939 resultados para temporal period


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O trabalho teve objetivo estudar a variabilidade temporal da temperatura do ar, precipitação pluviométrica e umidade relativa do ar na cidade de Botucatu-SP, Brasil, utilizando técnicas geoestatísticas. Os dados de precipitação pluviométrica, temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar utilizados no presente estudo são provenientes da Estação Meteorológica da Fazenda Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas-UNESP. As observações foram realizadas no período de 1988 a 2007, referem-se ao total mensal de precipitação pluvial expressa em altura de lâmina d'água (mm), médias mensais de temperatura em ºC e umidade relativa em %. Os dados foram avaliados por meio da estatística clássica e geoestatística. As variáveis climáticas tiveram sua dependência verificada por variogramas, apresentando dependência temporal maior que 76%. A série temporal de umidade relativa do ar foi a que apresentou maior alcance (8,67 meses) e, conseqüentemente, maior estabilidade climática. O conhecimento da distribuição temporal das variáveis climáticas é importante para o estudo e realização do zoneamento agroclimático, bem como para o dimensionamento do sistema de irrigação das culturas.

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This paper evaluates the behavior of suspended sediment load of the river Ivaí over a period of 32 years measured by the station further downstream the river (Novo Porto Taquara). The most suitable parameters for this assessment were the annual discharge of suspended sediment and water obtained from SUDERSA. The relationship between the concentration of suspended sediment and discharge of water had not a very good correlation (R 2 = 0,56) and hysteresis effect is quite clear. The justification for this behavior is given by the heterogeneity of the hydrological regime and basin occupation. There were no significant changes in annual flows which have remained the same during the study period. Already the discharge of suspended sediment showed a small gradual decline in which the end of the period (2007), the river carries less than 0.65 Mton at the beginning (1977). This reduction in suspended sediment transported is probably due to changes in soil management for agriculture.

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This work aims to analyze the land use evolution in the city of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo - SP through supervised classification of Landsat-5 TM satellite images according to the maximum likelihood (Maxlike), as well as verifying the mapping accuracy through Kappa index, comparing NDVI and SAVI vegetation indexes in different adjustment factors for the canopy substrate and determining the vegetal coverage percentage in all methods used on 2007, May 26 th; 2009, January 7 th and 2009, April 29 th. The Maxlike classification showed several spatial changes in land use over the study period. The most appropriated vegetation indexes were NDVI and SAVI - 0,25 factor, which showed similar values of vegetal coverage percentage, but discrepant from the inferred value for Maxlike classification.

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The feeding choices of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus for various mangrove plant leaves (Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle) at different ages (mature, senescent pre-abscission, and decomposing leaves) were examined. In a controlled experiment set in a mangrove area, we evaluated crab selection for different plant leaves by analyzing foraging rate (number of leaves with predation marks) and leaf consumption. Crabs were housed individually in plastic containers and after a 3-day fast supplied with leaf fragments every 24 h for 72 h. Uneaten leaves were removed before each new food offering. No food selection was observed in the first day, but after this period, senescent leaves, which have a high polyphenol content, were rejected. On the third day, an interactive effect between plant species and leaf age was shown to affect leaf selection, with mature leaves of A. schaueriana and L. racemosa being more selected than the other treatments. This observation was consistent across crab sexes and ages. Our results show that food selection by this mangrove crab changes through time in fasted animals, suggesting that this variable must be controlled in food preference studies. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE