998 resultados para incest taboo, intentionality attributions, moral judgments, Madagascar
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The ancestors of present-day man (Homo sapiens sapiens) appeared in East Africa some three and a half million years ago (Australopithecs), and then migrated to Europe, Asia, and later to the Americas, thus beginning the differentiation process. The passage from nomadic to sedentary life took place in the Middle East in around 8000 BC. Wars, spontaneous migrations and forced migrations (slave trade) led to enormous mixtures of populations in Europe and Africa and favoured the spread of numerous parasitic diseases with specific strains according to geographic area. The three human plasmodia (Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and P. malariae) were imported from Africa into the Mediterranean region with the first human migrations, but it was the Neolithic revolution (sedentarisation, irrigation, population increase) which brought about actual foci for malaria. The reservoir for Leishmania infantum and L. donovani - the dog - has been domesticated for thousands of years. Wild rodents as reservoirs of L. major have also long been in contact with man and probably were imported from tropical Africa across the Sahara. L. tropica, by contrast, followed the migrations of man, its only reservoir. L. infantum and L. donovani spread with man and his dogs from West Africa. Likewise, for thousands of years, the dog has played an important role in the spread and the endemic character of hydatidosis through sheep (in Europe and North Africa) and dromadary (in the Sahara and North Africa). Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni have existed since prehistoric times in populations living in or passing through the Sahara. These populations then transported them to countries of Northern Africa where the specific, intermediary hosts were already present. Madagascar was inhabited by populations of Indonesian origin who imported lymphatic filariosis across the Indian Ocean (possibly of African origin since the Indonesian sailors had spent time on the African coast before reaching Madagascar). Migrants coming from Africa and Arabia brought with them the two African forms of bilharziosis: S. haematobium and S. mansoni.
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The International Longevity Centre - UK��launched a new paper (Wednesday, 6th July 2011). The last taboo: A guide to dementia, sexuality, intimacy and sexual behaviour in care homes, provides care home workers and managers with information and practical advice on this complex, controversial and sensitive issue.The need for affection, intimacy and relationships for people with dementia in care homes has too often been ignored and side-lined in policy and practice. The onset of old age or a cognitive impairment does not erase the need for affection, intimacy and/or relationships. While the issues involved can be complex, controversial and sensitive and may challenge our own beliefs and value system, it is essential that we understand more about them to foster a more person-centred approach to dementia care. Care home residents with dementia often have complex care needs and trying to understand and respond to the more intimate and sexual aspects of a resident’s personality can be challenging.Aimed at care home workers and managers, the guide not only provides essential information on this aspect of dementia care but offers practical advice to support current work-based practices. Set out in an accessible and easy-to-read format, this guide includes case studies, questions, suggestions and a self assessment quiz to promote easy learning. It also provides a possible pathway for care home managers to develop a guiding policy on sexual expression in dementia.The guide for care staff is summarised in 10 key points:1. Some residents with dementia will have sexual or sensual needs.2. Affection and intimacy contribute to overall health and wellbeing for residents.3. Some residents with dementia will have the capacity to make decisions about their needs.4. If an individual in care is not competent to decide, the home has a duty of care towards the individual to ensure they are protected from harm.5. There are no hard and fast rules. Assess each situation on an individual basis6. Remember not everyone with dementia is heterosexual.7. Inappropriate sexual behaviour is not particularly common in dementia.8. Confront your own attitudes and behaviour towards older people and sex generally.9. Communicate – look at how you can improve communication with your colleagues, managers, residents and carers on this subject10. Look after yourself and remember your own needs as a care professional��The full paper is available: The Last Taboo
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Els geògrafs s’inclouen tant en el camp de les ciències de la terra com en el de les ciències socials, tot i que també es poden considerar filòsofs morals, perquè es preocupen i s’interessen pels valors, els costums i les aspiracions humanes de no només limitar-se a sobreviure, sinó també d’aconseguir una vida fructuosa i agradable. En aquest intent per aconseguir una bona vida, els éssers humans han hagut d’organitzar-se i servir-se del poder, amb el qual és fàcil, per altra banda, cometre abusos contra els més febles i també contra la natura. El vessant moral és inevitable en qualsevol detallada consideració de la realitat humana. Aquest article pretén explorar l’esmentat vessant en societats senzilles i complexes, és a dir, tant entre els pobles caçadors-recol·lectors com en aquelles cultures més sofisticades que han transformat el camp, el jardí i la ciutat
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Comprend : [Epigramma] ; La Table
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In this article, we analyze the rationale for introducing outlier payments into a prospective payment system for hospitals under adverse selection and moral hazard. The payer has only two instruments: a fixed price for patients whose treatment cost is below a threshold and a cost-sharing rule for outlier patients. We show that a fixed-price policy is optimal when the hospital is sufficiently benevolent. When the hospital is weakly benevolent, a mixed policy solving a trade-off between rent extraction, efficiency, and dumping deterrence must be preferred. We show how the optimal combination of fixed price and partially cost-based payment depends on the degree of benevolence of the hospital, the social cost of public funds, and the distribution of patients severity. [Authors]
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A corrupção organizacional é um fenômeno de natureza sistêmica, pode ser abordada de muitas formas e, entre essas, na óptica da literatura sobre compliance, é entendida como a reflexão sobre as causas e a mitigação da corrupção, bem como sobre os instrumentos para a promoção de ambientes éticos. Na base da compliance está a percepção moral do indivíduo quando exposto aos dilemas éticos. O objetivo no presente trabalho é avaliar o impacto do nível de instrução, da idade e do gênero na percepção moral nas organizações. Para essa finalidade, são utilizados dados secundários, cedidos pela ICTS Global, empresa internacional especializada em redução de riscos ao patrimônio, reputação, informações e vida humana. Realizam-se análises estatísticas exploratórias procurando as relações entre as variáveis indicadoras do índice de análise de aderência à ética empresarial (AAEE) da ICTS Global. Trata-se de análise descritiva baseada em amostra não probabilística por conveniência, realizada entre os anos de 2004 e 2008, com funcionários e candidatos de 74 empresas privadas situadas no Brasil; o número final de indivíduos pesquisados totalizou 7.574. Os resultados indicam que a variável instrução exerce maior influência nos indicadores de percepção moral: quanto menor o grau de instrução, menor a percepção do que é errado. Na análise detalhada dos indicadores de percepção moral, os resultados mostram diferenças comparativas interessantes conforme os perfis dos profissionais e as variáveis analisadas (gênero, idade e grau de instrução).
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Tem-se observado em muitas pesquisas que o assédio moral do aluno para com o professor tem sido incrementado com o processo de mercantilização do ensino superior. Tal processo insere-se num cenário de desvalorização da figura do professor e de exaltação da concepção do aluno-cliente. Nesse sentido, abre-se espaço para práticas de assédio moral na relação aluno-professor. O propósito neste artigo é compreender por que acontece o assédio moral no vetor aluno-professor e o que pode ser feito para que esse comportamento seja evitado. Para cumprir o objetivo da investigação, foram coletados e analisados, pelo método do discurso do sujeito coletivo (DSC) de caráter qualiquantitativo, os depoimentos provenientes de 51 questionários respondidos por professores universitários. A análise das respostas dos professores universitários às questões de pesquisa oferece uma percepção do por quê da ocorrência do assédio moral aluno-professor na visão dos pesquisados, os quais identificam motivos que vão desde valores sociais não apreendidos até a mercantilização do ensino. A partir das respostas, verificam-se possibilidades de ação que apontam prioritariamente a discussão institucional como meio de suporte à vítima e como alicerce para ações preventivas, dentre outras atitudes individuais que influenciam positivamente esse tipo de assédio, e mesmo a disputa judicial como última instância para a solução do problema.