1000 resultados para traitement paralinguistique


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Antiepileptic drugs allow controlling seizures in 70% of patients. For the others, a presurgical work-up should be undertaken, especially if a focal seizure origin is suspected; however, only a fraction of pharmacoresistant patients will be offered resective (curative) surgery. In the last 15 years, several palliative therapies using extra- or intracranial electrical stimulations have been developed. This article presents the vagal nerve stimulation, the deep brain stimulation (targeting the mesiotemporal region or the thalamus), and the cortical stimulation "on demand". All show an overall long-term responder rate between 30-50%, but less than 5% of patients becoming seizure free. It is to hope that a better understanding of epileptogenic mechanisms and of the implicated neuronal networks will lead to an improvement of these proportions.

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Venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease is frequent and questions regarding its treatment or prevention are numerous. This review is aimed at summarizing and pointing out the novelties on VTE treatment and prevention recently published in the Chest journal earlier this year (8th edition of ACCP guidelines). Generally, the aim of guidelines and of this review as well, is to offer guidance to practictioners in making the most appropriate choice for treating or preventing VTE. They are not intended for strict application and doctors will always have to decide individually case by case taking into account patients preference and the risk-benefit balance.

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If one patient is diagnosed with epilepsy, the first treatment line is represented by medications, which allow a seizure control in at least 2/3 of patients. Following the steady development of new compounds, there are currently more than 20 antiepileptic agents on the market, and several more will appear in the near future. This review, focusing on the indications and pitfalls of the most used drugs, with a particular attention to the new ones, aims at improving the orientation among this multitude of options. Since there is almost no difference regarding the efficacy on seizures, it is rather the profile of comorbidities and possible (positive and negative) side effects that will allow to select the best antiepileptic drug for each specific clinical situation, permitting a patient-tailored approach.

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Hereditary angioedema is a disease which develops as a result of a deficiency or dysfonction of C1-inhibitor, a key regulator of the complement, coagulation and contact cascades, resulting among others in excessive release of bradykinin. This disease mortality rate is high in absence of immediate and effective treatment, in particular in presence of acute attacks of the upper respiratory tract (laryngeal edema). Until now only administration of a purified C1-inhibitor extract was effective against these symptoms. This paper aims to synthesise essentials knowledge concerning news drugs, in particular icatibant, a selective bradykinin B2- receptor antagonist whose use should be widened to the treatment of angioedema with ACE-inhibitors intolerance.

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Primary adrenal insufficiency is a rare disease. Its diagnosis remains a clinical challenge since the signs and symptoms of the disease are insidious in onset and non specific in nature. A case report of Addison's crisis induced by levothyroxine substitution therapy is described. This clinical case is discussed in details with a special emphasis to the published literature regarding the strategy of diagnosis and the specific therapy of primary adrenal insufficiency.

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RESUME DE LA THESE Introduction. Les traitements de la phase aiguë d'un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) ischémique ne peuvent être proposés actuellement qu'à une minorité de patients. Nous avons évalué l'accès à la thrombolyse des patients admis pour un AVC aigu dans un hôpital régional de Suisse romande (Neuchâtel) et l'avons comparé avec celui d'un centre universitaire de référence, distant de 75 km, administrant directement ce type de traitement (CHUV, Lausanne). Méthodes. Tous les cas admis à l'hôpital à Neuchâtel pour une suspicion d'AVC aigu sur une période de 2 ans ont été analysés rétrospectivement au niveau de la phase pré-hospitalière et hospitalière par rapport à la possibilité d'une thrombolyse. Résultats. Chez 120 patients (54%), le diagnostic d'AVC ischémique a été confirmé. Si l'on fait abstraction du facteur temps, 46 patients (38.3%) auraient été éligibles pour une thrombolyse sur des critères cliniques et radiologiques. Trois patients (2.5%) ont finalement bénéficié d'une thrombolyse intraveineuse (iv) dans un intervalle de 3 heures après transfert au CHUV. En comparaison, 33 patients (7%) ont été traités au CHUV durant la même période. Conclusion. Grâce notamment à l'avènement de la télémédecine, la pratique de la thrombolyse iv dans des centres régionaux sélectionnés pourrait contribuer à rendre ce traitement plus accessible.