Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Thermoplastic Random Copolyesters Made from Lipid- Derived Medium and Long Chain Poly (x-hydroxyfatty acid) s

The physical properties of novel thermoplastic random copolyesters [-(CH2)(n)-COO-/-(CH2)(n)-COO-](x) made of long (n=12) and medium (n=8) chain length -hydroxyfatty esters [HO-(CH2)(n)-COOCH3] derived from bio-based vegetable oil feedstock are described. Poly(-hydroxy tridecanoate/-hydroxy nonanoate) P(-Me13-/-Me9-) random copolyesters (M-n=11,000-18,500 g/mol) with varying molar ratios were examined by TGA, DSC, DMA and tensile analysis, and WAXD. For the whole range of P(-Me13-/-Me9-) compositions, the WAXD data indicated an orthorhombic polyethylene-like crystal packing. Their melting characteristics, determined by DSC, varied with composition suggesting an isomorphic cocrystallization behavior. TGA of the P(-Me13-/-Me9-)s indicated improved thermal stability determined by their molar compositions. The glass transition temperature, investigated by DMA, was also found to vary with composition. The crystallinities of P(-Me13-/-Me9-)s however, were unaffected by the composition. The stiffness (Young's modulus) of these materials was found to be related to their degrees of crystallinity. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40492.

Perfil de ácidos graxos e análise sensorial de carne e iogurte de leite de caprinos alimentados com óleos vegetais

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Síntese de nanocatalisador cerâmico a base de SnO2 pelo método hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas aplicado a reação de transesterificação do óleo de babaçu

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of monomeric and polymeric structure on the physical properties of thermoplastic polyesters derived from hydroxy fatty acids

The physical properties of three vegetable oil derived medium and long chain poly(-hydroxy fatty ester)s (P(Me--OHFA)s), namely poly(-hydroxynonanoate) [P(Me--OHC9)], poly(-hydroxytridecanoate) [P(Me--OHC13)] and poly(-hydroxyoctadecanoate) [P(Me--OHC18)] (n = 8, 12 and 17, respectively), of the [-(CH2)(n)-COO-](x) polyester homologous series are presented. The effect of M-n (M-n 10-40 kg mol(-1)) and n on the crystal structure and thermal and mechanical properties of the P(Me--OHFA)s were investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), TGA, DSC, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile analysis and are discussed in the context of the [-(CH2)(n)-COO-](x) polyester homologous series, contrasted with linear polyethylene (PE). For all P(Me--OHFA)s the WAXD data indicated an orthorhombic crystal phase reminiscent of linear PE with crystallinity (X-c = 50%-80%) depending strongly on M-n. The glass transition temperature and Young's modulus for P(Me--OHFA)s increased with X-c. The DSC, DMA and TGA studies for P(Me--OHFA)s (n = 8, 12 and 17) indicated strong correlations between the melting, glass transition and thermal degradation behavior and n. The established predictive structure relationships can be used for the custom engineering of polyester materials suitable for specialty and commodity applications. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry

Seleção de micro-organismos com potencial de biodegradação de hidrocarbonetos e biodiesel

The oil and biodiesel are oily substances which, if spilled or thrown out in the environment, can cause serious damages. In this context, bioremediation techniques can be used to the recovering of sites degradated by mineral or vegetable oil, besides them, the biodegradation. However, it is necessary that there are microorganism strains used to degradate the contaminant, previously selected for the fast, efficient and minimum impact remediation. The main objective of this study was to isolate microorganism strains coming from different ecological recesses and verify their potentiality on biodegradating oil and biodiesel. Strains of bacteria, fungi and yeasts were isolated from soils contaminated by hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, grease) before, by doing striations on culture plates. On the biodegradation tests, it was used the redox indicator, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP), then, after the indicador’s discoloration, the absorbance of the suspension obtained was measured. 46 different microorganism strains were isolated, and the oil, when it was used as a carbon resource, it was degradate easier than the biodiesel. The experiments showed that, in a period, the site impacted by oil spills recovers itself by the biodegradation, in aerobic conditions, by the redox activity.

