Plan de negocio Gree-Waste

El crecimiento apresurado de la industria tecnológica en los últimos años a nivel mundial, ha generado un nuevo problema socio-ambiental: el manejo y control de los volúmenes de aparatos y componentes electrónicos obsoletos que crecen exponencialmente, específicamente los aparatos que provienen de sistemas de informática, volviéndose en una situación descontrolada y desatendida. Esta problemática empeora cada día por el desconocimiento, la imprudencia, las malas políticas adoptadas por el gobierno y el constante deseo de los consumidores por estar en contacto con los últimos modelos del mercado, reflejándose en un incremento acelerado en las ventas de aparatos electrónicos. Sin embargo, muchos se preguntaran él porque proponemos una idea de negocio caracterizada por lo social y lo ambiental, pues dicha idea viene de la experiencia que se ha tenido durante 7 años en el mercado de tecnología en computación y periféricos, que ha logrado una relación directa con empresas y personas; observando así, las verdaderas preocupaciones de los clientes y a su vez un aumento acelerado en los desechos tecnológicos. De esta manera y siguiendo con el espíritu emprendedor que nos ha caracterizado desde pequeños, hemos llegado a pensar en una idea de negocio interesante y viable, que nos permita incursionar ante competidores importantes y sobresaliendo con una idea innovadora que no se maneja de lleno en dicho sector. Para lograrlo, aprovecharemos los conocimientos y la experiencia que hemos acumulado a través de los años con el contacto directo con los clientes, quienes consideramos son el motor del negocio y llevándonos a concluir con el transcurrir del tiempo, que en Colombia no existe una cultura para desechar los elementos tecnológicos de una manera ecológica y saludable con el medio ambiente. Gracias a la oportunidad latente que muestra el mercado en el sector de reciclaje de desechos tecnológicos, nuestro equipo de trabajo se muestra inquieto ante la oportunidad de negocio encontrada, debido a que en Colombia existen pocas organizaciones que se especialicen en el proceso de reciclaje y reutilización adecuada de dichos desechos. Por esta razón, se confirma la oportunidad para generar un completo plan de negocio que gire en torno al manejo de e-waste y cuidado del medio ambiente, mediante la implementación de productos y servicios especializados para la recolección de dichos desechos electrónicos tanto para los consumidores como para las empresas.

Vereda Crucero Puelenje: interfaz periurbana ante a urbanização em Popayán, Colombia

This article is the result of a work of research conducted on the peri-urban interface of Popayan to detect its potential, restrictions and pathologies regarding the urbanization process. The Crucero Puelenje village, taken as a case study, is located in the south of the town center and it is recognized as one of the agricultural pantries of the city.The territory reading was focused on the macro-landscape as a result of the relationship between social groups and their physical and natural environment. Hence, this research process articulated technical and participatory methodologies that allowed determining the socio-cultural, environmental, physical-spatial, economic and political-administrative particularities of the territory with respect to urbanization and local development. Thus, the participatory component with the Crucero Puelenje community, both in the participatory workshops and in the census, gave feedback to the technical component considered as the guiding thread.This research found knowledge applicable to spatial planning and regional development from the study of the socio-environmental and territorial transformations impact caused by the urban sprawl of Popayán, and at the same time, it offered the Crucero Puelenje community the possibility of interpreting its territory and gaining insights about its planning.

Género y pesca en el México indígena Implicaciones para la política ambiental

The gender, environment, and development approach proposes the study of women’s rights and obligations toward natural resources, as well as institutions and property relations that govern the access to such resources within specifi c socio-environmental contexts. From this viewpoint, this paper studies the fi shing activities of native women and men from Veracruz, Mexico, focusing on two processes: the gender construction of the fi shing arts and the gender socialization in fi shing activities. This paper shows that both processes make women specialize in certain water resources, which are important to securing feeding to their communities. An environmental policy with a gender perspective will be able to visualize woman roles in food provisioning, and to strengthen their control over the resources they currently manage, based on the environmental knowledge women have about them.

Cuando creces, yo crezco contigo”: La configuración de áreas de protección ambiental y de subjetividades en el Humedal de Córdoba y la vereda El Verjón Bajo

La configuración de lugares como áreas de protección ambiental puede ser vista como un proceso técnico y objetivo, en el que se crean políticas públicas que definen prácticas adecuadas e inadecuadas en el lugar. Pero esta configuración es un proceso histórico y negociado. Este se construye en contante diálogo entre diferentes actores que se preocupan por definir qué es la naturaleza y el cuidado ambiental, y las percepciones que individuos que habitan en o cerca a estos lugares construyen en su diario vivir. Es así como la configuración socioambiental de lugares como áreas de protección ocurre por transformaciones en la forma de percibir un lugar, la relaciones con este y sobre todo, prácticas y relaciones que se traducen en formas de negociar nociones de naturaleza y cuidado ambiental. Esta negociación tiene grandes implicaciones en los individuos, particularmente en su subjetividad. Es decir, en hechos como la forma de nombrarlo, caminarlo, observar las especies, iniciar proyectos de agricultura orgánica, cambiar prácticas productivas, el cerramiento de zonas para proteger las fuentes de agua o zonas de vegetación. También sobre su subjetividad, la manera como se sienten frente al lugar, como juzgan sus acciones y las de otros y cómo construyen objetivos personales con respecto a la idea de cuidado ambiental.

Gobernanza Ambiental en América Latina: hacia una agenda de investigación integradora (Tema Central)

América Latina juega un papel importante en relación con la Gobernanza Ambiental. El conocimiento generado por estudios empíricos y teóricos sobre los desafíos ambientales del presente pueden apoyar los renovados esfuerzos de la región por alcanzar un uso de los recursos naturales que sea equitativo y sustentable. A pesar de que los vínculos entre las dimensiones social y ambiental han sido explorados por la academia desde los años noventa, las nuevas tendencias de la Gobernanza Ambiental en América Latina requieren una aproximación analítica comprehensiva. Los autores argumentan que, a fin de potenciar las “perspectivas latinoamericanas” para la solución de los dilemas socioambientales, algunas corrientes de investigación deben juntarse en marcos analíticos integradores que puedan generar complejas preguntas relacionadas con las interacciones a múltiples niveles entre Estado, sociedad civil y actores de mercado.

Making 'dirty' nations look clean? The nation state and the problem of selecting and weighting indices as tools for measuring progress towards sustainability

Pressing global environmental problems highlight the need to develop tools to measure progress towards "sustainability." However, some argue that any such attempt inevitably reflects the views of those creating such tools and only produce highly contested notions of "reality." To explore this tension, we critically assesses the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI), a well-publicized product of the World Economic Forum that is designed to measure 'sustainability' by ranking nations on league tables based on extensive databases of environmental indicators. By recreating this index, and then using statistical tools (principal components analysis) to test relations between various components of the index, we challenge ways in which countries are ranked in the ESI. Based on this analysis, we suggest (1) that the approach taken to aggregate, interpret and present the ESI creates a misleading impression that Western countries are more sustainable than the developing world; (2) that unaccounted methodological biases allowed the authors of the ESI to over-generalize the relative 'sustainability' of different countries; and, (3) that this has resulted in simplistic conclusions on the relation between economic growth and environmental sustainability. This criticism should not be interpreted as a call for the abandonment of efforts to create standardized comparable data. Instead, this paper proposes that indicator selection and data collection should draw on a range of voices, including local stakeholders as well as international experts. We also propose that aggregating data into final league ranking tables is too prone to error and creates the illusion of absolute and categorical interpretations. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Planning the sustainable eco-city in Taipei: The implementation of green design and green building schemes

Taipei City has put a significant effort toward the implementation of green design and green building schemes towards a sustainable eco-city. Although some of the environmental indicators have not indicated significant progress in environmental improvement, implementing the two schemes has obtained considerable results; therefore, the two schemes are on the right path towards promoting a sustainable eco-city. However, it has to be admitted that the two schemes are a rather “technocratic” set of solutions and eco-centric approach. It is suggested that not only the public sector but also the private sector need to put more effort toward implement the schemes, and the government needs to encourage the private sector to adopt the schemes in practice.

Do Integrated Arable Farming Systems provide a more sustainable form of agricultural production: the UK case

Integrated Arable Farming Systems (IAFS) projects utilise a range of novel and different farming techniques, often associated with optimising or reducing the use of inputs. Here, data is presented from the LINK-IFS project which suggests that, although input levels are being reduced, the overall profitability of the system can be maintained. The effect of thus reduction in inputs, however, in terms of impact on key environmental indicators is unclear.

Power, nature and neoliberalism: the political ecology of water in Chile

Since the 1990s, international water sector reforms have centred heavily on economic and market approaches. In regard to water resources management, tradable water rights have been promoted, often supported by the neoliberal model adopted in Chile. Chile's 1981 Water Code was reformed to comprise a system of water rights that could be freely traded with few restrictions. International financial institutions have embraced the Chilean model, claiming that it results in more efficient water use, and potentially fosters social and environmental benefits. However, in Chile the Water Code is deeply contested. It has been criticised for being too permissive and has produced a number of problems in practice. Moreover, attempts to modify it have become the focus of a lengthy polemic debate. This paper employs a political ecology perspective to explore the socio-environmental outcomes of water management in Chile, drawing on a case study of agriculture in the semi-arid Norte Chico. The case illustrates how large-scale farmers exert greater control over water, while peasant farmers have increasingly less access. I argue that these outcomes are facilitated by the mode of water management implemented within the framework of the Water Code. Through this preliminary examination of social equity and the environmental aspects of water resources management in Chile, I suggest that the omission of these issues from the international debates on water rights markets is a cause for concern.

The EU societal awareness of landscape indicator: a review of its meaning, utility and performance across different scales

There is increasing recognition that agricultural landscapes meet multiple societal needs and demands beyond provision of economic and environmental goods and services. Accordingly, there have been significant calls for the inclusion of societal, amenity and cultural values in agri-environmental landscape indicators to assist policy makers in monitoring the wider impacts of land-based policies. However, capturing the amenity and cultural values that rural agrarian areas provide, by use of such indicators, presents significant challenges. The EU social awareness of landscape indicator represents a new class of generalized social indicator using a top-down methodology to capture the social dimensions of landscape without reference to the specific structural and cultural characteristics of individual landscapes. This paper reviews this indicator in the context of existing agri-environmental indicators and their differing design concepts. Using a stakeholder consultation approach in five case study regions, the potential and limitations of the indicator are evaluated, with a particular focus on its perceived meaning, utility and performance in the context of different user groups and at different geographical scales. This analysis supplements previous EU-wide assessments, through regional scale assessment of the limitations and potentialities of the indicator and the need for further data collection. The evaluation finds that the perceived meaning of the indicator does not vary with scale, but in common with all mapped indicators, the usefulness of the indicator, to different user groups, does change with scale of presentation. This indicator is viewed as most useful when presented at the scale of governance at which end users operate. The relevance of the different sub-components of the indicator are also found to vary across regions.

Flood Risk Assessment in Coastal Drainage Basins through a Multivariate Analysis within a GIS-Based Model

This paper presents a GIS-based multicriteria flood risk assessment and mapping approach applied to coastal drainage basins where hydrological data are not available. It involves risk to different types of possible processes: coastal inundation (storm surge), river, estuarine and flash flood, either at urban or natural areas, and fords. Based on the causes of these processes, several environmental indicators were taken to build-up the risk assessment. Geoindicators include geological-geomorphologic proprieties of Quaternary sedimentary units, water table, drainage basin morphometry, coastal dynamics, beach morphodynamics and microclimatic characteristics. Bioindicators involve coastal plain and low slope native vegetation categories and two alteration states. Anthropogenic indicators encompass land use categories properties such as: type, occupation density, urban structure type and occupation consolidation degree. The selected indicators were stored within an expert Geoenvironmental Information System developed for the State of Sao Paulo Coastal Zone (SIIGAL), which attributes were mathematically classified through deterministic approaches, in order to estimate natural susceptibilities (Sn), human-induced susceptibilities (Sa), return period of rain events (Ri), potential damages (Dp) and the risk classification (R), according to the equation R=(Sn.Sa.Ri).Dp. Thematic maps were automatically processed within the SIIGAL, in which automata cells (""geoenvironmental management units"") aggregating geological-geomorphologic and land use/native vegetation categories were the units of classification. The method has been applied to the Northern Littoral of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) in 32 small drainage basins, demonstrating to be very useful for coastal zone public politics, civil defense programs and flood management.

Trabalhadores na reciclagem do lixo : dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas na perspectiva de empoderamento

Esta pesquisa enfoca as dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas de organização, construção da identidade coletiva e empoderamento de trabalhadores em associações de reciclagem, levando-se em conta suas relações com diversos agentes externos. A escolha desse objeto do estudo prende-se a dois aspectos principais: - à caracterização dessa atividade como uma ocupação em estruturação e processo de reconhecimento, representando uma possibilidade de sustentabilidade e autonomia para setores da população de baixa renda em países em desenvolvimento; - a uma situação peculiar de relação entre Estado e sociedade, na qual as associações de catadores/recicladores interagem simultaneamente com órgãos dos governos municipais respectivos, do governo estadual e com entidades não-governamentais, como setores da Igreja Católica e ONGs nacionais e internacionais. Através da análise comparativa das características de três associações de reciclagem na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, verificam-se resultados diferenciados no que diz respeito a processos internos de organização do trabalho e de participação nas decisões, bem como em relação às percepções, motivações e expectativas dos catadores/recicladores quanto a sua ocupação.

Questões socioambientais e o desempenho financeiro nas informações públicas de empresas líderes do setor de mineração

Dada a relevância cada vez maior das questões sociais e ambientais, várias iniciativas vêm sendo cobradas das corporações por parte da sociedade. Frente a essa demanda tem-se uma resposta por parte das corporações, inclusive de entidades financeira, como, por exemplo, a divulgação de relatórios de sustentabilidade e a criação dos investimentos socialmente responsáveis, mais comumente conhecidos como Socially Responsible Investing (na sigla em inglês, SRI). Além disso, cada vez mais questões sociais e ambientais são importantes dimensões de análise para a obtenção de recursos vindos tanto de instituições bilaterais quanto unilaterais. Tais fatos vêm provocando a busca por evidências de associação das questões socioambientais com o desempenho financeiro da empresa. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar o nível de integração entre questões socioambientais e o desempenho financeiro nas informações públicas de empresas líderes mundiais do setor de mineração. O setor de mineração foi escolhido como foco dessa pesquisa, principalmente, devido à sua alta importância para a economia mundial e brasileira, e dado o seu alto impacto social e ambiental. Para tanto, fez-se uma análise das três maiores mineradoras globais em valor de mercado, BH Billiton, Vale e Rio Tinto, utilizando-se como base a metodologia proposta por Epstein e Roy (2003), na qual a integração entre questões socioambientais e desempenho financeiro é classificada em quatro níveis. Dentre as informações analisadas, identificou-se que apenas 1% dessas foram classificadas como nível 4, por se tratarem de informações monetizadas sobre os benefícios de investimentos socioambientais. Esse estudo, portanto, concluiu que a integração entre as ações socioambientais e o desempenho financeiro nas informações públicas das empresas analisadas é praticamente inexistente.

The Brazilian financial system and the green economy : alignment with sustainable development

Three studies were prepared and are presented in this document. The first, The Brazilian Financial Sector Institutional Context in the Transition to Sustainable Development looks at the legislation, regulation, and public policies aimed at socio-environmental themes related to the financial sector. The second study, Current Financing for the Green Economy in Brazil, provides an initial estimate of the financial assets already allocated to the green economy, as well as a methodological proposal for the survey and monitoring of the respective flow of assets. The third and final study looks at two important segments of the Brazilian economy and their process of transition to a greener economy: renewable energy and agriculture.