.g-1. Based on these results, concentrations of 50, 100 e 150ug.g-1 of commercial oregano essential oil was added to palm oil and the fatty acid profile was determined by gas cromatography. Analysis were done with palm oil without being used in frying processes and without added essential oil, as well as with the different essential oil concentrations submitted at three frying processes at one single day. In the second part of the project, the effect of oreganos’s comercial essential oil compared to alfavacão essential oil, at the concentration of 100ug.g-1 in palm oil, and submitted to three frying processes during eleven cycles, was studied. The lipid profile was similar to that described in the literature, which an increase in the number of frying times caused a polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease and, therefore, a proportional increase in saturated fatty acids. It was noted an increase in the amounts of total saturated fatty acids from 43.36% (control) to 43.60% (palm oil with essential oil after 11 frying cycles at the concentration of 100ug.g-1). This fact proves that during the frying process, there is an increase in the rate of formation of saturated fatty acids. However, the addition of oregano essential oil did not provide significant change in the fatty acids of palm oil used in frying process of potato chips. The addition of oregano essential oil in a concentration of 100 ug./mL-1 until the third frying cycle showed a reduction effect of trans fatty acid formation. Although, during 11 frying cycles it was not noticed the essential oil effect under trans fatty acid formation. It can be suggested that this factor may be correlated to the frying time, which may not have been sufficient for significant formation of saturated and trans compounds.

Caracterização química, atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Baccharis oreophila Malme

The Baccharis oreophila Malme belongs to the Asteraceae family. In Brazil are reported 120 species of Baccharis, most located in the South and Southeast regions, the latter presents the highest prevalence, especially in the state of São Paulo. Asteraceae is well known for the production of essential oils, which are liquid, volatile and aromatic substances produced by plants specialized for metabolism possess antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Thus, this study aimed, perform chemical and evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oil from dried leaves of B. oreophila collected in winter in Piraquara, Paraná. Obtaining essential oil was given by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus, in triplicate, and the analysis was done using a gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry GC / MS. The identification of the components was made based on retention indices calculated from the co-injection of a series of n-alkanes, followed by comparison of their mass spectra with literature. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disk diffusion method and microdilution. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods DPPH equivalent Trolox, ABTS and FRAP equivalent Trolox equivalent ferrous sulfate. The essential oil showed 0.47% yield. They identified 57 components (89.38%), 1.51% were classified as hydrogenated monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes 15.14%, 34.84% and 37.87% hydrogenated sesquiterpenes sesquiterpenes oxygenates. As the major components were detected kusimono (16.37%), spathulenol (16.12%), the δ-cadinene (5.68%) and bicyclogermacrene (4.09%). The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was performed for the microorganisms Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC 18804 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803, the results showed that the essential oil showed activity against S. aureus Inhibitory Concentration minimum (CIM) 1250 g/mL. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity essential oil showed antioxidant potential for the three methods evaluated, with values of 1,468 m.mol.L-1, 7.126 m.mol.L-1 and 45.515 m.mol.L-1 for ABTS, DPPH and FRAP, respectively. These results demonstrate that the essential oil of B. oreophila showed antimicrobial potential against S. aureus and interesting antioxidant activity, especially for the reducing power of iron ion, demonstrating their potential for future industrial applications. It is important to emphasize that were not observed in the literature reports highlighting such biological properties of B. oreophila oil.

Técnicas de manejo agropecuário sustentável

The competitiveness in the rural sector and the need to make viable and sustainable property, direct the farmer to seek new production strategies. In this sense, the book Techniques of sustainable agricultural management has as objective contributed information on concepts, management practices, technological innovations, which are applicable in the agricultural production. The same is composed of 13 chapters, topics covered in aquaculture production, management and dairy production, as general aspects of hematology fish; dynamics of decision-making and adaptive flow dairy production systems; importance of performance measures and body biometrics in small ruminants; milk production in beef cows; parasitism in beef cattle; performance of dairy cows in production; efficiency of cross beef cattle in finishing phase; development of Marchangus: five years; and, bovine growth efficiency. In vegetable production area are addressed matters relating on management and olive cultivation, species of great economic importance and diversification as alternative on the property; functional foods in fruit and vegetables; influence of environmental factors, harvesting and drying in the production and composition of essential oils of Mentha spp; and, implication of the contamination of corn grain by mycotoxins in livestock production. At the end of the book, the expectation of the authors is to have contributed with relevant themes of Brazilian agriculture, which could reflect positively on knowledge, values and quality of available material.

Composição química e rendimento de óleo essencial de alecrim pimenta (Lippia sidoides) submetido a dois tipos de extração.

2009

Influência do horário de corte no rendimento de óleo essencial de alfavaquinha e alecrim.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do horário de coleta no rendimento de óleo essencial de alfavaquinha (Ocimum selloi) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). O experimento foi realizado na EMBRAPA Meio Ambiente, localizada no município de Jaguariúna-SP. As plantas foram colhidas no campo experimental da EMBRAPA em cinco diferentes horários (8h30min, 10h30min, 12h30min, 14h30min e 16h30min). Os óleos essenciais das folhas foram extraídos por hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger modificado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, tendo como tratamento os horários de coleta. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o melhor horário para coleta de Ocimum selloi, visando a extração de óleo essencial é no período da manhã, antes das 10h e 30 minutos, e para Rosmarinus officinalis. L. o melhor horário é a partir das 16h e 30 minutos. Para as duas plantas estudadas o menor percentual de óleo essencial foi obtido ás 12h e 30 minutos, não sendo assim recomendado coleta neste horário para extração de óleo essencial.

Atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de alfavaca-de-galinha (Ocimum micranthum Willd) sobre bactérias láticas.

2016

Atividade biológica do óleo essencial de Piper hispidum e Piper hispidinervum.

Piper hispidum e Piper hispidinervum são duas espécies arbustivas pertencentes à família Piperaceae. Essas são plantas aromáticas, e há, na literatura, relatos da atividade antimicrobiana dos seus óleos essenciais (OEs). Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição química dos OEs de ambas as espécies, bem como avaliar suas atividades biológicas.