Stability of a Lipase Extracted from Seeds of Pachira aquatica in Commercial Detergents and Application Tests in Poultry Wastewater Pretreatment and Fat Particle Hydrolysis

A protein extract containing a plant lipase from oleaginous seeds of Pachira aquatica was tested using soybean oil, wastewater from a poultry processing plant, and beef fat particles as substrate. The hydrolysis experiments were carried out at a temperature of 40°C, an incubation time of 90 minutes, and pH 8.0-9.0. The enzyme had the best stability at pH 9.0 and showed good stability in the alkaline range. It was found that P. aquatica lipase was stable in the presence of some commercial laundry detergent formulations, and it retained full activity up to 0.35% in hydrogen peroxide, despite losing activity at higher concentrations. Concerning wastewater, the lipase increased free fatty acids release by 7.4 times and promoted the hydrolysis of approximately 10% of the fats, suggesting that it could be included in a pretreatment stage, especially for vegetable oil degradation.

Produção e qualidade do leite e da carne de caprinos anglo nubianos suplementados com óleos vegetais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Glycerol combined with oils did not limit biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid but reduced methane production in vitro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Maximizing the utility of bio-based diisocyanate and chain extenders in crystalline segmented thermoplastic polyester urethanes: effect of polymerization protocol

High molecular weight semi crystalline thermoplastic poly(ester urethanes), TPEUs, were prepared from a vegetable oil-based diisocyanate, aliphatic diol chain extenders and poly(ethylene adipate) macro diol using one-shot, pre-polymer and multi-stage polyaddition methods. The optimized polymerization reaction achieved ultra-high molecular weight TPEUs (>2 million as determined by GPC) in a short time, indicating a very high HPMDI diol reactivity. TPEUs with very well controlled hard segment (HS) and soft segment (SS) blocks were prepared and characterized with DSC, TGA, tensile analysis, and WAXD in order to reveal structure property relationships. A confinement effect that imparts elastomeric properties to otherwise thermoplastic TPEUs was revealed. The confinement extent was found to vary predictably with structure indicating that one can custom engineer tougher polyurethane elastomers by "tuning" soft segment crystallinity with suitable HS block structure. Generally, the HPMDI-based TPEUs exhibited thermal stability and mechanical properties comparable to entirely petroleum-based TPEUs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purification and characterization of a unique pectin lyase from aspergillus giganteus able to release unsaturated monogalacturonate during pectin degradation

A pectin lyase, named PLIII, was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of Aspergillus giganteus grown in submerged culture containing orange peel waste as carbon source. PLIII was able to digest apple pectin and citrus pectins with different degrees of methyl esterification. Interestingly, the PLIII activity was stimulated in the presence of some divalent cations including Pb(2+) and was not significantly affected by Hg(2+). Like other pectin lyases, PLIII is stimulated by but is not dependent on Ca(2+). The main soluble product released during the degradation of pectic substances promoted by the PLIII is compatible with an unsaturated monogalacturonate. PLIII is a unique enzyme able to release unsaturated monogalacturonate as the only soluble product during the degradation of pectic substances; therefore, PLIII was classified as an exo-pectin lyase. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of an exo-pectin lyase. The PLIII described in this work is potentially useful for ethanol production from pectin-rich biomass, besides other common applications for alkaline pectinases like preparation of textile fibers, coffee and tea fermentation, vegetable oil extraction, and the treatment of pulp in papermaking.

Association of fat intake and socioeconomic status on anthropometric measurements of adults

We aimed to identify the influence of dietary fat profile on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a middleclass general population sample. A cross-sectional study of 448 adults aged 35-85 years was carried out from January 2004 to December 2007. Patients were divided in two groups according to family income: Group 1 (G1) with higher income, and Group 2 (G2) with lower income. Demographic and socioeconomic status were identified, along with anthropometric data, health eating index (HEI) and dietary profile. The groups were similar with respect to gender, age, BMI and WC. HEI was higher in G1 due to a higher intake of protein (+12.8%), dairy products (p<0.001), higher intake of vegetables (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.001), and less dietary fat (-9.8%). The main contribution of fats was saturated fat for G1 (+5.0%) and polyunsaturated fat for G2 (+14.4%). Besides differences in socioeconomic status the groups had similar BMI and abdominal fatness. Only differences in fat profile were correlated with the anthropometric measures mostly explained by the lower vegetable oil intake in higher income participants.

