Combining artificial intelligence and human problem solving: Proposing a new architecture for ITS's

This paper shows a comparative study between the Artificial Intelligence Problem Solving and the Human Problem Solving. The study is based on the solution by many ways of problems proposed via multiple-choice questions. General techniques used by humans to solve this kind of problems are grouped in blocks and each block is divided in steps. A new architecture for ITS - Intelligent Tutoring System is proposed to support experts' knowledge representation and novices' activities. Problems are represented by a text and feasible answers with particular meaning and form, to be rigorously analyzed by the solver to find the right one. Paths through a conceptual space of states represent each right solution.

Fuzzy distributed artificial intelligence systems

In this paper, we introduce a DAI approach called hereinafter Fuzzy Distributed Artificial Intelligence (FDAI). Through the use of fuzzy logic, we have been able to develop mechanisms that we feel may effectively improve current DAI systems, giving much more flexibility and providing the subsidies which a formal theory can bring. The appropriateness of the FDAI approach is explored in an important application, a fuzzy distributed traffic-light control system, where we have been able to aggregate and study several issues concerned with fuzzy and distributed artificial intelligence. We also present a number of current research directions necessary to develop the FDAI approach more fully.

The construction of a juridical ontology

The need for the representation of both semantics and common sense and its organization in a lexical database or knowledge base has motivated the development of large projects, such as Wordnets, CYC and Mikrokosmos. Besides the generic bases, another approach is the construction of ontologies for specific domains. Among the advantages of such approach there is the possibility of a greater and more detailed coverage of a specific domain and its terminology. Domain ontologies are important resources in several tasks related to the language processing, especially in those related to information retrieval and extraction in textual bases. Information retrieval or even question and answer systems can benefit from the domain knowledge represented in an ontology. Besides embracing the terminology of the field, the ontology makes the relationships among the terms explicit. Copyright 2007 ACM.

Selecting candidate labels for hierarchical document clusters using association rules

One way to organize knowledge and make its search and retrieval easier is to create a structural representation divided by hierarchically related topics. Once this structure is built, it is necessary to find labels for each of the obtained clusters. In many cases the labels have to be built using only the terms in the documents of the collection. This paper presents the SeCLAR (Selecting Candidate Labels using Association Rules) method, which explores the use of association rules for the selection of good candidates for labels of hierarchical document clusters. The candidates are processed by a classical method to generate the labels. The idea of the proposed method is to process each parent-child relationship of the nodes as an antecedent-consequent relationship of association rules. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the precision and recall of labels obtained by classical methods. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Análise bibliométrica da revista Scire: Um estudo de colaboração científica institucional

The aim of this research is to make a bibliometric analysis of the journal Scire: Representación y Organización del Conocimiento, edited in Spain, in order to evidence the most productive institutions and countries, as well as to build a cooperation network and calculate the density indicators, centrality degree and betweenness. The 292 articles of the period 1996 to 2010 were analyzed. It was found out that, of the institutions participating in the articles, 25 institutions have been clearly the most productive. Almost all of them are Spanish, except four Brazilian ones and three more from three different countries. The institutional network showed a low density, but several cooperative sub-networks were identified, which suggest the existence of an international dialogue among researchers on the discipline.

Development of a simplified transmission line model directly in the phase domain

A transmission line digital model is developed direct in the phase and time domains. The successive modal transformations considered in the three-phase representation are simplified and then the proposed model can be easily applied to several operation condition based only on the previous knowing of the line parameters, without a thorough theoretical knowledge of modal analysis. The proposed model is also developed based on lumped elements, providing a complete current and voltage profile at any point of the transmission system. This model makes possible the modeling of non-linear power devices and electromagnetic phenomena along the transmission line using simple electric circuit components, representing a great advantage when compared to several models based on distributed parameters and inverse transforms. In addition, an efficient integration method is proposed to solve the system of differential equations resulted from the line modeling by lumped elements, thereby making possible simulations of transient and steady state using a wide and constant integration step. © 2012 IEEE.

Uma ferramenta para captura de ontologias baseada na técnica ISM

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEB

Aspectos éticos em representação do conhecimento: em busca do diálogo entre Antonio Garcia Gutiérrez, Michèle Hudon e Clare Beghtol

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do uso de linguagem documentária em catálogos coletivos de bibliotecas universitárias: um estudo sociocognitivo com protocolo verbal

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

Aspectos éticos em representação do conhecimento em temáticas relativas à homossexualidade masculina: uma análise da precisão em linguagens de indexação brasileiras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A representação documentária do domínio da Economia: análise de estruturas de representação em linguagens documentárias e documentos específicos de economia

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

Representação iterativa e folksonomia assistida para repositórios digitais

Information retrieval has been much discussed within Information Science lately. The search for quality information compatible with the users needs became the object of constant research.Using the Internet as a source of dissemination of knowledge has suggested new models of information storage, such as digital repositories, which have been used in academic research as the main form of autoarchiving and disseminating information, but with an information structure that suggests better descriptions of resources and hence better retrieval.Thus the objective is to improve the process of information retrieval, presenting a proposal for a structural model in the context of the semantic web, addressing the use of web 2.0 and web 3.0 in digital repositories, enabling semantic retrieval of information through building a data layer called Iterative Representation.The present study is characterized as descriptive and analytical, based on document analysis, divided into two parts: the first, characterized by direct observation of non-participatory tools that implement digital repositories, as well as digital repositories already instantiated, and the second with scanning feature, which suggests an innovative model for repositories, with the use of structures of knowledge representation and user participation in building a vocabulary domain. The model suggested and proposed ─ Iterative Representation ─ will allow to tailor the digital repositories using Folksonomy and also controlled vocabulary of the field in order to generate a data layer iterative, which allows feedback information, and semantic retrieval of information, through the structural model designed for repositories. The suggested model resulted in the formulation of the thesis that through Iterative Representation it is possible to establish a process of semantic retrieval of information in digital repositories.

Problemas éticos em representação do conhecimento: uma abordagem teórica

Considering that knowledge representation consists in a constant decision-making and that its products must be reliable, this paper highlights the existence of ethical problems in this context with undeniable damage to the user. Thefore, from a theorethical excerpt of the international literature regarding the ethical aspects involved in knowledge organization and representation, this study gets to the reflection of: a) the biases in knowledge representation; and b) non-neutrality of its processes, instruments and products, as subsidies to the outlining of possible ethical problems regarding the user as well as the role of information professional.

Cogeneration design problem Computational complexity analysis and solution through an expert system

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is twofold: to analyze the computational complexity of the cogeneration design problem; to present an expert system to solve the proposed problem, comparing such an approach with the traditional searching methods available.Design/methodology/approach - The complexity of the cogeneration problem is analyzed through the transformation of the well-known knapsack problem. Both problems are formulated as decision problems and it is proven that the cogeneration problem is np-complete. Thus, several searching approaches, such as population heuristics and dynamic programming, could be used to solve the problem. Alternatively, a knowledge-based approach is proposed by presenting an expert system and its knowledge representation scheme.Findings - The expert system is executed considering two case-studies. First, a cogeneration plant should meet power, steam, chilled water and hot water demands. The expert system presented two different solutions based on high complexity thermodynamic cycles. In the second case-study the plant should meet just power and steam demands. The system presents three different solutions, and one of them was never considered before by our consultant expert.Originality/value - The expert system approach is not a "blind" method, i.e. it generates solutions based on actual engineering knowledge instead of the searching strategies from traditional methods. It means that the system is able to explain its choices, making available the design rationale for each solution. This is the main advantage of the expert system approach over the traditional search methods. On the other hand, the expert system quite likely does not provide an actual optimal solution. All it can provide is one or more acceptable solutions.

Bias in the indexing languages Theorethical approaches about feminine issues

The process of knowledge representation as well as its procedures or tools and its products are not neutral in terms of values; instead they imply moral values. In this context, bias in representation related to prejudice and discrimination, to gender issues, to dicotomic categorization in classification systems or in thesauri and to lack of cultural warrant may arise. Concerning the problem of bias in indexing languages, starting from the initial theoretical reflexions of Brey (1999), Berman (1993), Olson (1998; 2002), Lopez-Huertas Perez & Torres Ramirez (2005), Guimaraes (2006), Hjorland (2008) and Milani et al. (2009), the proposal is to present a preliminary categorization aiming at facilitating the identification of bias concerning feminine issues in indexing languages, to offer a contribution to the theoretical universe of the specific questions of knowledge organization and to present a theme to be discussed by educators and professionals in the areas of cataloging, classification and indexing. If in a society which intends to be politically correct, social attitudes towards stigmatized citizens should be modified, then, the universe of indexing languages, taken as tools of knowledge representation, is a fertile field to sow this reflexion.