A coupled knowledge-based expert system for design of liquid-retaining structures

This paper describes a coupled knowledge-based system (KBS) for the design of liquid-retaining structures, which can handle both the symbolic knowledge processing based on engineering heuristics in the preliminary synthesis stage and the extensive numerical crunching involved in the detailed analysis stage. The prototype system is developed by employing blackboard architecture and a commercial shell VISUAL RULE STUDIO. Its present scope covers design of three types of liquid-retaining structures, namely, a rectangular shape with one compartment, a rectangular shape with two compartments and a circular shape. Through custom-built interactive graphical user interfaces, the user is directed throughout the design process, which includes preliminary design, load specification, model generation, finite element analysis, code compliance checking and member sizing optimization. It is also integrated with various relational databases that provide the system with sectional properties, moment and shear coefficients and final member details. This system can act as a consultant to assist novice designers in the design of liquid-retaining structures with increase in efficiency and optimization of design output and automated record keeping. The design of a typical example of the liquid-retaining structure is also illustrated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Does participation in a pain course based on the international association for the study of pain's curricula guidelines change student knowledge about pain?

The People in Pain course was set up as a joint initiative of the Departments of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy within the School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences at The University of Queensland. It was instigated in response to the publication of Pain Curricula for Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) in 1994 (1). The first year it was offered, the "People in Pain" course comprised 14 h of lecture content. It was then expanded to encompass 28 h of lectures and seminar involvement. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of participation in a university pain course that meets the IASP pain curricula guidelines to increase health professional students' knowledge about pain. METHODS: Students who participated in the People in Pain course over the first three years were invited to complete the Revised Pain Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire (R-PKAQ) pre- and postcourse. Data obtained from 22 students in the short course formed a pilot project, and data from 22 students in the longer version of the course were used in the present study. RESULTS: Examination of the correlation matrix indicated substantial correlations between all R-PKAQ subscales except physiological basis of pain and pharmacological management of pain. In both the pilot project during the first year of the course and the expanded course in the following two years, significant improvement was found in the students' knowledge on five of the six subscales of the R-PKAQ: physiological basis of pain, psychological factors of pain perception, assessment and measurement of pain, cognitive-behavioural methods of pain relief, and pharmacological management of pain. Improvements in the developmental aspects of pain perception subscale failed to reach significance. CONCLUSIONS: An integrated pain course developed according to the pain curriculum guidelines developed by the IASP resulted in increased student knowledge regardless of the length of the program attended.

Procurando outros paradigmas para a educação

Este artigo, inspirado nas propostas de Deleuze e Guattari, faz uma análise das práticas educacionais pautadas no paradigma cientificista. Propõe outras direções de sentido e um redimensionamento da educação com baser no paradigma ético/estético/político trazendo a proposta das "Árvores do Conhecimento"de M. Authier e P. Levy como uma possibilidade de se construírem comunidades de conhecimento, recusando os especialismos.

Tradução como ponte plástica : hibridismo e identidade em verbetes da Wikipédia

Este trabalho apresenta os conceitos de tradução de forma ampla, rompendo com a concepção de transformação de uma mensagem em um determinado código linguístico para outro, na qual busca-se apenas uma equivalência literal. Objetiva-se discutir a partir de teóricos em torno das teorias pós-coloniais e desconstrucionistas como Bhabha (2010), Hall (2006), Derrida (2006), Ottoni (2005), Orlandi (2008) e Niranjana (2011), a possibilidade de reposicionar a tradução, entendendo-a como ferramenta capaz de desconstruir paradigmas dominantes e, assim, recontar histórias, constituindo-se pontes plásticas. Assim, buscar-se-á pensar a tradução, na sua plasticidade, promovendo pontes que manifestam os cruzamentos existentes entre línguas, evidenciando o homem como cruzamento de diversos sujeitos. Como objeto empírico de análise, utilizaremos três verbetes presentes no site Wikipédia, nos quais traços da identidade brasileira estão envolvidos e investigar-se-á, a partir da leitura estereoscópica e da Teoria da Relevância proposta por Speber & Wilson (2001), os nuances nos processos tradutórios que podem contribuir para a forma como o Brasil é representado tanto pelas comunidades locais quanto estrangeiras, levando à constituição de estereótipos. A pesquisa aqui proposta se mostra relevante, uma vez que, objetiva estudar um corpus pouco explorado academicamente, mas em voga socialmente, já que o site Wikipédia se encontra entre os dez mais acessados da atualidade, com mais de 300 milhões de acessos únicos, além da importância de ser uma fonte de construção coletiva do pensamento, reinventando o conceito de enciclopédia. A pesquisa também se torna relevante sob a ótica dos estudos da tradução já que discorre sobre a importância do tradutor como ferramenta de formação de identidades sejam nacionais, culturais e sociais, além de propor o conceito híbrido de tradução-resenha, como uma tendência ao mundo multilingual contemporâneo