Dietary intake association with IFG and responses of a lifestyle changing protocol in a community-b based adult cohort

Objective: Investigate the association of diet on Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and response of a lifestyle changing protocol (LISC) on a community sample of adults. Methods: A cross sectional study of LISC was conducted with 1004 subjects. From those, 264 adults individuals participated in a 20-week intervention based on physical exercises and dietary counseling and were divided in three groups, normoglycemic, IFG, and T2DM. Evaluations were done at baseline (M0) and after a 20-week intervention (M1). The analyses were performed by using SAS, version 9.2., and results were discussed based on the level of significance of p<0.05. Results: At baseline, the three groups differed for plasma triglycerides, and number of altered metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. T2DM differed from normoglicemic by presenting higher intake of meat, lower of sugar, and less dietary variety, along with higher plasma levels of uric acid. After 20-week intervention, normoglicemics, IFG and T2DM responded similarly to LISC. Both genders increased body fatness. Men increased fasting plasma insulin, saturated fatty acid intake, along with a decrease of vegetable oil intake while women showed a significant increase in HEI and dietary fiber intake and a trend to higher sugar and protein intake and lower vegetable oil intake. Overall T2DM decreased 68% from M0 (9.5%) to M1 (6.4%) of LISC. Conclusion: Our data showed a significant difference in food composition on altered plasma glucose, and its further normalization with lifestyle intervention was independent of significant body weight and body fat changes.

Extração e caracterização qualitativa do óleo da polpa e amendoas de frutos de macaúba [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq) Lodd. ex Mart] coletada na região de Botucatu - SP

The international energy situation indicates to the depletion of oil reserves in the short term. Brazil, considering its potential, has sought through public policy, encourage the study of alternative forms of energy. Many of these forms are based on sub-products and agricultural products, especially the ethanol industry for fuel purposes. Another alternative of vegetable origin, most recently discussed, would be the production of fuel oil called biodiesel. The study aimed to extract and measure the pulp oil production of macaúba palm [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq) Lodd. ex Mart], collected in Botucatu (SP). In addition, the qualitative analysis of the pulp and almond oil are determined. The results showed low productivity in oils, compared to the reported for macauba natural populations of Minas Gerais. The qualitative analysis of the macauba pulp shows to be rich in long chain fatty acids, while the almond have significant amounts of lauric acid.

Comparação do custo de produção do crambe (Cambe abyssinica Hochst) com outras culturas oleaginosas em sistema de plantio direto

Biodiesel is a reality in Brazil, due to the National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use (PNPB), which became mandatory in 2008 in adding 2% biodiesel in all diesel sold in a blend known as B2. The agribusiness sector responded to the federal program, facing many difficulties in biodiesel production, which highlights the supply of raw material. Problems related to biodiesel production were mainly the shortage of vegetable oil, because of demand from domestic and foreign markets, and rising prices of raw materials available for production, making this biofuel production economically feasible, even in Brazil, where agricultural production costs are among the most competitive in the world. The crambe is a specie that has aroused the interest of Brazilian producers due to oil content, hardiness, and mechanized cultivation, mainly for being a winter crop, it becomes one more option for farmers in this period. In addition, you can compose systems of crop rotation as well as being used as ground cover in winter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for productive and cost of production of crambe, conducted in no-tillage system, to compare these parameters with other oil crops such as sunflower, canola and soybean. The trial was conducted in the agricultural year 2008 at the Experimental Farm Lageado belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, located in Botucatu - SP. The estimated yield was 1.507,05 kg ha-1, resulting in a production of 561,94 liters of oil per hectare. The cost of installation and conduct of crambe per hectare was R$ 875,87, resulting in a cost of R$ 1,56 per liter of oil, the lowest cost among the oilseed crops analyzed.

Óxidos derivados de hidromagnesitas e hidrotalcitas modificadas como catalisadores heterogêneos na síntese de biodiesel etílico

Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE