The Multimodal Brain TumorImage Segmentation Benchmark (BRATS)

In this paper we report the set-up and results of the Multimodal Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark (BRATS) organized in conjunction with the MICCAI 2012 and 2013 conferences. Twenty state-of-the-art tumor segmentation algorithms were applied to a set of 65 multi-contrast MR scans of low- and high-grade glioma patients - manually annotated by up to four raters - and to 65 comparable scans generated using tumor image simulation software. Quantitative evaluations revealed considerable disagreement between the human raters in segmenting various tumor sub-regions (Dice scores in the range 74-85%), illustrating the difficulty of this task. We found that different algorithms worked best for different sub-regions (reaching performance comparable to human inter-rater variability), but that no single algorithm ranked in the top for all subregions simultaneously. Fusing several good algorithms using a hierarchical majority vote yielded segmentations that consistently ranked above all individual algorithms, indicating remaining opportunities for further methodological improvements. The BRATS image data and manual annotations continue to be publicly available through an online evaluation system as an ongoing benchmarking resource.

Evaluación de desempeño docente : valoración de la situación funcional

El sistema de evaluación de desempeño docente está reglamentado desde 1993 en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, año en que se puso en vigencia en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. La normativa que lo rige menciona la situación funcional como elemento a evaluar, sin embargo no aporta criterios para ello. El objetivo de este trabajo fue relevar variables que, solas o en la forma de indicadores, permitieran detectar causas de actividad diferenciada por categoría, dedicación y ubicación curricular de los docentes. Se utilizó una encuesta autogestionada, asignada a los docentes mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado. Los datos se procesaron mediante técnicas uni, bi y multivariadas. Con relación a las cuatro categorías establecidas en el Estatuto no se advirtieron diferencias notables en los tipos de actividades realizadas. Se hallaron diferencias para la dedicación docente y los ciclos curriculares (básico, instrumental y profesional). Se concluyó que: a) las categorías trabajan en forma pareja, pero los Profesores Titulares tienen mayor participación en posgrado; b) sólo los docentes de dedicación exclusiva cuentan con tiempo para realizar tareas de investigación, servicios y extensión; c) los docentes de los ciclos básico e instrumental desarrollan actividad más intensa en todas las áreas que los del ciclo profesional.

Gestión óptima de embalses en avenidas incorporando al concepto de incertidumbre : aplicación a embalses con central hidroeléctrica

Esta tesis realiza una contribución metodológica al problema de la gestión óptima de embalses hidroeléctricos durante eventos de avenidas, considerando un enfoque estocástico y multiobjetivo. Para ello se propone una metodología de evaluación de estrategias de laminación en un contexto probabilístico y multiobjetivo. Además se desarrolla un entorno dinámico de laminación en tiempo real con pronósticos que combina un modelo de optimización y algoritmos de simulación. Estas herramientas asisten a los gestores de las presas en la toma de decisión respecto de cuál es la operación más adecuada del embalse. Luego de una detallada revisión de la bibliografía, se observó que los trabajos en el ámbito de la gestión óptima de embalses en avenidas utilizan, en general, un número reducido de series de caudales o hidrogramas para caracterizar los posibles escenarios. Limitando el funcionamiento satisfactorio de un modelo determinado a situaciones hidrológicas similares. Por otra parte, la mayoría de estudios disponibles en este ámbito abordan el problema de la laminación en embalses multipropósito durante la temporada de avenidas, con varios meses de duración. Estas características difieren de la realidad de la gestión de embalses en España. Con los avances computacionales en materia de gestión de información en tiempo real, se observó una tendencia a la implementación de herramientas de operación en tiempo real con pronósticos para determinar la operación a corto plazo (involucrando el control de avenidas). La metodología de evaluación de estrategias propuesta en esta tesis se basa en determinar el comportamiento de éstas frente a un espectro de avenidas características de la solicitación hidrológica. Con ese fin, se combina un sistema de evaluación mediante indicadores y un entorno de generación estocástica de avenidas, obteniéndose un sistema implícitamente estocástico. El sistema de evaluación consta de tres etapas: caracterización, síntesis y comparación, a fin de poder manejar la compleja estructura de datos resultante y realizar la evaluación. En la primera etapa se definen variables de caracterización, vinculadas a los aspectos que se quieren evaluar (seguridad de la presa, control de inundaciones, generación de energía, etc.). Estas variables caracterizan el comportamiento del modelo para un aspecto y evento determinado. En la segunda etapa, la información de estas variables se sintetiza en un conjunto de indicadores, lo más reducido posible. Finalmente, la comparación se lleva a cabo a partir de la comparación de esos indicadores, bien sea mediante la agregación de dichos objetivos en un indicador único, o bien mediante la aplicación del criterio de dominancia de Pareto obteniéndose un conjunto de soluciones aptas. Esta metodología se aplicó para calibrar los parámetros de un modelo de optimización de embalse en laminación y su comparación con otra regla de operación, mediante el enfoque por agregación. Luego se amplió la metodología para evaluar y comparar reglas de operación existentes para el control de avenidas en embalses hidroeléctricos, utilizando el criterio de dominancia. La versatilidad de la metodología permite otras aplicaciones, tales como la determinación de niveles o volúmenes de seguridad, o la selección de las dimensiones del aliviadero entre varias alternativas. Por su parte, el entorno dinámico de laminación al presentar un enfoque combinado de optimización-simulación, permite aprovechar las ventajas de ambos tipos de modelos, facilitando la interacción con los operadores de las presas. Se mejoran los resultados respecto de los obtenidos con una regla de operación reactiva, aun cuando los pronósticos se desvían considerablemente del hidrograma real. Esto contribuye a reducir la tan mencionada brecha entre el desarrollo teórico y la aplicación práctica asociada a los modelos de gestión óptima de embalses. This thesis presents a methodological contribution to address the problem about how to operate a hydropower reservoir during floods in order to achieve an optimal management considering a multiobjective and stochastic approach. A methodology is proposed to assess the flood control strategies in a multiobjective and probabilistic framework. Additionally, a dynamic flood control environ was developed for real-time operation, including forecasts. This dynamic platform combines simulation and optimization models. These tools may assist to dam managers in the decision making process, regarding the most appropriate reservoir operation to be implemented. After a detailed review of the bibliography, it was observed that most of the existing studies in the sphere of flood control reservoir operation consider a reduce number of hydrographs to characterize the reservoir inflows. Consequently, the adequate functioning of a certain strategy may be limited to similar hydrologic scenarios. In the other hand, most of the works in this context tackle the problem of multipurpose flood control operation considering the entire flood season, lasting some months. These considerations differ from the real necessity in the Spanish context. The implementation of real-time reservoir operation is gaining popularity due to computational advances and improvements in real-time data management. The methodology proposed in this thesis for assessing the strategies is based on determining their behavior for a wide range of floods, which are representative of the hydrological forcing of the dam. An evaluation algorithm is combined with a stochastic flood generation system to obtain an implicit stochastic analysis framework. The evaluation system consists in three stages: characterizing, synthesizing and comparing, in order to handle the complex structure of results and, finally, conduct the evaluation process. In the first stage some characterization variables are defined. These variables should be related to the different aspects to be evaluated (such as dam safety, flood protection, hydropower, etc.). Each of these variables characterizes the behavior of a certain operating strategy for a given aspect and event. In the second stage this information is synthesized obtaining a reduced group of indicators or objective functions. Finally, the indicators are compared by means of an aggregated approach or by a dominance criterion approach. In the first case, a single optimum solution may be achieved. However in the second case, a set of good solutions is obtained. This methodology was applied for calibrating the parameters of a flood control model and to compare it with other operating policy, using an aggregated method. After that, the methodology was extent to assess and compared some existing hydropower reservoir flood control operation, considering the Pareto approach. The versatility of the method allows many other applications, such as determining the safety levels, defining the spillways characteristics, among others. The dynamic framework for flood control combines optimization and simulation models, exploiting the advantages of both techniques. This facilitates the interaction between dam operators and the model. Improvements are obtained applying this system when compared with a reactive operating policy, even if the forecasts deviate significantly from the observed hydrograph. This approach contributes to reduce the gap between the theoretical development in the field of reservoir management and its practical applications.

Instalación de un sistema funcional sobre un computador convencional

En esta tesis se tratan dos aspectos fundamentales de los sistemas funcionales, de cuyo tratamiento depende, en gran medida, la eficiencia de tales sistemas. En primer lugar, se presentan y evalúan una serie de soluciones al problema de representación interna en los sistemas funcionales, soluciones basadas en la utilización de estructuras lineales para obtener una mejora en el tiempo de ejecución y en la ocupación de la memoria del sistema. En segundo lugar, se presenta un sistema de evaluación multitarea para reducir programas funcionales, basado en la especificación de varios ficheros de salida. En él, las tareas del sistema evalúan, de forma concurrente, las diversas partes del resultado de un programa y se .comunican entre sí en base a mensajes que permiten detectar y resolver, sin necesidad de abortar la ejecución, bucles de dependencias entre tareas. El sistema reacciona ante estas situaciones de error de forma comedida, de modo que este error no afecta al resto de las tareas del sistema. Se plantea también un mecanismo de gestión de memoria, mecanismo que introduce una tarea especial en el sistema, encargada de la gestión de una memoria común a todo él, y satisface las necesidades de memoria de las tareas de forma, transparente al mecanismo de evaluación.---ABSTRACT---Two fundamental aspects of functional systems, of which their efficiency to a large extent depends, are dealt with in this thesis. Firstly, several solutions to the internal representation problem of functional systems are proposed and evaluated. These solutions are based on the use of linear data structures in order to achieve a shorter execution time and smaller memory requirement. Secondly, a new multitask evaluation system for the reduction of functional programs is described; it is based on the specifücation of several output files. In this evaluation system, the task evaluates in the different parts of the program result concurrently. Tasks communicate one another through messages, which make it possible to detect and solve the dependency loops within tasks. The program does not need to be aborted, the sistem reacts to such error situations in a smooth way, no other tasks are affected. A memory management system is also introduced. This management system inserts a special task, that carries-out the management of a common memory and serves all tasks memory requirements in a transparent mode to the evaluation mechanism.

Environmental impact indicators estimation in European rural devlopment programs. Limitations of evaluators and financial institutions? Expectatios

The European Commission established Mid-term evaluation for the period 2007-2013 on Rural Development Programs as part of a continuous evaluation system. Mid-term evaluations are important for the Commission because they help measuring the success of a program, as well as giving advice and pointing out good practices for the current and consecutive programming periods. One of the main elements used to achieve these objectives is the impact indicators estimation of the program. This paper will focus on how impact indicators estimation is done for just the environmental indicators. To do this the 88 Mid-term evaluations of Rural Development Programs for 2007-2013 period, were analyzed. This study shows how far the actual methodologies to obtain impact indicators? values are from what the European Commission expects when demanding this task to be done.

Robust Real-time Vision-based Aircraft Tracking From Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.

Aircraft tracking plays a key and important role in the Sense-and-Avoid system of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This paper presents a novel robust visual tracking algorithm for UAVs in the midair to track an arbitrary aircraft at real-time frame rates, together with a unique evaluation system. This visual algorithm mainly consists of adaptive discriminative visual tracking method, Multiple-Instance (MI) learning approach, Multiple-Classifier (MC) voting mechanism and Multiple-Resolution (MR) representation strategy, that is called Adaptive M3 tracker, i.e. AM3. In this tracker, the importance of test sample has been integrated to improve the tracking stability, accuracy and real-time performances. The experimental results show that this algorithm is more robust, efficient and accurate against the existing state-of-art trackers, overcoming the problems generated by the challenging situations such as obvious appearance change, variant surrounding illumination, partial aircraft occlusion, blur motion, rapid pose variation and onboard mechanical vibration, low computation capacity and delayed information communication between UAVs and Ground Station (GS). To our best knowledge, this is the first work to present this tracker for solving online learning and tracking freewill aircraft/intruder in the UAVs.

Los programas de regularización urbana en Brasil y su adecuación a los nuevos paradigmas urbanos tras el "Estatuto da Cidade": un estudio de casos en la ciudad de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul

En América Latina, y en Brasil en particular, las ocupaciones informales de la tierra urbana se tornaran un fenómeno generalizado en todas las ciudades, hecho que evidencio una serie de problemas urbanos y de ineficiencia en el proveimiento de los derechos básicos de los ciudadanos, principalmente el derecho a la morada digna, con eso, trajo la necesidad de priorización de política publicas curativas, como los programas de regularización urbana, cuyo objetivo es la inserción de las ocupaciones informales en la ciudad formal, con todos los impactos que eso genera: urbanísticos, legales, sociales y económicos. La ley federal intitulado Estatuto da Cidade (EC), reglamentada en 2001, es entendida como un avanzo jurídico por justamente intentar contrabalancear ese contexto, trayendo una serie de principios e instrumentos que buscan garantizar la función social de la propiedad y de la ciudad. Esa nueva lógica, en la teoría, tiene que ser la base de todas las políticas urbanas del país. Con eso, esa tesis tiene como objetivo evaluar si, realmente, los programas de regularización urbana desarrollados en Brasil cumplen con los dictámenes de dicha legislación. Para eso, fue elegido la metodología del estudio de caso, que fue desarrollado en la ciudad de Porto Alegre, capital del Rio Grande do Sul. Primero fue analizado el Estatuto da Cidade, para la definición de los principios de evaluación, luego, fue propuesto un sistema de evaluación, que fue aplicado en los dos casos estudiados: un anterior a la promulgación del EC, el Condominio dos Anjos, que serbio como parámetro referencial, y otro desarrollado tras la promulgación de dicha legislación, el Programa Integrado Entrada da Cidade (PIEC). Tras los análisis, se puede concluir que la legislación federal efectivamente no ha tenido el reflejo necesario, como conclusiones principales se puede citar: que la legislación municipal de Porto Alegre desde la década 90 ya tenía avances considerables, incluso algunos sirvieron de ejemplo en la elaboración del EC, luego, eso puede explicar el bajo impacto percibido; y que el principal fiscalizador y delineador de la política urbana es el financiador del programa, luego, muchas estrategias y dibujos proyectuales dependen de la línea de dicha financiación. ABSTRACT In Latin America, and Brazil in particular, informal urban land occupations pervasive be turned into all cities, a fact evidenced a series of urban problems and inefficiency to provide the basic rights of citizens, mainly the right to a decent housing, with that, brought the need for prioritization of public policy, such as urban regularization programs, aimed at the inclusion of informal occupations in the formal city, with all the impacts that generates: urban, legal, social and economic. Federal law entitled Estatuto da Cidade (EC), regulated in 2001, is understood as a legal advanced for just try to counterbalance this context, bringing a number of principles and instruments that seek to guarantee the social function of property and the city. This new logic, in theory, has to be the basis of all urban policies of the country. With that, this thesis aims to assess whether urban regularization programs developed in Brazil, actually, comply with the dictates of that legislation. For that, it was elected the methodology of the case study, which was developed in the city of Porto Alegre, capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was first analyzed the EC, for defining the principles for evaluation, then, was proposed an evaluation system, which was applied in two case studies: one before the promulgation of the EC, the Condominio dos Anjos, which used as a reference parameter, and another developed following the enactment of this legislation, the Program Integrate Entrada da Cidade (PIEC). After the analysis, it can be concluded that the federal legislation has not actually had the reflection necessary, main conclusions can be cited: the municipal legislation in Porto Alegre, since the early 90s, had considerable progress, including some served as an example in developing the EC, then, that may explain the low perceived impact; the principal auditor and eyeliner urban policy is the founder of the program, of course, many strategies and project drawings depend on the line of financing.

O Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) em adultos: dados normativos para o sistema morvaliano

No contexto da pesquisa e utilização prática das técnicas de autoexpressão, o Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT) apresenta reconhecidas vantagens. Apesar de linhas de pesquisa bastante desenvolvidas internacionalmente, não existem estudos atuais sobre as propriedades deste instrumento no Brasil, levantando a necessidade de conhecer seus alcances e limites nesse contexto cultural. Desse modo, o desenvolvimento de normas que descrevam o desempenho típico de uma população não clínica se mostra um importante passo inicial rumo à retomada da pesquisa com o TAT e sua adoção por profissionais. Tendo em vista que a validação das técnicas de autoexpressão se refere aos sistemas de classificação e não aos instrumentos em si, o presente estudo adotou, dentre a miríade de sistemas de categorização das histórias do TAT descritos na literatura, o sistema proposto por Monique Morval, que foi desenvolvido para estudantes e profissionais com pouca experiência com o TAT, utilizando pressupostos da Personologia de Henry Murray, Psicologia Cognitiva e Psicologia do Ego, possibilitando leituras objetivas e qualitativas do material. Considerando o potencial de utilização desse sistema por parte dos psicólogos brasileiros - visto sua semelhança com o atual sistema aprovado para uso pelo Sistema de Avaliação dos Testes Psicológicos (SATEPSI) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia - foram feitos aprimoramentos no assim chamado sistema morvaliano, possibilitando sua adoção no estudo normativo proposto pelo presente projeto. Tais aprimoramentos consistiram na revisão e adição de categorias e subcategorias, a partir de trabalhos brasileiros e internacionais sobre o instrumento. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver normas para o TAT (Sistema Morvaliano) em adultos, a partir de uma amostra não clínica, aleatória e estratificada por critérios de idade, sexo, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico (NSE) da cidade de Ribeirão Preto (SP). Os participantes foram 100 adultos (25 a 44 anos de idade), selecionados através de visita a domicílios sorteados em bairros de diferentes NSE. Foram realizadas entrevistas de avaliação psicológica individuais, utilizando um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, o Teste de Inteligência Geral Não-Verbal (TIG-NV) e 20 cartões do TAT, pré-selecionados de acordo com as recomendações do manual original do instrumento. As histórias do TAT foram categorizadas no sistema morvaliano revisado e seus dados passaram por análises estatísticas e sínteses qualitativas em busca de diferenças de desempenho relacionadas ao sexo, escolaridade e NSE. Os resultados mostram poucas diferenças entre os grupos que justifiquem a elaboração de normas específicas; apesar disso, foi identificada uma tendência (ainda que pequena) de o nível de escolaridade e o NSE favorecerem um melhor desempenho nas variáveis relativas à organização formal das histórias. São discutidas as implicações dos dados obtidos em termos do perfil normativo de desempenho nas variáveis do sistema morvaliano, suas evidências preliminares de validade e futuras direções para estudos sobre o TAT nesse sistema.

Random exams using Sweave

The adaptation of the Spanish University to the European Higher Education Area (EEES in Spanish) demands the integration of new tools and skills that would make the teaching- learning process easier. This adaptation involves a change in the evaluation methods, which goes from a system where the student was evaluated with a final exam, to a new system where we include a continuous evaluation in which the final exam may represent at most 50% in the vast majority of the Universities. Devising a new and fair continuous evaluation system is not an easy task to do. That would mean a student’s’ learning process follow-up by the teachers, and as a consequence an additional workload on existing staff resources. Traditionally, the continuous evaluation is associated with the daily work of the student and a collection of the different marks partly or entirely based on the work they do during the academic year. Now, small groups of students and an attendance control are important aspects to take into account in order to get an adequate assessment of the students. However, most of the university degrees have groups with more than 70 students, and the attendance control is a complicated task to perform, mostly because it consumes significant amounts of staff time. Another problem found is that the attendance control would encourage not-interested students to be present at class, which might cause some troubles to their classmates. After a two year experience in the development of a continuous assessment in Statistics subjects in Social Science degrees, we think that individual and periodical tasks are the best way to assess results. These tasks or examinations must be done in classroom during regular lessons, so we need an efficient system to put together different and personal questions in order to prevent students from cheating. In this paper we provide an efficient and effective way to elaborate random examination papers by using Sweave, a tool that generates data, graphics and statistical calculus from the software R and shows results in PDF documents created by Latex. In this way, we will be able to design an exam template which could be compiled in order to generate as many PDF documents as it is required, and at the same time, solutions are provided to easily correct them.

Construction of Structures I in Moodle: a new teaching methodology in the Degree of Building Engineer

The subject of Construction of Structures I studies, from a constructive point of view and taking into account current legislation, reinforced concrete structures used in buildings, through the acquisition of knowledge and construction criteria required in the profession of a Technical Architect. The contents acquired in this course are essential for further professional development of technicians and are closely related to many of the subjects taught in the same or other courses of the Degree in Technical Architecture at the University of Alicante. The aim of this paper is to present, analyze and discuss the development of a new methodology proposed in the mentioned subject, as it supposed an important change in the traditional way of teaching Construction and Structures I. In order to incorporate new teaching tools in 2013-2014, the course has been implemented by using a Moodle software tool to promote blended learning with online exercises. Our Moodle community allows collaborative work within an open-source platform where teachers and students share a new and personalized learning environment. Students are easily used to the interface and the platform, value the constant connection with teachers or other fellows and completely agree with the possibility of making questions or share documents 24 hours a day. The proposed methodology consists of lectures and practical classes. In the lectures, the basics of each topic are discussed; class attendance, daily study and conducting scheduled exercises are indispensable. Practical classes allow to consolidate the knowledge gained in theory classes by solving professional exercises and actual construction problems related to structures, that shall be compulsorily delivered online. So, after the correction of the teacher and the subsequent feedback of students, practical exercises ensure lifelong learning of the student, who can download any kind of material at any time (constructive details, practical exercises and even corrected exams). Regarding the general evaluation system, goals achievement is assessed on an ongoing basis (65% of the final mark) along the course through written and graphic evidences in person and online, as well as a individual development of a workbook. In all cases, the acquisition of skills, the ability to synthesize, the capacity of logical and critical thinking are assessed. The other 35 % of the mark is evaluated by a complementary graphic exam. Participation in the computing platform is essential and the student is required to do and present, at least 90% of the practices proposed. Those who do not comply with the practices in each specific date could not be assessed continuously and may only choose the final exam. In conclusion, the subject of Construction of Structures I is essential in the development of the regulated profession of Technical Architect as they are considered, among other professional profiles, as specialists in construction of building structures. The use of a new communication platform and online teaching allows the acquisition of knowledge and constructive approaches in a continuous way, with a more direct and personal monitoring by the teacher that has been highly appreciated by almost 100% of the students. Ultimately, it is important to say that the use of Moodle in this subject is a very interesting tool, which was really well welcome by students in one of the densest and important subjects of the Degree of Technical Architecture.

La evaluación de los aprendizajes en los sMOOC. Estudio de caso en el Proyecto Europeo ECO

El siguiente artículo hace una reflexión crítica sobre los MOOC, prestando especial atención al análisis de los nuevos sistemas de evaluación; en concreto, el método peer to peer, y cómo esto afecta al rol de docentes y estudiantes. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo tomando como referencia dos sMOOC liderados por el Proyecto Europeo ECO (Elearning, Communication and Open-data: Massive Mobile, Ubiquitous and Open Learning). Los resultados que se presentan han sido analizados desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, utilizando como muestra a los miembros de la comunidad de aprendizaje que han participado en ambos cursos. A través de la utilización de un cuestionario se ha podido conocer cómo han valorado su experiencia formativa y su grado de satisfacción. La mitad de los sujetos encuestados ha considerado adecuado y justo el nuevo sistema evaluativo, sin embargo existe otra mitad que lo considera injusto y que tiene lagunas. Se ha abordado la evaluación como una parte intrínseca del proceso educativo y por ello se ha enfatizado en aspectos como el empoderamiento del alumnado, la cultura de la participación y la interacción social, conceptos que nos acercan a nuevos modelos de aprendizaje que potencian el intelecto colectivo y dejan atrás sistemas transmisivos de conocimiento.

Relação das Perceções de Justiça Organizacional na Avaliação de Desempenho

A avaliação de desempenho é utilizada pelas organizações para aprovisionar os programas de desenvolvimento, distribuição de recompensas e, também, para fornecer uma perceção de justiça aos trabalhadores em relação às suas tarefas, aos postos de trabalho, à organização, às chefias e aos departamentos. É um processo contínuo através do qual a comunicação é afetivamente feita entre as chefias e os funcionários de uma organização. O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar o sistema de avaliação de desempenho no âmbito da justiça organizacional, e, mais especificamente, dos três tipos de justiça, designadamente, a justiça distributiva, a justiça procedimental e a justiça interacional. Assim, pretende-se conhecer a perceção dos militares em relação à distribuição de resultados na avaliação de desempenho, à forma como se processa a avaliação de desempenho e à dinâmica das relações na avaliação de desempenho. A amostra deste estudo foram 231 militares, das categorias de Oficiais e Sargentos, de várias especialidades, da Força Aérea Portuguesa. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário disponibilizado a todos os militares dos Quadros Permanentes da Força Aérea. Pelos resultados obtidos, observou-se que há perceção de justiça organizacional no sistema de avaliação do mérito nos militares da Força Aérea, com coeficientes positivos em todas as dimensões de justiça. Destaca-se a justiça interpessoal, seguida da distributiva, procedimental, e informacional. Verifica-se ainda que as perceções de justiça procedimental e informacional estão muito próximas.

Commercial nuclear power.

"DOE/EIA-0438."

Borderless Fandom and Contemporary Popular Cultural Scene in Chinese Cyberspace

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

ENTRE NÚMEROS E PALAVRAS: DIFERENÇAS QUE COLIDEM NO FRACASSO ESCOLAR

Esta dissertação - Entre números e palavras: diferenças que colidem no fracasso escolar - procura observar, inicialmente, as diretrizes curriculares e os sistemas avaliativos, com ênfase sobre o Currículo Oficial, instituído em 2008, e o Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar (SARESP) do Estado de São Paulo, para, posteriormente, buscar compreender as relações que se estabelecem quando observados pelo discurso dos professores, que em sala de aula são o ponto de contato entre o currículo e os alunos. Para tanto, além da análise dos documentos curriculares e dos sistemas de avaliação oficiais, referendamo-nos em pressupostos teóricos relacionados ao campo curricular, tendo como principal viés os conceitos de Capital Cultural e Habitus desenvolvidos por Pierre Bourdieu. A partir destas discussões e conceitos se organizam as entrevistas realizadas com professores de Língua Portuguesa do 9º ano do ensino fundamental da rede pública do Estado de São Paulo, em que buscamos problematizar o Currículo Oficial, as metas e resultados de desempenho estabelecidos pelo SARESP, as relações de poder e ideologia presentes nas diretrizes curriculares no encontro com o Capital Cultual dos alunos. Deste modo, este estudo observa um amplo conjunto de práticas que mobilizam as ações educativas, com reflexos sobre o funcionamento da escola, bem como sobre os professores e os alunos; bem como, problematiza a constituição de diretrizes curriculares, o estabelecimento de currículos oficiais e sua unicidade, os resultados advindos das avaliações sistêmicas, as relações de poder e ideologias que atravessam os documentos oficiais e sua influência sobre a formação escolar dos alunos.