Vulnerabilidade de agricultores familiares da cadeia de produção de biodiesel de dendê à extremos de precipitação na comunidade Águas Pretas, Moju (PA)

Os extremos climáticos impactam negativamente o agronegócio brasileiro e ameaçam o desenvolvimento das comunidades rurais que são altamente dos recursos naturais. Por isso é fundamental estudar-se a cadeia produtiva de dendê (Elais guineensis Jacq.) de óleo diante de futuros riscos climáticos, devido o Estado do Pará ser o maior produtor nacional de dendê e a cadeia ser estruturada com a integração da agricultura familiar á cadeia agrícola. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi de analisar as vulnerabilidades dos agricultores familiares da Comunidade Águas Pretas do município de Moju, Estado do Pará, inseridos na cadeia de produção de biodiesel de dendê, diante dos extremos de precipitação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em dois momentos: o primeiro analisou os extremos climáticos da série temporal de precipitação de 1981 a 2009 empregando o método descritivo e dos quantis, e o segundo momento analisou a vulnerabilidade dos agricultores através de variáveis/indicadores de desvantagem socioeconômica, tecnológica e de percepção, que representavam situação de vulnerabilidade. Para a identificação de vulnerabilidade dos agricultores foi utilizado a análise fatorial por componentes principais, a elaboração de índices de vulnerabilidade climática e a análise agrupamento, onde foram alocados 22 agricultores em cinco categorias de classificação rédefinidas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a ocorrência de extremos muito secos e muito chuvosos na série de dados entre os anos de 1981 a 2009 do município de Moju (PA). O risco climático identificado no município representa grande ameaça à produção de dendê, uma vez que os impactos dos extremos de precipitação sobre a planta vão desde distúrbios nas fases de desenvolvimento até, a redução parcial e total da produção dos cachos de dendê. Estes impactos em longo prazo, afeta diretamente os agricultores familiares que são dependentes da venda exclusiva dos cachos de dendê á agroindústria, assim como compromete aos objetivos de inclusão social e produção de energia renovável do Programa de biodiesel. Os agricultores familiares da comunidade Águas Pretas integrados a cadeia de produção de biodiesel de dendê reagiram de formas distintas, considerando fatores socioeconômico, tecnológico e de percepção, sendo distribuídos em cinco categorias de vulnerabilidade (alta, média alta, média, média baixa e baixa). Os grupos de vulnerabilidade de maior interesse na pesquisa foram de alta e baixa vulnerabilidade, correspondentes a 14% (3 agricultores) e 18% (agricultores), respectivamente, do total de agricultores entrevistados. O grupo de alta vulnerabilidade foi caracterizado por agricultores que utilizaram com baixa eficiência a maior parte das variáveis de desvantagens, indicando dificuldades de competir e adaptar-se, em caso de extremos climáticos. No grupo de baixa vulnerabilidade foi caracterizado por agricultores que usam com eficiência todas as macrovariáveis estudadas, mostrando vantagens socioeconômicas, tecnológicas e de percepção. Este grupo se mostrou mais adaptado em caso de extremos de clima, dentro da cadeia de biodiesel, podendo ser parâmetros para elaborações de estratégias de adaptação local. A percepção do risco e os fatores levantados mostraram-se ser um forte recurso para analisar a situação de vulnerabilidade dos agricultores locais. A percepção do agricultor é orientada segundo suas convicções e experiências diárias, sendo determinantes para elaboração de estratégias adaptativas para enfrentar extremos climáticos.

Estados emocionais de estresse e cortisol salivar na escalada em rocha

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Escolaridade e volume de produção têm associação com a percepção de risco de produtores de leite no uso de produtos veterinários

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Geografia e novas tecnologias: o centro integrado de alertas de desastres naturais (CIADEN) como proposta de prática pedagógica para o ciclo I do ensino fundamental

This research work aims to analyze and understand the teaching of geography in the perspective of historical and critical pedagogy, with the object of analysis, the Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Alerts (CIADEN) for students in Cycle I of the Elementary School, located in Etec “Astor de Mattos Carvalho”, in Cabrália Paulista-SP. Deepening the knowledge of geography teaching in a critical and controversial about the bad weather and the use of new technologies to transform the social order and its relationship with the environment. Contributing to the students and the community have a new proposal for action from the content learned, capable of solving the present and future with respect to weather, climate and natural disasters. To implement a culture of prevention and risk perception, providing the diffusion of knowledge socially useful

Práticas sanitárias e percepção de risco de produtores de bovinos de corte no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Fatores socioeconômicos e percepção de risco de produtores de gado de corte no uso de produtos veterinários

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Percepção de risco sanitário na bovinocultura de corte no estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Desordens osteomusculares em alunos de odontologia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Impact of the Level of Disclosure of Financial Information on the Pricing of Shares in the Context of Adverse Selection: an experimental research

Managers know more about the performance of the organization than investors, which makes the disclosure of information a possible strategy for competitive differentiation, minimizing adverse selection. This paper's main goal is to analyze whether or not an entity's level of diclosure may affect the risk perception of individuals and the process of evaluating their shares. The survey was carried out in an experimental study with 456 subjects. In a stock market simulation, we investigated the pricing of the stocks of two companies with different levels of information disclosure at four separate stages. The results showed that, when other variables are constant, the level of disclosure of an entity can affect the expectations of individuals and the process of evaluating their shares. A higher level of disclosure by an entity affected the value of its share and the other company's.

