The hierarchical model of branch planning with random coefficients

We consider the management branch model where the random resources of the subsystem are given by the exponential distributions. The determinate equivalent is a block structure problem of quadratic programming. It is solved effectively by means of the decomposition method, which is based on iterative aggregation. The aggregation problem of the upper level is resolved analytically. This overcomes all difficulties concerning the large dimension of the main problem.

Efeitos da associação da clonidina à ropivacaína na anestesia peridural

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os efeitos e o potencial sinergismo entre a clonidina, um agonista alfa2-adrenérgico, e a ropivacaína ainda não foram estudados em pacientes sob anestesia peridural. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos da associação da clonidina com a ropivacaína, nas características do bloqueio peridural. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo duplamente encoberto, 60 pacientes distribuídos em dois grupos de 30 pacientes. No grupo G controle, foi usada apenas a ropivacaína a 0,75% (150 mg) na anestesia peridural; no grupo G clonidina, foram utilizadas clonidina (300 µg) e ropivacaína a 0,75% (150 mg) na anestesia peridural. Foram analisados os seguintes atributos: bloqueio analgésico completo (tempo de latência), instalação do bloqueio motor, duração dos bloqueios analgésico e motor, nível máximo do bloqueio analgésico, nível de consciência, necessidade de analgesia e sedação complementar no per-operatório, ocorrência de hipotensão arterial no per e pós-operatórios, intensidade da dor pós-operatória, duração da analgesia e efeitos colaterais. RESULTADOS: A clonidina (300 µg), por via peridural, não influenciou a latência (p > 0,05); porém prolongou a duração dos bloqueios analgésico e motor (p < 0,0001) e a analgesia pós-operatória (p < 0,001). A proporção de hipotensão arterial foi pequena e semelhante entre os grupos, mas houve maior incidência de bradicardia (p < 0,02) e sedação (p < 0,001) no grupo que utilizou a clonidina. A incidência de tremores foi menor no grupo da clonidina (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições deste estudo e nas doses empregadas, pode-se concluir que há sinergismo evidente entre a clonidina e a ropivacaína na anestesia peridural. A clonidina aumenta a duração dos bloqueios analgésico e motor da anestesia peridural com a ropivacaína e prolonga a analgesia pós-operatória. A clonidina apresenta como vantagens adicionais, o aumento da sedação dos pacientes e a redução na incidência de tremores, mas aumenta a ocorrência de bradicardia.

Tempo de jejum na granja sobre o perfil hormonal e os parâmetros fisiológicos em suínos de abate pesados

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo de jejum na granja e a posição dos animais na carroceria do caminhão durante o transporte ao abatedouro sobre o status hormonal e fisiológico de suínos de abate pesados visando obter melhorias no manejo pré-abate e reduzir perdas na qualidade de carne. Foram utilizadas 64 fêmeas com peso médio de 133+11kg, oriundas de duas granjas de terminação. Os tempos de jejum avaliados foram nove, 12, 15 e 18h, enquanto que as posições consideradas na carroceria foram box (frente, meio e atrás), piso (inferior e superior) e lado (lateral direita e esquerda). Ao abate, foram medidos os níveis de glicose, lactato e CPK no sangue. A concentração de cortisol na saliva (CCS) foi medida nas granjas (24 horas antes e após embarque) e no abatedouro (logo após o descarregamento e antes do abate). A freqüência cardíaca foi monitorada durante todo o manejo pré-abate. Foi observado o efeito da interação entre TJG e o local de avaliação sobre a CCS e a freqüência cardíaca. A CCS e a freqüência cardíaca aumentaram significativamente da granja ao desembarque no abatedouro em relação ao descanso pré-abate no abatedouro foi observada uma redução (P<0,05) nos valores. A CCS variou em função do TJG e o local de avaliação da seguinte maneira: suínos com 18 horas de jejum apresentaram menor (P<0,05) variação na CCS durante o transcorrer das diferentes etapas do manejo pré-abate do que suínos com TJG menores e, entre estes, os animais com TJG de nove horas apresentaram a maior (P<0,05) variação. Antes do abate, os suínos com TJG de nove horas apresentaram o maior valor (P<0,05) de CCS quando comparados aos outros TJG. Conclui-se que o TJG promove mudanças (P<0,05) nos valores do cortisol na saliva e na freqüência cardíaca no manejo pré-abate, mas não afetam (P>0,05) os níveis de glicose, lactato e CPK no abate dos suínos.

