882 resultados para linguistic position
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Présidence de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. Ceded Districts]
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BACKGROUND: Communication in cancer care has become a major topic of interest. Since there is evidence that ineffective communication affects both patients and oncology clinicians (physicians and nurses), so-called communication skills trainings (CSTs) have been developed over the last decade. While these trainings have been demonstrated to be effective, there is an important heterogeneity with regard to implementation and with regard to evidence of different aspects of CST. METHODS: In order to review and discuss the scientific literature on CST in oncology and to formulate recommendations, the Swiss Cancer League has organised a consensus meeting with European opinion leaders and experts in the field of CST, as well as oncology clinicians, representatives of oncology societies and patient organisations. On the basis of a systematic review and a meta-analysis, recommendations have been developed and agreed upon. RESULTS: Recommendations address (i) the setting, objectives and participants of CST, (ii) its content and pedagogic tools, (iii) organisational aspects, (iv) outcome and (v) future directions and research. CONCLUSION: This consensus meeting, on the basis of European expert opinions and a systematic review and meta-analysis, defines key elements for the current provision and future development and evaluation of CST in oncology.
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Mesoamerica, defined as the broad linguistic and cultural area from middle southern Mexico to Costa Rica, might have played a pivotal role during the colonization of theAmerican continent. It has been suggested that the Mesoamerican isthmus could have played an important role in severely restricting prehistorically gene flow between North and SouthAmerica. Although the Native American component has been already described in admixedMexican populations, few studies have been carried out in native Mexican populations. In thisstudy we present mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data for the first hypervariable region (HVR-I) in 477 unrelated individuals belonging to eleven different native populations from Mexico. Almost all the Native Mexican mtDNAs could be classified into the four pan-Amerindian haplogroups (A2, B2, C1 and D1); only three of them could be allocated to the rare Native American lineage D4h3. Their haplogroup phylogenies are clearly star-like, as expected from relatively young populations that have experienced diverse episodes of genetic drift (e.g. extensive isolation, genetic drift and founder effects) and posterior population expansions. In agreement with this observation is the fact that Native Mexican populations show a high degree of heterogeneity in their patterns of haplogroup frequencies. HaplogroupX2a was absent in our samples, supporting previous observations where this clade was only detected in the American northernmost areas. The search for identical sequences in the American continent shows that, although Native Mexican populations seem to show a closer relationship to North American populations, they cannot be related to a single geographical region within the continent. Finally, we did not find significant population structure on the maternal lineages when considering the four main and distinct linguistic groups represented in our Mexican samples (Oto-Manguean, Uto-Aztecan, Tarascan, and Mayan), suggesting that genetic divergence predates linguistic diversification in Mexico.
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. Etat du Tamil Nadu]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. Région de Kanara]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Présidence de Bombay. Pakistan. Province du Sind. Tharparkar]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Delhi]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Delhi]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Delhi]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. État du Maharashtra. Dhule]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Pakistan. Province du Sind. Haidarābād]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Etat du Karnataka. Kanara]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province du Bihar. Darbhanga]