Did Keynes in the General Theory significantly misrepresent J S Mill?

It has been alleged that J M Keynes, quoting in the General Theory a passage from J S Mill's Principles, misunderstood the passage in question and was therefore wrong to cite Mill as an upholder of the 'classical' proposition that 'supply creates its own demand'. We believe that, although Keynes was admittedly in error with respect to, so-to-say, the 'letter' of Mill's exposition, he did not mislead readers as to the 'substance' of Mill's conception. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that J S Mill did indeed stand for a 'classical' position, vulnerable to Keynes's critique as developed in the General Theory. [This is a revised version of an earlier working paper: 'Keynes, Mill and Say's Law', Strathclyde Papers in Economics, 2000/11]

A three dimensional signed small ball inequality

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt."

Bergman-type singular operators and the characterization of Carleson measures for Besov-Sobolev spaces on the complex ball

"Vegeu el resum a l'inici del document del fitxer adjunt."

Citral and carvone chemotypes from the essential oils of Colombian Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown: composition, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity

Two essential oils of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenacea), the carvone and citral chemotypes and 15 of their compounds were evaluated to determine cytotoxicity and antifungal activity. Cytotoxicity assays for both the citral and carvone chemotypes were carried out with tetrazolium-dye, which showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells. Interestingly, this effect on the evaluated cells (HeLa and the non-tumoural cell line, Vero) was lower than that of commercial citral alone. Commercial citral showed the highest cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells. The antifungal activity was evaluated against Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus strains following the standard protocols, Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing and CLSI M38-A. Results demonstrated that the most active essential oil was the citral chemotype, with geometric means-minimal inhibitory concentration (GM-MIC) values of 78.7 and 270.8 μg/mL for A. fumigatus and C. krusei, respectively. Commercial citral showed an antifungal activity similar to that of the citral chemotype (GM-MIC values of 62.5 μg/mL for A. fumigatus and 39.7 μg/mL for C. krusei). Although the citronellal and geraniol were found in lower concentrations in the citral chemotype, they had significant antifungal activity, with GM-MIC values of 49.6 μg/mL for C. krusei and 176.8 μg/mL for A. fumigatus.

Modelling of Mercury’s surface composition and remote detection from the orbit with the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter

It can be assumed that the composition of Mercury’s thin gas envelope (exosphere) is related to thecomposition of the planets crustal materials. If this relationship is true, then inferences regarding the bulkchemistry of the planet might be made from a thorough exospheric study. The most vexing of allunsolved problems is the uncertainty in the source of each component. Historically, it has been believedthat H and He come primarily from the solar wind, while Na and K originate from volatilized materialspartitioned between Mercury’s crust and meteoritic impactors. The processes that eject atoms andmolecules into the exosphere of Mercury are generally considered to be thermal vaporization, photonstimulateddesorption (PSD), impact vaporization, and ion sputtering. Each of these processes has its owntemporal and spatial dependence. The exosphere is strongly influenced by Mercury’s highly ellipticalorbit and rapid orbital speed. As a consequence the surface undergoes large fluctuations in temperatureand experiences differences of insolation with longitude. We will discuss these processes but focus moreon the expected surface composition and solar wind particle sputtering which releases material like Caand other elements from the surface minerals and discuss the relevance of composition modelling

First insights into the transcriptome and development of new genomic tools of a widespread circum-Mediterranean tree species, Pinus halepensis Mill.

Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) is a relevant conifer species for studying adaptive responses to drought and fire regimes in the Mediterranean region. In this study, we performed Illumina next-generation sequencing of two phenotypically divergent Aleppo pine accessions with the aims of (i) characterizing the transcriptome through Illumina RNA-Seq on trees phenotypically divergent for adaptive traits linked to fire adaptation and drought, (ii) performing a functional annotation of the assembled transcriptome, (iii) identifying genes with accelerated evolutionary rates, (iv) studying the expression levels of the annotated genes and (v) developing gene-based markers for population genomic and association genetic studies. The assembled transcriptome consisted of 48,629 contigs and covered about 54.6 Mbp. The comparison of Aleppo pine transcripts to Picea sitchensis protein-coding sequences resulted in the detection of 34,014 SNPs across species, with a Ka /Ks average value of 0.216, suggesting that the majority of the assembled genes are under negative selection. Several genes were differentially expressed across the two pine accessions with contrasted phenotypes, including a glutathione-s-transferase, a cellulose synthase and a cobra-like protein. A large number of new markers (3334 amplifiable SSRs and 28,236 SNPs) have been identified which should facilitate future population genomics and association genetics in this species. A 384-SNP Oligo Pool Assay for genotyping with the Illumina VeraCode technology has been designed which showed an high overall SNP conversion rate (76.6%). Our results showed that Illumina next-generation sequencing is a valuable technology to obtain an extensive overview on whole transcriptomes of nonmodel species with large genomes.

Impact of Ownership Structure on the Performance of China’s Feed Mill Sector, April 2005

In the decade of the 1990s, China’s feed sector became increasingly privatized, more feed mills opened, and the scale of operation expanded. Capacity utilization remained low and multi-ministerial supervision was still prevalent, but the feed mill sector showed a positive performance overall, posting a growth rate of 11 percent per year. Profit margin over sales was within allowable rates set by the government of China at 3 to 5 percent. Financial efficiency improved, with a 20 percent quicker turnover of working capital. Average technical efficiency was 0.805, as more efficient feed mills increasingly gained production shares. This study finds evidence that the increasing privatization explains the improved performance of the commercial feed mill sector. The drivers that shaped the feed mill sector in the 1990s have changed with China’s accession to the World Trade Organization. With the new policy regime in place, the study foresees that, assuming an adequate supply of soy meal and an excess capacity in the feed mill sector, it is likely that China will allow corn imports up to the tariff rate quota (TRQ) of 7.2 mmt since the in-quota rate is very low at 1 percent. However, when the TRQ is exceeded, the import duty jumps to a prohibitive out-quota rate of 65 percent. With an import duty for meat of only 10 to 12 percent, China would have a strong incentive to import meat products directly rather than bringing in expensive corn to produce meat domestically. This would be further reinforced if structural transformation in the swine sector would narrow the cost differential between domestic and imported pork.

Rapport sur le projet d'un code pénal, fait à l'assemblée générale de l'État de la Louisiane , par M. Édouard Livingston, suivi des Observations sur les conditions nécessaires à la perfection d'un code pénal, par M. Mill, avec une introduction et des notes, par M. A.-H. Taillandier,...

Comprend : Observations sur les conditions nécessaires à la perfection d'un code pénal...

Portanus Ball: descrições de dez espécies novas (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Xestocephalinae)

The following new species are described and illustrated from Brazil: Portanus vittatus sp. nov. (Paraná), P. castaneus sp. nov. (Rondônia), P. variatus sp. nov. (Rondônia), P. ocellatus sp. nov. (Mato Grosso), P. cinctus sp. nov. (Mato Grosso), P. bimaculatus sp. nov. (Rondônia), P. eliasi sp. nov. (Rondônia), P. marginatus sp. nov. (Paraná), P. maculatus sp. nov. (Paraná) and P. bicornis sp. nov. (Mato Grosso).

Portanus Ball: descrição de uma espécie nova (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Xestocephalinae)

Portanus dubius sp. nov. é descrita e ilustrada a partir de espécimens que foram coletados com armadilha Malaise durante um levantamento entomológico no Estado do Paraná, Brasil (PROFAUPAR).

Uma nova espécie de Portanus Ball (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) do Brasil

Uma nova espécie de Portanus Ball, 1932 é descrita a partir de material coletado nos Estados de Rondônia e Mato Grosso, Brasil. A genitália da fêmea também é descrita.