test output

test output

El rendimiento diferido del proceso didáctico (Análisis input-output en función del autodiagnóstio del éxito de la vida).

Trata de conocer hasta qué punto la valoración académica de un individuo incide en la vida posterior del mismo, es decir, cuál puede ser el rendimiento de una persona en función del proceso educativo que haya seguido. Alumnos de cuarto de Bachiller, de edad comprendida entre 13 y 14 años que realizaron sus estudios en Cheste durante los cursos académicos de 1970-1971 y 1971-1972, con el Plan vigente de 1967. En total son 681 alumnos de los cuales el 53,86 por ciento pertenecen a zonas rurales y el 46,14 por ciento a zona urbana. En primer lugar trata teoriza sobre los estudios realizados de caracter input-output, tanto en el campo de la psicología como de la educación siendo consciente de esta forma de los problemas que los mismos dan y a los que deberá enfrentarse, posteriormente plantea el estudio realizando la investigación, seleccionando las variables que pretende estudiar, recogiendo datos , codificándolos, escogiendo una muestra de población y aplicando dichas variables para poder llegar a las conclusiones que finalmente ofrece el estudio y abriendo puertas a otros de las mismas carcterísticas. Encuesta, cuestionario, entrevista personal, test (AMPE). Variables input, dentro de las cuales se encuentran las variables estado (datos psicológicos), y las variables de flujo (rendimiento académico). Como variables psicológicas se consideran la actitud para el estudio, personalidad paranoide versus control, capacidad intelectual, extraversión. Como variables de rendimiento se estudia el rendimiento en cuarto de bachiller, el rendimiento en tercero de bachiller y destrezas físico-deportivas. Como variables de salida output se considera la situación laboral ocupacional, situación personal, situación económica y situación social. Análisis factorial, regresión múltiple, correlación de Pearson, análisis imput-output. Los resultados se encuentran implícitos en las siguientes conclusiones: 1) Los componenenes académicos influyen poco en la vida posterior del sujeto, si bien marcan o detectan en algún sentido su situación social convivencial sobre los demás aspectos. Ello nos induce a pensar que en el aula se califican a la vez que conocimientos, los comportamientos sociales. 2)Los componentes psicológicos influyen más en la situación personal entre los outpurs considerados 3)En el análisis input-output hay que destacar que los outputs no se explican en su totalidad con los inputs que hemos estudiado, lo que destaca la introduccion de muchas otras variables en la consideración de los aspectos tratados y éstas en gran cantidad.

Input/output measurements of otoacoustic emissions and differential diagnosis of cochlear function

This study provides detailed information on the ability of healthy ears to generate distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).

A budget for Europe's Monetary Union. Bruegel Policy Contribution 2012/22, December 2012

In a monetary union, national fiscal deficits are of limited help to counteract deep recessions; union-wide support is needed. A common euro-area budget (1) should provide a temporary but significant transfer of resources in case of large regional shocks, (2) would be an instrument to counteract severe recessions in the area as a whole, and (3) would ensure financial stability. The four main options for stabilisation of regional shocks to the euro area are: unemployment insurance, payments related to deviations of output from potential, the narrowing of large spreads, and discretionary spending. The common resource would need to be well-designed to be distributionally neutral, avoid free-riding behaviour and foster structural change while be of sufficient size to have an impact. Linking budget support to large deviations of output from potential appears to be the best option. A borrowing capacity equipped with a structural balanced budget rule could address area-wide shocks. It could serve as the fiscal backstop to the bank resolution authority. Resources amounting to 2 percent of euro-area GDP would be needed for stabilisation policy and financial stability.

Options for a Euro-area fiscal capacity. Bruegel Policy Brief 2013/01, January 2013

Europe has responded to the crisis with strengthened budgetary and macroeconomic surveillance, the creation of the European Stability Mechanism, liquidity provisioning by resilient economies and the European Central Bank and a process towards a banking union. However, a monetary union requires some form of budget for fiscal stabilisation in case of shocks, and as a backstop to the banking union. This paper compares four quantitatively different schemes of fiscal stabilisation and proposes a new scheme based on GDP-indexed bonds. The options considered are: (i) A federal budget with unemployment and corporate taxes shifted to euro-area level; (ii) a support scheme based on deviations from potential output;(iii) an insurance scheme via which governments would issue bonds indexed to GDP, and (iv) a scheme in which access to jointly guaranteed borrowing is combined with gradual withdrawal of fiscal sovereignty. Our comparison is based on strong assumptions. We carry out a preliminary, limited simulation of how the debt-to-GDP ratio would have developed between 2008-14 under the four schemes for Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and an ‘average’ country.The schemes have varying implications in each case for debt sustainability

MEASUREMENT AND MODELING OF THE TOXICITY OF BINARY MIXTURES IN THE NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS-A TEST OF INDEPENDENT ACTION

Ecological risk assessments must increasingly consider the effects of chemical mixtures on the environment as anthropogenic pollution continues to grow in complexity. Yet testing every possible mixture combination is impractical and unfeasible; thus, there is an urgent need for models that can accurately predict mixture toxicity from single-compound data. Currently, two models are frequently used to predict mixture toxicity from single-compound data: Concentration addition and independent action (IA). The accuracy of the predictions generated by these models is currently debated and needs to be resolved before their use in risk assessments can be fully justified. The present study addresses this issue by determining whether the IA model adequately described the toxicity of binary mixtures of five pesticides and other environmental contaminants (cadmium, chlorpyrifos, diuron, nickel, and prochloraz) each with dissimilar modes of action on the reproduction of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In three out of 10 cases, the IA model failed to describe mixture toxicity adequately with significant or antagonism being observed. In a further three cases, there was an indication of synergy, antagonism, and effect-level-dependent deviations, respectively, but these were not statistically significant. The extent of the significant deviations that were found varied, but all were such that the predicted percentage effect seen on reproductive output would have been wrong by 18 to 35% (i.e., the effect concentration expected to cause a 50% effect led to an 85% effect). The presence of such a high number and variety of deviations has important implications for the use of existing mixture toxicity models for risk assessments, especially where all or part of the deviation is synergistic.

Process scheduling by output considerations

In multi-tasking systems when it is not possible to guarantee completion of all activities by specified times, the scheduling problem is not straightforward. Examples of this situation in real-time programming include the occurrence of alarm conditions and the buffering of output to peripherals in on-line facilities. The latter case is studied here with the hope of indicating one solution to the general problem.

The magma budget of Volcan Arenal, Costa Rica from 1980 to 2004

Using topographic data collected by radar interferometry, stereo-photogrammetry, and field survey we have measured the changing surface of Volcan Arenal in Costa Rica over the period from 1980 to 2004. During this time this young volcano has mainly effused basaltic andesite lava, continuing the activity that began in 1968. Explosive products form only a few percent of the volumetric output. We have calculated digital elevation models for the years 1961, 1988 and 1997 and modified existing models for 2000 and 2004. From these we have estimated the volume of lava effused and coupled this with the data presented by an earlier study for 1968-1980. We find that a dense rock equivalent volume of 551 M m(3) was effused from 1968 to 2004. The dense rock equivalent effusion rate fell from about 2 m(3) s(-1) to about 0.1-0.2 m(3) s(-1) over the same period, with an average rate of about 0.5 m(3) s(-1). Between 1980 and 2004, the average effusion rate was 0.36 m(3) s(-1), a similar rate to that measured between 1974 and 1980. There have been two significant deviations from this long-term rate. The effusion rate increased from 1984 to 1991, at the same time as explosivity increased. After a period of moderate effusion rates in the 1990s, the rate fell to lower levels around 1999. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.