948 resultados para dinâmica econômica


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O objetivo desse trabalho é explorar formalmente algumas implicações da identidade orçamentária do governo, bem como analisar a trajetória do endividamento interno e a deterioração das condições de solvência pública no Brasil durante os anos 80. Uma pessoa, empresa ou governo é declarado insolvente quando não paga o que deve 1. No campo privado tal conceito tem aplicação imediata: O peso dos compromissos assumidos é insuportável face à capacidade de pagamento do devedor. Um problema temporário de liquidez poderá ser sanado desde que os credores tenham confiança no restabelecimento das finanças do devedor. Trata-se de refinanciar, estabilizar e, eventualmente, reduzir o endividamento, de modo a garantir o crédito de que desfrutam. No âmbito das finanças públicas, o conceito é, a um só tempo, similar e diferente.

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O objetivo deste trabalho centrou-se em promover um estudo do equilíbrio financeiro das empresas, baseado em um estudo de caso de uma empresa comercial do ramo de varejo, as Lojas Renner S/A, identificando sua relação com sua saúde econômica. Complementarmente, avalia as alternativas de financiamento para capital de giro, disponíveis no Brasil, como instrumentos capazes de contribuir para o desenvolvimento e estabilidade das empresas. Contém um breve resumo das principais demonstrações contábeis, como fontes de informações para a análise patrimonial, seguido de uma abordagem mais detalhada das principais técnicas de avaliação, econômica e financeira, com destaque a indicadores da capacidade para atender obrigações de curto prazo e da rentabilidade da atividade operacional. Trata o lucro como resultado da atividade operacional da empresa, desmistificando o lucro líquido contábil como parâmetro para avaliação econômica e avança no estudo da liquidez, sob a ótica de que a empresa é uma organização dinâmica e que suas relações com o mercado estão em permanente mutação. Chega-se a duas conclusões principais: que o equilíbrio financeiro é fundamental para a manutenção da atividade das empresas, independentemente dos resultados econômicos e que as fontes de financiamento bancárias, disponíveis no Brasil, não atendem às necessidades de capital de giro das empresas.

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O objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar as variáveis importantes da inflação para a decisão de política econômica do Banco Central. Considerando a importância de reações forward looking das autoridades monetárias num regime de metas de inflação, estudam-se alguns modelos de projeção de inflação de curto prazo para verificar qual modelo possui maior capacidade de previsão. Com o objetivo de entender a dinâmica inflacionária brasileira ao longo desses anos desde a implementação do sistema de metas de inflação, procura-se analisar a dinâmica da inércia inflacionária e do repasse cambial.

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Este trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre o setor coureiro-calçadista do Vale do Sinos/RS, cuja questão central investiga como os mecanismos de imersão social influenciam na ação econômica do setor. O objetivo é analisar como os mecanismos, estrutural, cognitivo, cultural e político afetam/afetaram a ação econômica do setor, criando tanto oportunidades como limites. O método adotado foi o estudo de caso, cuja abordagem longitudinal permite uma análise histórica desde a colonização da região até os dias atuais. Dados primários e secundários foram utilizados, possibilitando identificar mudanças na dinâmica competitiva do setor, nos principais atores e nas características organizacionais. A perspectiva da imersão permitiu compreender a natureza contingente da ação econômica, com foco nas assimetrias de poder existentes entre os diferentes atores (privados e público) e suas conseqüências (imersão política), bem como nas estruturas de rede sociais e na qualidade de suas relações (imersão estrutural); na forma com que o exercício da ação econômica foi limitado pelas regularidades estruturais do processo mental, produzindo categorias coletivas de julgamento (imersão cognitiva); e no processo de mediação dos atores, visando à legitimidade de suas ações e à produção de símbolos visíveis (imersão cultural). Conclui-se que as assimetrias de poder são melhor compreendidas quando inseridas no contexto social mais amplo, ou seja, inseridas na cadeia mundial de calçados que tanto criou oportunidades para o Vale do Sinos, como também limitou o upgrade dos produtores. No que se refere à imersão estrutural, aspectos concernentes tanto à posição na rede quanto à arquitetura da rede mostraram-se relevantes para a ação econômica. A constituição e os tipos de laços foram importantes para compreender decisões sobre com quem formar sociedade, com quem fazer negócios, sobre a relação entre empresários e entre estes e os operários. Observou-se, também, que categorias coletivas, oriundas da interação social entre os atores, eram utilizadas para julgamento. Tais categorias produziam limites para além daqueles considerados no conceito de racionalidade limitada. Por fim, observou-se como os elementos culturais constituíram e foram constituídos pela ação econômica dos diferentes atores, bem como tais ações são constituídas por aspectos do contexto local e mundial, denotando mudanças no processo de imersão do setor.

