995 resultados para limite de legalidade
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O presente trabalho aborda o tema central da liberdade, enquanto faceta de direito fundamental, no âmbito das relações privadas. A essa liberdade dos particulares, em suas relações intersubjetivas, chama-se autonomia privada, que, como liberdade, é limitada por todo um corpo normativo do Estado. Assim, o indivíduo em si possui liberdade em sua esfera privada, para escolher seu núcleo familiar, exercer seu poder familiar, dispor de sua propriedade como bem lhe aprouver e de contratar com outros sujeitos. Tudo isso com limites na lei, no ordenamento jurídico posto. Ocorre que a ocasião não é assim de uma forma tão simplista. Como se verá no presente trabalho, a força dos particulares formou uma grande esfera de poder, o poder privado, que chega a ficar tão ou mesmo mais forte, sob determinados aspectos, do que o próprio poder público. Esse fenômeno, o do “agigantamento” desse poder privado, faz com que as relações entre particulares, tecnicamente igualitárias, ao menos em tese postas em pé de igualdade, mostrem-se extremamente violadoras dos direitos fundamentais dos indivíduos. Daí porque se abandona na presente obra a denominação “eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais”, pois as relações privadas no mais das vezes se dá pela sujeição do mais fraco ao mais forte, detentor de um real poder sobre ele. Ainda que haja limitação legal sobre essa esfera de liberdade desse poder sobre os particulares, a lei não poderá abarcar todo o potencial de lesividade à dignidade humana que essa liberdade pode alcançar. Assim, faz-se necessário um mecanismo para refrear uma liberdade que, afora dos limites legais, pode ser irrestrita. Esse mecanismo limitador seriam os direitos fundamentais. Embora haja teorias que neguem ou limitem o alcance dos direitos fundamentais sobre a liberdade dos particulares, defende-se a aplicação direta e imediata desses direitos magnos, suas regras e princípios, como forma de garantir a plenitude do ser humano não apenas perante ao Estado, como também perante os outros particulares, garantindo um máximo de eficácia possível, ainda que não o ideal, dos preceitos constitucionais. Assim, partindo do princípio de que a autonomia privada, conquanto faceta da liberdade, está afastada dos demais direitos fundamentais. Nem haveria por quê. Propõe-se, então, uma “reconciliação” sua com os demais direitos fundamentais, de forma a harmonizá-la com os demais, de maneira que não prepondere o preceito liberal da liberdade irrestrita.
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Ao estabelecer um diálogo com o cogito de Descartes, o cogito torquatiano aponta para um sujeito em crise, fragmentado, contraditório, aberto e plural, desconstruindo a idéia humanista e cartesiana de sujeito como ser autônomo, dotado de uma personalidade coerente. O comportamento de Torquato Neto é muito bem representado pelo mito vampírico e pela metáfora do escorpião, definitivamente amalgamados à persona e à imagem do poeta.Palavras-chave: Torquato Neto; anos 60; arte/comportamento; literatura brasileira; poesia contemporânea; crise do sujeito.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Matemática - IBILCE
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Therebar of aluminum 1350 AA produced by CBA are used inthe manufacture of wires and cables for electric power transmission, which marketshows increasingly favorableto aluminum due to itslow densityand high electrical conductivity, but to ensure that this materialmeets all specifications of projectsfor electricity transmission, it must have homogeneity in the chemicaland mechanicalproperties.One of the points of improvement in the process of rod production isreducing the high variation of the limitof tensile strengthalong the coils, therefore, this work seeks a better understanding of the factors that significantly influence the mechanical properties of rebar, specifically assessing the influence oftemperatureat the output of the coils, which can cause a recovery effect on the material andif thereare relevantdifferences between the two modes of rebar production: auto and manual.Samples of six coils have been specifically produced forthis study, which weresubsequently subjected to different annealing temperatures for one hour and ten minutes, similar to what occurs in the output of the coil from the machine. The tensile tests showed that aluminum 1350 AA is significantly influenced by temperature, whose behavior was very similar to that presented in the literature. It was found that the phenomenon of recovery occurred more significantly at high temperatures. Through the optical electron microscope Zeiss, 18 surface maps were made with 100x magnification for each sample in different conditions and the images were analyzed using entropy and fractal dimension, aiming to relate the condition