Efeito sinérgico entre a dexmedetomidina e a ropivacaína 0,75% na anestesia peridural

BACKGROUND. This study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics of epidural anesthesia performed with 0.75% ropivacaine associated with dexmedetomidine. METHODS. Forty patients scheduled for hernia repair or varicose vein surgeries under epidural anesthesia participated in this study. They were assigned to: Control Group (n = 20), 0.75% ropivacaine, 20 ml (150 mg); and Dexmedetomidine Group (n = 20), 0.75% ropivacaine, 20 ml (150 mg), plus dexmedetomidine, 1 μg.kg -1. The following variables were studied: total analgesic block onset time, upper level of analgesia, analgesic and motor block duration time, intensity of motor block, state of consciousness, hemodynamics, postoperative analgesia and incidence of side-effects. RESULTS. Epidural dexmedetomidine did not affect onset time or upper level of anesthesia (p > 0.05) however it prolonged sensory and motor block duration time (p < 0.05) and postoperative analgesia (p < 0.05), and also resulted in a more intense motor block, 1 (p < 0.05). Values of bispectral index were lower in Dexmedetomidine Group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in incidence of hypotension and bradycardia (p > 0.05). Occurrence of side-effects (shivering, vomiting and SpO 2 < 90%) was low and similar between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION. There is clear synergism between epidural dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine, further this drug association does not bring about additional morbidity.

Market-driven security-constrained transmission network expansion planning

This paper presents a Bi-level Programming (BP) approach to solve the Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) problem. The proposed model is envisaged under a market environment and considers security constraints. The upper-level of the BP problem corresponds to the transmission planner which procures the minimization of the total investment and load shedding cost. This upper-level problem is constrained by a single lower-level optimization problem which models a market clearing mechanism that includes security constraints. Results on the Garver's 6-bus and IEEE 24-bus RTS test systems are presented and discussed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn. © 2011 IEEE.

Bilevel approach for optimal location and contract pricing of distributed generation in radial distribution systems using mixed-integer linear programming

In this study, a novel approach for the optimal location and contract pricing of distributed generation (DG) is presented. Such an approach is designed for a market environment in which the distribution company (DisCo) can buy energy either from the wholesale energy market or from the DG units within its network. The location and contract pricing of DG is determined by the interaction between the DisCo and the owner of the distributed generators. The DisCo intends to minimise the payments incurred in meeting the expected demand, whereas the owner of the DG intends to maximise the profits obtained from the energy sold to the DisCo. This two-agent relationship is modelled in a bilevel scheme. The upper-level optimisation is for determining the allocation and contract prices of the DG units, whereas the lower-level optimisation is for modelling the reaction of the DisCo. The bilevel programming problem is turned into an equivalent single-level mixed-integer linear optimisation problem using duality properties, which is then solved using commercially available software. Results show the robustness and efficiency of the proposed model compared with other existing models. As regards to contract pricing, the proposed approach allowed to find better solutions than those reported in previous works. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2013.

Efeitos da associação de dexmedetomidina à ropivacaína 0,75% na anestesia peridural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O programa PEC - formação universitária e a formação de professores do ensino fundamental: uma avaliação

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

A internet na sociedade: um estudo com professores e alunos da comunidade acadêmica de nível superior na cidade de Franca-SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Using a threaded framework to enable practical activities in Operating Systems courses

Teaching Operating Systems (OS) is a rather hard task, since being an OS designer is not a desired goal for most students and the subject demands a large amount of knowledge over system's details. To reduce the difficulty many courses are planned with laboratory practices, differing in how the practices are designed. Some try to implement next-to-real kernels, others use simulators, and even others use synthetic kernels. In this paper an approach based on synthetic kernels is described. It uses thread programming in order to establish control over the operating system components. T his approach allows the kernel to grow following the materials presented in the course. It has been successfully applied in two different courses at our University, the first one being a basic OS course and the second one an upper level course. Results from these applications are presented.