O paradigma sistêmico na Ciência Econômica : convergências entre Veblen, estruturas dissipativas e autopoiese

O debate entre os paradigmas da mecânica e o sistêmico tem causado importantes revoluções nos mais diversos campos de conhecimento, principalmente na física, química e biologia. Sendo assim, esta dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar como as teorias sistêmicas mais recentes desenvolvidas na química, a partir de Prigogine, e na biologia, conforme Maturana e Varela, podem contribuir para a abordagem institucionalista de Veblen. Para isso, apoiar-se-á na hipótese fornecida pela Teoria Geral dos Sistemas, de Bertalanffy (2006), no qual se refere que os princípios que regem um determinado sistema independem das particularidades de seus componentes mas do modo como estes se inter-relacionam. Assim, a convergência entre estas três teorias passa a ser válida uma vez que o tipo de sistema tratado em todas seja caracterizado por: 1) irreversibilidade da trajetória de suas mudanças, 2) com oposição à ideia de equilíbrio e 3) a introdução de uma abordagem evolucionária e com tempo histórico. Este trabalho se inicia a partir da introdução ao debate entre os paradigmas da mecânica e sistêmico surgido no ramo da física. Na sequência apresenta os referenciais teóricos do institucionalismo de Veblen e da teoria das estruturas dissipativas e autopoiese. Em seguida é feito a análise de convergência entre os arcabouços teóricos vistos, e verificado como as abordagens de Prigogine juntamente com a de Maturana e Varela podem contribuir para o estudo das instituições. Por fim é mostrado como a abordagem desenvolvida neste trabalho pode auxiliar no tratamento de questões relacionadas à economia, com ênfase dada especificamente no que tange a economia monetária.

The Knowledge and Use of the Balanced Scorecard in Portugal: Empirical Evidence of the 250 Largest Companies

Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is recognized, both in the academic and business world, as one of the most powerful strategic management accounting tools. Thus, we launched in October 2004 a questionnaire survey applied to the 250 largest Portuguese companies aiming at observing the knowledge, use, and companies’ characteristics which are adopting this management instrument. Despite the majority of the companies inquired recognize BSC more as a strategic management tool than a performance valuation system, the results show that there is still a reduced and recent utilization of BSC in Portugal. Similarly to other countries Portugal is still in the initial state of BSC utilization. Our work has shown that the companies that use more BSC belong mainly to the secondary sector of industry. Nevertheless, unlike other studies, we did not get empirical evidence on the influence of variables such as geographical localization, dimension and internationalization, in the use and knowledge of BSC in Portugal.

Linking strategy and the knowledge of the firm

Discovering the ways through which firms develop and maintain competitive advantage is a central research stream in management theory. The objective of this paper is to present a contribution to the discussion of the knowledge of the firm as a source of competitive advantage. The paper states that a firm's success is a consequence of its ability in the continuous development of core competencies that will sustain its competitiveness over time. Core competencies are understood as the sets of knowledge that differentiate a company strategically. The firm must discover, develop, share and update the knowledge that sustains the present and future core competencies. Knowledge management, through processes of knowledge creation and integration, is one way of doing this.

Knowledge and policy action in urban development: if we know so much, why is the urban condition not improving?

In spite of the wealth generation potential of the world's large metropolitan cities, poor living conditions for much of the world's urban population persist. Although the city has been widely studied, urban policy often remains ineffective. The paper adopts a policy process approach to analyze the relationship between knowledge and governmental action. Impediments to improving urban policy are found in the inadequate capacity of government to act and in the politics of democratic decision-making. The paper recommends that a pragmatic view of knowledge generation be adopted.

Knowledge cities: a taxonomy for analyzing software and information service clusters

Software and information services (SIS) have become a field of increasing opportunities for international trade due to the worldwide diffusion of a combination of technological and organizational innovations. In several regions, the software industry is organized in clusters, usually referred to as "knowledge cities" because of the growing importance of knowledge-intensive services in their economy. This paper has two primary objectives. First, it raises three major questions related to the attractiveness of different cities in Argentina and Brazil for hosting software companies and to their impact on local development. Second, a new taxonomy is proposed for grouping clusters according to their dominant business segment, ownership pattern and scope of operations. The purpose of this taxonomy is to encourage further studies and provide an exploratory analytical tool for analyzing software clusters.