of surface hardening on mechanical property of the samples in that condition. The results showed that these methods can be applied, provided they do not have any kind of imperfection on the surface, once they can influence the results. The study concluded that a more efficient cooling is required in ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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A launching rocket and its payload are submitted to strong acoustic loads in some moments of its flight like lift off, during transonic flight and in the instant of maximum dynamic pressure. These loads could affect the payload and other rocket internal equipment. It must be taken into account that in the higher stages, where delicate control equipment and the payload are placed, the acoustic excitations are dominant. The knowledge of the acoustic loads is of great importance in order to provide estimated loads for the design phase, define intensity level to specify qualification and acceptation acoustic tests to which subsystems and elements of the launcher and its payload shall be submitted and to design an acoustic … (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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This study evaluated the fatigue limit (FL) by the staircase method and the effect of mechanical cycling on the flexural strength (FS) of Duceragold feldspathic porcelain. Specimens (25 x 5 x 2 mm) were made according to manufacturer’s directions and submitted to three-point flexural strength test (n = 10). To determine FL (n = 30; 10,000 cycles; 2 Hz), an initial loading of 60% of the FS and an incremental loading (step) of 3% of the FS were used. Data were analyzed by Anova and Tukey´s test (p < 0.05). Although the proposed cycles have not reduced FS significantly, fractography analysis showed striation, characteristic signs of mechanical fatigue.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Apple is a fruit that offers promising prospect for industrialization as it has favorable characteristics for this purpose and can obtain products with good acceptance. In Brazil, approximately 15% of the production is processed into juice, and a portion is exported. Among the fresh fruit and juice, apple adds US$ 30 million annually to the Brazilian foreign exchange earnings. The aim of this study was to characterize, using chemical analysis, concentrated juices, commercial apple juice, nectar, and soft drink. In addition, to compare them with their respective Quality and Identity Standards (PIQ) published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and Codex Alimentarius. Concentrated juices and commercial beverages were analyzed in triplicate for soluble solids content (Brix), pH, total acidity (AT), and ratio. In concentrated juices, the Total Sugar Reducer (ART) was also assessed. The results obtained in the laboratory were compared with the PIQ and Codex Alimentarius to verify compliance with applicable regulations. Seven concentrate juices, five juices, six nectars, and three apple-flavoured soft drinks were analyzed. The Brix of pulpy and clarified concentrated juices were, respectively, 71.16±1.29 and 40.40±0.57°Brix. In all concentrated juices, the Brix was in accordance with Codex Alimentarius. The Brix and AT in sweetened clarified juices were 11.50±0.14°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100g sample. In pulpy whole juices the values were 11.20±0.70°Brix and 0.30±0.06g of malic acid/100g sample. The values of Brix and AT in apple-flavoured soft drinks were 11.03±0.93°Brix and 0.18±0.04g of malic acid/100ml sample. Commercial juices and soft drinks also presented °Brix and AT in accord with the PIQ established by MAPA. The apple nectars could not be compared with the standards because they are not published by MAPA or Codex Alimentarius. The definition of the PIQ is an important tool for quality control of beverages manufacture in Brazil. Therefore, it is recommended for the control agencies to define the parameters that are not established.
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The aim of this paper was to measure the total soluble solids content (°Brix), titrable total acidity (AT) and ratio in orange beverages, such as frozen concentrated juice, not from concentrate juice, nectar and soft drink and to compare them with their Quality and Identity Standards (PIQ) published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and Codex Alimentarius. Four orange frozen concentrated juices, twenty two juices, seven nectars and thirteen orange soft drinks were analyzed. All frozen concentrated orange juices were in agreement with Codex Alimentarius. The majority of not from concentrated orange juices and soft drinks was in accord to Brazilian legislation. The orange nectars could not be compared with the standards because they are not published by MAPA or Codex Alimentarius.