Presa di decisione in situazioni rischiose: effetto della rabbia

The current studies assessed the role of trait anger and anger expression styles on risk decision-making in adulthood, adolescence and childhood. In the first experiment 158 adults completed the STAXI-2 and an inventory consisting of a battery of hypothetical everyday decision-making scenarios. Participants were also asked to evaluate the perception of risk for each chosen option and some contextual characteristics, that are familiarity and salience for each scenario. The study provides evidence for a relationship between individual differences in the tendency to feel and express anger and risky decisions and for mediation effects of familiarity and salience appraisals. Moreover, results indicated that trait anger was predictive of risk perception and they provide evidence for a positive relationship between risk decision-making and risk perception. In the second study, we examined the relationship between specific components of anger (i.e., cognitive, affective and behavioural) and risk decision-making in adolescents. 101 subjects completed specific tasks, measuring risk decision-making, assessed using hypothetical choice scenarios, and anger, evaluated through the STAXI-CA and the MSAI-R. Results showed that adolescents higher on hostility, anger experience and destructive expression, make more risky decisions in everyday life situations. Moreover, regression analyses indicated that destructive expression of anger and hostility were predictive of adolescents’ risky decisions. In the third experiment, 104 children completed three tasks: the STAXI-CA, the MSAI-R and a task measuring risk decision-making in everyday situations. Subjects were also asked to evaluate the degree of danger, benefit, fun and fear perceived for each risky choice. Analyses indicated that: (a) risk decision-making was predicted by both trait anger and outward expression of anger; (b) destructive expression o anger was predictive of children’s risky decisions; (c) appraisal of danger fully mediated the relation between trait anger and risk; (d) perceptions of benefit, scare and fun partially mediated the relationship between trait anger and risk; and (e) appraisal of danger partially mediated the relationship between outward expression of anger and risk decision-making. The results provide evidence for a relationship between dispositional anger and risk decision-making during childhood, suggesting a possible explanation of the mechanisms below. In particular, risk decision-making can be viewed as the output of cognitive and emotive processes, linked to dispositional anger that leads children to be amused, optimistic and fearless in potentially risky situations. These findings substantiate the importance of incorporating cognitive and emotive factors in theories that seek to explain the relationship between personality traits and risk decision making across a broad range of age.

Quantificazione del rischio occupazionale: Indicatori, indici e metodologia fuzzy

La tesi affronta il concetto di esposizione al rischio occupazionale e il suo scopo è quello di indagare l’ambiente di lavoro e il comportamento dei lavoratori, con l'obiettivo di ridurre il tasso di incidenza degli infortuni sul lavoro ed eseguire la riduzione dei rischi. In primo luogo, è proposta una nuova metodologia denominata MIMOSA (Methodology for the Implementation and Monitoring of Occupational SAfety), che quantifica il livello di "salute e sicurezza" di una qualsiasi impresa. Al fine di raggiungere l’obiettivo si è reso necessario un approccio multidisciplinare in cui concetti d’ingegneria e di psicologia sono stati combinati per sviluppare una metodologia di previsione degli incidenti e di miglioramento della sicurezza sul lavoro. I risultati della sperimentazione di MIMOSA hanno spinto all'uso della Logica Fuzzy nel settore della sicurezza occupazionale per migliorare la metodologia stessa e per superare i problemi riscontrati nell’incertezza della raccolta dei dati. La letteratura mostra che i fattori umani, la percezione del rischio e il comportamento dei lavoratori in relazione al rischio percepito, hanno un ruolo molto importante nella comparsa degli incidenti. Questa considerazione ha portato ad un nuovo approccio e ad una seconda metodologia che consiste nella prevenzione di incidenti, non solo sulla base dell'analisi delle loro dinamiche passate. Infatti la metodologia considera la valutazione di un indice basato sui comportamenti proattivi dei lavoratori e sui danni potenziali degli eventi incidentali evitati. L'innovazione consiste nell'applicazione della Logica Fuzzy per tener conto dell’"indeterminatezza" del comportamento umano e del suo linguaggio naturale. In particolare l’applicazione è incentrata sulla proattività dei lavoratori e si prefigge di impedire l'evento "infortunio", grazie alla generazione di una sorta d’indicatore di anticipo. Questa procedura è stata testata su un’azienda petrolchimica italiana.

Stroke, coronary and peripheral artery disease survey on antithrombotic treatment (START IT)

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: To determine the perception of primary care physicians regarding the risk of subsequent atherothrombotic events in patients with established cardiovascular (CV) disease, and to correlate this perception with documented antithrombotic therapy. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of the general practice population in Switzerland, 381 primary care physicians screened 127 040 outpatients during 15 consecutive workdays in 2006. Perception of subsequent atherothrombotic events in patients with established CV disease was assessed using a tick box questionnaire allowing choices between low, moderate, high or very high risk. Logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between risk perception and antithrombotic treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 13 057 patients (10.4%) were identified as having established CV disease and 48.8% of those were estimated to be at high to very high risk for subsequent atherothrombotic events. Estimated higher risk for subsequent atherothrombotic events was associated with a shift from aspirin monotherapy to clopidogrel, vitamin K antagonist or aspirin plus clopidogrel (p <0.001 for trend). Clopidogrel (12.7% vs 6.8%, p <0.001), vitamin K antagonist (24.5% vs 15.6%, p <0.001) or aspirin plus clopidogrel (10.2% vs 4.2%, p <0.001) were prescribed in patients estimated to be at high to very high risk more often than in those at low to moderate risk. CONCLUSIONS: Perception of primary care physicians regarding risk of subsequent atherothrombotic events varies in patients with CV disease, and as a result antithrombotic therapy is altered in patients with anticipated high to very high risk even though robust evidence and clear guidelines are lacking.

Survey of public knowledge about Echinococcus multilocularis in four European countries: Need for proactive information

Background Public information about prevention of zoonoses should be based on the perceived problem by the public and should be adapted to regional circumstances. Growing fox populations have led to increasing concern about human alveolar echinococcosis, which is caused by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. In order to plan information campaigns, public knowledge about this zoonotic tapeworm was assessed. Methods By means of representative telephone interviews (N = 2041), a survey of public knowledge about the risk and the prevention of alveolar echinococcosis was carried out in the Czech Republic, France, Germany and Switzerland in 2004. Results For all five questions, significant country-specific differences were found. Fewer people had heard of E. multilocularis in the Czech Republic (14%) and France (18%) compared to Germany (63%) and Switzerland (70%). The same effect has been observed when only high endemic regions were considered (Czech Republic: 20%, France: 17%, Germany: 77%, Switzerland: 61%). In France 17% of people who knew the parasite felt themselves reasonably informed. In the other countries, the majority felt themselves reasonably informed (54–60%). The percentage that perceived E. multilocularis as a high risk ranged from 12% (Switzerland) to 43% (France). In some countries promising measures as deworming dogs (Czech Republic, Switzerland) were not recognized as prevention options. Conclusion Our results and the actual epidemiological circumstances of AE call for proactive information programs. This communication should enable the public to achieve realistic risk perception, give clear information on how people can minimize their infection risk, and prevent exaggerated reactions and anxiety.

Managing the risks of medical technology: Do hazard surveillance systems provide an early warning of medical device problems?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for risk assessment and risk management in the post-market surveillance of the U.S. medical device industry. One of the FDA regulatory mechanisms, the Medical Device Reporting System (MDR) is an adverse event reporting system intended to provide the FDA with advance warning of device problems. It includes voluntary reporting for individuals, and mandatory reporting for device manufacturers. ^ In a study of alleged breast implant safety problems, this research examines the organizational processes by which the FDA gathers data on adverse events and uses adverse event reporting systems to assess and manage risk. The research reviews the literature on problem recognition, risk perception, and organizational learning to understand the influence highly publicized events may have on adverse event reporting. Understanding the influence of an environmental factor, such as publicity, on adverse event reporting can provide insight into the question of whether the FDA's adverse event reporting system operates as an early warning system for medical device problems. ^ The research focuses on two main questions. The first question addresses the relationship between publicity and the voluntary and mandatory reporting of adverse events. The second question examines whether government agencies make use of these adverse event reports. ^ Using quantitative and qualitative methods, a longitudinal study was conducted of the number and content of adverse event reports regarding breast implants filed with the FDA's medical device reporting system during 1985–1991. To assess variation in publicity over time, the print media were analyzed to identify articles related to breast implant failures. ^ The exploratory findings suggest that an increase in media activity is related to an increase in voluntary reporting, especially following periods of intense media coverage of the FDA. However, a similar relationship was not found between media activity and manufacturers' mandatory adverse event reporting. A review of government committee and agency reports on the FDA published during 1976–1996 produced little evidence to suggest that publicity or MDR information contributed to problem recognition, agenda setting, or the formulation of policy recommendations. ^ The research findings suggest that the reporting of breast implant problems to FDA may reflect the perceptions and concerns of the reporting groups, a barometer of the volume and content of media attention. ^

The dark side of the moon

When talking about flow, most people probably think of a highly desirable state associated with a broad variety of positive outcomes in terms of positive motivation, well-being, and performance. In contrast, this chapter suggests that the characteristics of flow also have the potential to be evil. First, we will explain how flow can lead to addiction when exercising, playing games, and using the Internet. Then we will consider how flow is linked to impaired risk perception and risky behavior. As a third negative facet of flow, we will outline how it can also be experienced in antisocial contexts and during combat. This chapter ends with some broader comments on the dark and bright sides of flow, including flow as a universal experience, the implications for practical interventions, ethical questions related to flow, and future research questions.