Network dynamics in scientific knowledge acquisition: an analysis in three public universities in the state of Bahia

This paper aims to cast some light on the dynamics of knowledge networks in developing countries by analyzing the scientific production of the largest university in the Northeast of Brazil and its influence on some of the remaining regional research institutions in the state of Bahia. Using a methodology test to be employed in a larger project, the Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) (Federal University of Bahia), the Universidade do Estado da Bahia (Uneb) (State of Bahia University) and the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (Uesc)'s (Santa Cruz State University) scientific productions are discussed in one of their most traditionally expressive sectors in academic production - namely, the field of chemistry, using social network analysis of co-authorship networks to investigate the existence of small world phenomena and the importance of these phenomena in research performance in these three universities. The results already obtained through this research bring to light data of considerable interest concerning the scientific production in unconsolidated research universities. It shows the important participation of the UFBA network in the composition of the other two public universities research networks, indicating a possible occurrence of small world phenomena in the UFBA and Uesc networks, as well as the importance of individual researchers in consolidating research networks in peripheral universities. The article also hints that the methodology employed appears to be adequate insofar as scientific production may be used as a proxy for scientific knowledge.

A informação médica e a tomada de decisão em cirurgias refractivas : o uso de recursos audiovisuais a dar suporte à escolha dos utentes

RESUMO: Neste estudo investigou-se a influência dos meios audiovisuais na tomada de decisão pelos utentes em cirurgias oftalmológicas, especialmente nas cirurgias refractivas. A metodologia escolhida integrou métodos quantitativos e qualitativos, com o objectivo de abranger a máxima amplitude da descrição, explicação e compreensão do objecto a ser investigado. Procura-se evidenciar e analisar sentimentos, motivações e atitudes individuais, como escolhas e tomada de decisão, bem como, perceber a relação entre o processo de comunicação médico / paciente e a tomada de decisão. Foram usados: um questionário, material digital e vídeos com as principais cirurgias refractivas apresentadas aos utentes, com uma amostra de n= 150 participantes do Serviço de Oftalmologia da HOSPOR e SAMS Centro de 01 de Julho 2008 a 28 de Fevereiro de 2009, com a faixa etária de 20 a 80 anos, com diagnóstico escolhido. Os dados recolhidos foram analisados pelo SPSS 18. A fundamentação teórica está baseada no estudo da captação e disfunções no trajecto da imagem, observando-se os componentes da aquisição do conhecimento: sensação, percepção, pensamento, consciência, memória, imaginação, linguagem, informação, bem como bioética, comunicação médica e a tomada de decisão, na qual se valoriza a educação do Utente para decidir. O resultado desta investigação aponta para novos paradigmas nos processos de informação / decisão consciente, indicando a necessidade de se investir na educação e na informação médica humanizada aos utentes para haver maior conhecimento, participação, satisfação e eficácia na terapêutica a ser escolhida. ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes how information and communication technologies, in particular the media of some ophthalmologic surgery, can help better decisions meaning new ways of information and new relationship between doctor and patient. This study investigates how doctors take hold of technological resources and discuss the client`s decision. We used the quantitative and qualitative structured interview of client who are visually impaired, especially myopia / hyperopia / astigmatism, presbyopia and cataract. We used a questionnaire, material and digital videos with the leading refractive surgery presented to the clients, with a sample of n = 150 participants of the Department of Ophthalmology, and SAMS HOSPOR Center from 01 July 2008 to 28 February 2009, with range 20 to 80 years, diagnosed chosen. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS. The theoretical study is based on the capture and routing of image and perception, observing neuro-psycho-social components: sensation, perception, visual perception, consciousness, knowledge, memory, imagination, language, information, bioethics and decision-making, in which values education of user to decide. The result of this research points to new paradigms in information processing / conscious decision, indicating the necessity of investing in education and humane medical information to the Users in order to archive a greater awareness,participation, satisfaction and effectiveness in the treatment to choose.

A gestão do conhecimento na administração pública municipal em Curitiba com a aplicação do método OKA - Organizational Knowledge Assessment

O presente artigo objetiva analisar como a gestão do conhecimento se manifesta na administração pública da Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba; para tanto, buscou-se a aplicação do método Organizational Knowledge Assessment (OKA), criado pelo Banco Mundial e organizado pela Escola Nacional de Administração Pública (Enap). No que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos, utilizou-se o estudo de caso como instrumento de pesquisa e coleta dos dados. Como resultado, identificaram-se o processo de avaliação organizacional, indicando as similaridades e distinções do desenvolvimento do método de cada área-fim, e a importância de implantar sistematicamente um processo de avaliação aliado ao planejamento da organização pública com estratégias para disseminar, compartilhar e aplicar o conhecimento produzido.

Health knowledge of prostitutes in Saigon, Vietnam: a study of health attitudes and habits relating to venereal diseases taken from a group of prostitutes

A study of health knowledge and practices of prostitutes is presented here. The study took place at the V. D. Center in Saigon, Vietnam. It was designed with the objective of obtaining information to be used in preparing an educational program to be offered to the prostitutes at the Center, and for using, in preparing educational materials with focus on V. D. prevention. The outline of a course is also presented.