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Conhecer melhor alguns dos condicionantes do processo de urbanização, seu ritmo sua natureza, é instrumento básico para a atuação do administrador e planejador urbano. Cabe a este conjunto de profissionais, a tarefa de compatibilizar as diretrizes de desenvolvimento físico-espacial com a estratégica econômica dominante, a fim de poder instrumentar e implementar as intervenções sobre o meio urbano. O objetivo geral do trabalho é buscar uma melhor compreensão do funcionamento do mercado imobiliário e do processo de valorização fundiária, face a introdução de um fator polarizador de atração do investimento público na forma de um serviço.

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O presente estudo versa sobre os fatores tecnológicos e ambientais que vêm resultando no crescimento da produção de gás natural não convencional nos EUA. Os objetos de analise principais serão as políticas públicas, assim como a dinâmica entre os atores sociais e o ambiente propício que fora criado para que houvesse o adensamento do fomento e do estímulo às inovações tecnológicas sucedidas no setor.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo representar através de um modelo dinâmico de equilíbrio geral, uma característica do mercado brasileiro de subsidiar o setor de infraestrutura através do sistema financeiro. Além disso, objetiva-se simular o efeito do aumento de impostos - destinando recursos tributários, tanto para um agente público quanto privado - para subsidiar o investimento em infraestrutura. Alternativamente, simula-se o efeito da redução do compulsório bancário, destinando esses recursos também à infraestrutura. As simulações apresentam resultados semelhantes, de tal modo que no curto prazo, há uma contração do produto e da infraestrutura, mas no longo prazo, há uma expansão do produto, infraestrutura e bem-estar. Os resultados podem apresentar comportamentos diferentes para o bem-estar dependendo do parâmetro de elasticidade da infraestrutura em relação à renda.

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Este artigo procura dar continuidade aos trabalhos teóricos escritos nos últimos anos sobre a dinâmica do salario real num regime com reposição total ou parcial do "pico" prévio e periodicidade fixa. o artigo descreve a evolução do salario real no regime da escala moveI que entrou em Vigor na economia brasileira com a adoção; o do Plano Cruzado. Assumindo a hipótese de endogeneidade do período entre os reajustes, mostra-se que o salario real de fato rígido, mas não imune a eventuais quedas decorrentes da verificação de taxas elevadas de inflação. Com base nisso,discutem-se os riscos potenciais do mecanismo da escala moveI em termos de aumento da taxa de inflação e analisa-se a justificativa técnica para a de cisão de expurgar certos aumentos do índice de preços que détermi na os aumentos salariais.

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate the evolution of the socio-occupational status in Rio Grande do Norte from 2001 to 2008, based on the characterization of the socio-economic status of this State from the analysis of labor market norte-rio-grandense . The study, specifically, drew a comparison between the dynamics of the labor market in Rio Grande do Norte and the capital city, Natal. From this perspective, the purpose was to make a relationship between the social division of labor and its effects on the socio-spatial division, represented in the "macro scale" by the federal unit and the "micro level" for the capital; locus of economic and population concentration. The collection of data on the labor market had as a major source PNAD/IBGE, characterizing the labor market in many ways: people of working age, economically active population and employed and unemployed people, classified by age, sex, color, education, income and social protection condition. However, as for the socio-occupational division, we follow the methodology used by the research group on national television, based in IPPUR /UFRJ, called Monitoring of the Metropolis," which rallied twenty-four groups that aggregate the occupations found in the PNAD/IBGE, in eight groups of socio-occupational categories, according to the similarity between them. It was used in the socio-spatial cutting two relevant discussions, which are inter-related and were characterized as crucial points in developing the research problem: the former was related to the influence of the hegemony of merchant capital in the labor market in Rio Grande North and, the latter, it referred the socio-economic relations between the territory and the variable occupation. Lastly, the results all indicated that in Rio Grande do Norte, as a peripheral state, has suffered the devastating influence of the hegemony of capital purely commercial basis, where "wealth" of capitalism is generated through the sphere of mere movement of goods and services rather than a productive process due to the social relations of production more advanced. We have a little advanced economic structure, with a tertiary sector that has propagated under-employment or disguised unemployment. Similarly, the agricultural sector has been presented as an example of greater social degradation of working conditions in the state. The secondary sector, in turn, also was not behind this uncertainty; on the contrary, confirmed that condition, with poor levels of income, low education of the workforce and a high degree of social helplessness, even in the state capital, space full urban area, which although always appear with a favorable condition compared to Province, in practically most of the variables studied, was also reflected at the same time the author of a structurally underdeveloped condition