Influência do exercício resistido aplicado de forma aguda sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em jovens ativos saudáveis: análise por meio de índices geométricos

Introduction: The triangular index and the Poincaré plot (or Lorenz plot) are the best known indexes obtained from geometric methods. The triangular index (TINN, RRtri) represent the global variability of the subject and SD1, which reflects the parasympathetic component, SD2, index of global variability and its relationship (SD1/SD2) are obtained from the Poincaré plot. Despite the literature showing changes in the cardiovascular system during and after the resistance exercise (RE), aspects related to autonomic modulation of heart against these conditions have not been explored yet, so it is important to evaluate this behavior. Objectives: Analyze the acute effects of RE on the cardiac autonomic modulation during recovery (REC) through analysis of geometric indices of heart rate variability (HRV), applied with different intensities and muscle groups in healthy and active young. Methods: Were evaluated 24 young, 22.25 ± 2.4 years and 24.47 ± 3.08 kg/m2, underwent an experimental protocol of five stages, in the first stage was conducted a test of one maximum repetition (1RM) in upper limbs (UL) and lower limb (LL), and the following steps were initiated interventions to 40 (E) and 80% (F) of 1RM. Considered for HRV analysis the periods: baseline and immediately after exercise, both in supine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Localização e preço de contrato ótimo da geração distribuída em sistemas de distribuição radiais de energia elétrica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Cisto dermóide em assoalho bucal: 2 casos clínicos

Dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth is an uncommon lesion that presents as a solitary mass, painless, with no history of fever or drainage, usually in the midline, and commonly in the upper level space mylohyoid. In this paper, the authors describe two patients with the same clinical presentation: a large mass in the floor of the mouth that does not regressed, resulting in dysphagia and dyspnea. The treatment was carried out in both complete surgical removal through an incision in the ventral surface of the tongue.

Anomalias e números fermiônicos induzidos em grafeno com deformações

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Barshalder 1 : A cemetery in Grötlingbo and Fide parishes, Gotland, Sweden, c. AD 1-1100. Excavations and finds 1826-1971

The prehistoric cemetery of Barshalder is located along the main road on the boundary between Grötlingbo and Fide parishes, near the southern end of the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. The cemetery was used from c. AD 1-1100. The level of publication in Swedish archaeology of the first millennium AD is low compared to, for instance, the British and German examples. Gotland’s rich Iron Age cemeteries have long been intensively excavated, but few have received monographic treatment. This publication is intended to begin filling this gap and to raise the empirical level of the field. It also aims to make explicit and test the often somewhat intuitively conceived results of much previous research. The analyses deal mainly with the Migration (AD 375–540), Vendel (AD 520–790) and Late Viking (AD 1000–1150) Periods. The following lines of inquiry have been prioritised. 1. Landscape history, i.e. placing the cemetery in a landscape-historical context. (Vol. 1, section 2.2.6) 2. Migration Period typochronology, i.e. the study of change in the grave goods. (Vol. 2, chapter 2) 3. Social roles: gender, age and status. (Vol. 2, chapter 3) 4. Religious identity in the 11th century, i.e. the study of religious indicators in mortuary customs and grave goods, with particular emphasis on the relationship between Scandinavian paganism and Christianity.. (Vol. 2, chapter 4) Barshalder is found to have functioned as a central cemetery for the surrounding area, located on peripheral land far away from contemporary settlement, yet placed on a main road along the coast for maximum visibility and possibly near a harbour. Computer supported correspondence analysis and seriation are used to study the gender attributes among the grave goods and the chronology of the burials. New methodology is developed to distinguish gender-neutral attributes from transgressed gender attributes. Sub-gender grouping due to age and status is explored. An independent modern chronology system with rigorous type definitions is established for the Migration Period of Gotland. Recently published chronology systems for the Vendel and Viking Periods are critically reviewed, tested and modified to produce more solid models. Social stratification is studied through burial wealth with a quantitative method, and the results are tested through juxtaposition with several other data types. The Late Viking Period graves of the late 10th and 11th centuries are studied in relation to the contemporary Christian graves at the churchyards. They are found to be symbolically soft-spoken and unobtrusive, with all pagan attributes kept apart from the body in a space between the feet of the deceased and the end of the over-long inhumation trench. A small number of pagan reactionary graves with more forceful symbolism are however also identified. The distribution of different 11th century cemetery types across the island is used to interpret the period’s confessional geography, the scale of social organisation and the degree of allegiance to western and eastern Christianity. 11th century society on Gotland is found to have been characterised by religious tolerance, by an absence of central organisation and by slow piecemeal Christianisation.