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This work aims to analyze the policy of economic promotion in the Brazilian cities of medium and great size (with population above of 50.000 hab.). The objective of the research is to launch light in the debate on the regional and municipal development, presenting the recent hypotheses supplied by literature. Of complementary form, had for specific objective presents the results of the Research of Basic Information of Cities - PIM, of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in two surveys carried through together to the Brazilian local governments (1999 and 2009). It analyzes the instruments of economic promotion used by local governments and the influence of the development variables, as the Local Human Index of Development (HID-L) and the Local Gross Domestic Product (GDP-L). The research sample that factors as HID-L and GDP-L has significant influence in economic promotion of cities and must be taken in account in the definition of the local strategies of development

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The present study has the purpose of catching the significances of smoking in the social dinamics based on the Theory of Social Representations. It was developed among adults with ages from 20 to 59 years, low social and economic conditions, at Natal RN, Brazil. The Free-words Association Test was applied as the instrument of data collection and a semi-structured interview with the smokers and non-smokers, besides a structured interview with smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers. All data was analyzed by the descriptive statistics using the Analysis of Content Technique of the thematic kind and by the softwares ALCESTE and EVOC 2000. Elaborations about smoking were marked by social, cultural and historical dimension, however they showed sensibility to changes and revealed positive and negative aspects of the habit. The analysis of the semi-structured interviews showed the following categories and under-categories respectively: Initiation of the habit (Friends and Family and Appreciation and Beauty); Psychosocial Implications of smoking (Personal relationship, Work and Financial); Behavior when facing smoking (Positive, Negative and Neutral); Smoking Effects (Smokers´ health and the other people health); Description about oral diseases ( Bad breath, Oral cancer and Dental problems); Smoking treatment (Physician and psychological, Supernatural and Difficulties). ALCESTE analysis presented 4 classes: Ambivalence between pleasure and get ill, Smoking as a trouble and danger to society, Social discrimination of smokers and Mouth as a place of reaffirmation of the discrimination. Those helped us to understand the psychosocial repercussion of the habit. On the social representation structure we identified as a probable central nucleus of the smoker group the categories Pleasure and Bad to the health and as peripheral elements Alcoholic Drink, Financial damage and Nervousness. For the non-smoker group the category Bad to the health comes first and Stop Smoking comes as a peripheral element. Finally, we hope that the knowledge of these representations can contribute to plan and/or to rethink over the professional practices and public policies related to smoking. Besides that, for an amplified comprehension of the study object the discussions over the identified representations should be deepen and amplified to other population and social groups

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The work seeks to understand the process of reterritorialization triggered by tourism development in Tibau do Sul / RN, noting its economic, socio-cultural and political implications to the local society. Tourist activity was addressed as socio-cultural phenomenon, considering the case of (dis) (re) territorialization and power relations between staff producers of the tourism space. Given the complexity of this issue and the need for further studies that focus on the reterritorialization cases generated by tourism in the northeastern coast, given the action of the agents involved in the construction of the spaces generated by tourism, this work is then justified. For such a study an exploratory and qualitative study was conducted, through a survey of secondary and primary data, and interviews with leaders of public, private nonprofit community in the investigated county. In this sense, it was found that the process of (dis) (re) territorialization in the city investigated, permeates the contradictions resulting from the conflicts existing power while providing the location and implications for economic and sociocultural dimensions, its heart is found in the political, the relationship between entrepreneurship - established mainly by outsiders who own businesses in Pipa - and local government - composed entirely by insiders who work in the municipal headquarters, that until then, hold the political and the economic power. Thus, to understand the regionalization of tourism it is necessary to analyze its economic, socio-cultural and political dimensions, referring to the complexity of relationships between producing space agents. It is believed that the reterritorialization can be capable of producing territorialities contextualized to the culture, history, economy and local politics, understanding that the active participation of the natives will contribute to a less perverse, since this has been one of the faces experienced by local people

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Decapod crustaceans are one of the most important portions of megafaunal of coastal waters, playing a role as modifier of the environment and controlling populations of other organisms. Among the Decapoda, crab (brachyuran) constitutes the dominant macrofauna of mangroves. Among brachyuran is the mangrove crab (Ucides cordatus, Linnaeus, 1763), which represents the main component of the macrofauna of mangroves, particularly in Northern and Northeastern Brazil. In Brazil, its distribution is known from the state of Amapá to the north of Santa Catarina. This species is distinguished by its economic importance, being one of the main fishing resources in Brazil, generating a significant impact on their natural populations. This reduction would result in loss of value to the product, preventing its commercialization. Although it´s great ecological and economic importance, there are few articles about the biological aspects of U. cordatus, mainly in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. This work aimed to study the population dynamics of the mangrove crab, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), in Conchas estuary, Porto do Mangue, northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. During the period November 2009 to October 2010 the crabs were collected monthly, obeying predetermined lunar periods (new moon or full moon) in a mangrove area in Porto do Mangue - RN. With the aid of a steel caliper (0.01 mm) and a precision balance (0.01 g) were measured biometric variables related to the animal's carapace, major propodus chela, width of abdomen (female), length of gonopodium ( males) and total weight. In addition, it was recorded, the gonads and molt stages, for males and females. In total, 476 crabs were collected, with 338 males and 138 females. Males were larger, heavier and in greater proportion than females. The reproductive period for the species in this location was limited during the months November to May, suggesting a change in current environmental legislation for the closure period. Synchrony was observed between the morphological and physiological maturity with females maturing earlier, possibly, a reproductive strategy adopted, compared to the low fishing pressure in the area. The molting period occurred in the dry season peaking in October. The analysis of growth, based on the parameters of von Bertalanffy was calculated using the nonlinear fit using modes (AJMOD). High growth rates for both males (L = 7.54 cm, k = 0.95, t0 =- 00:08; tmax = 4.84) and females (L = 6.50, k = 1 , 2, t0 =- 0008; tmax = 3.28) were found, contrasting with data from the literature, using other techniques. Males had higher asymptotic width size and longevity, but a lower growth constant when compared with females. The estimated age, for males and females, reaching the minimum capture size was 1.82 years and 1.63 years respectively. The size of physiological maturity, when individuals are able to reproduce, was estimated at 1.4 years and 1.05 years, for males and females, respectively. The recruitment period for this species is seasonal, with two peaks of occurrence, one in the rainy season and one in the dry season. This work represented the first effort on understanding the ecology of the mangrove crab, to the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. However, further studies on its biology should be undertaken, especially those related to growth, and recruitment, where observed that literature is more scarce

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The objective of the current piece of research is to reflect upon the diverse changes that have occurred in the social and spatial dynamics of the Macaíba fair in the period between 1960 and 2006. During the second half of the 19th century, Macaíba had in the commerce one of this principle economic base a contribution for which the city became one of the main commercial warehouses of the East coast of the Rio Grande do Norte region. This helped lead to the growth of Macaíba s fair, which proved to be one of the most important existing in the state until the 1970 s. In the last two decades of the 20th century, certain elements represented challenges to the fair at Macaíba. These challenges stimulated substantial changes in the fair s dynamics which include the growth and expansion of the commercial and service sector, primarily though supermarkets; consolidation among the commercial and distribution networks, represented by the Central Office of Supply of the Rio Grande do Norte S/A (Ceasa/RN), by the wholesale and refrigeration companies; and the modernization of transportation methods, which permitted an expanded reach for these networks. Even with all these changes, the fair continues to be one of the strongest aspects of the city being the center of resistance against the surge of new forms of commerce and consumption in the city (notable the supermarkets) and the diffusion of other aspects of globalization. The fair has economic importance, as it offers a popular marketplace for the commercialization of very different products and a means for supplying goods to the residents of the city and the rural communities of Macaíba and the surrounding municipalities; and socio-cultural importance in that the fair is a place where popular tradition is expressed, a place where a great number of parallel activities occur, a place for meeting again and again, of conversations, of manifestations of culture and art, and of socialization in all of its dimensions