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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Le programme Climat municipalités, mis en place dans le cadre du Plan d’action 2006-2012 sur les changements climatiques du Québec, permettra à cinq grandes villes et agglomérations québécoises de se doter d’un plan d’adaptation aux changements climatiques, deux étant déjà finalisés. L’objectif général de cet essai est d’analyser l’avancement et le succès des stratégies adaptatives employées par ces organismes municipaux, en considérant deux facteurs primordiaux, soit les pluies intenses et les vagues de chaleur. Cette actualisation du portrait adaptatif de Trois-Rivières, Sherbrooke, Québec, Montréal et Laval est donc réalisée tout en faisant ressortir les besoins qui restent à combler. Des mesures d’adaptation provenant de l’étranger et potentiellement applicables dans une ou plusieurs de ces cinq villes sont exposées. Également, des critiques émanant des différentes parties prenantes impliquées dans le programme Climat municipalités sont rassemblées dans le but de rendre ce programme encore plus efficace et de simplifier les démarches des prochaines collectivités qui y prendront part. Neuf interventions inspirées de l’international sont attribuées aux cinq grandes villes ayant déjà un plan de lutte aux changements climatiques en précisant un contexte d’insertion permettant de répondre convenablement à leurs besoins adaptatifs propres. Les conclusions de cette recherche portent une attention particulière aux mesures à court terme et démontrent que les prochaines municipalités qui développeront un plan officiel mèneront leur démarche à bien si elles se fondent sur l’expérience des organismes déjà impliqués dans un processus semblable au niveau québécois ou mondial. Les communes gagneraient à partager leurs impressions avec les autres parties prenantes du programme dans une optique d’amélioration continue et à analyser scrupuleusement chaque mesure d’adaptation avant son adoption. Au lieu d’investir dans un plan officiel relativement onéreux, les collectivités moins populeuses ont avantage à incorporer à leur plan d’urbanisme des interventions augmentant leur résilience, par le biais de réglementations et de politiques municipales et de plans d’action locaux ou régionaux. L’adaptation face aux défis qui accompagnent les changements climatiques est un enjeu qui doit être discuté non seulement aux niveaux planétaire, national et provincial, mais aussi grandement au niveau municipal vu sa proximité aux citoyens.

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Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin minkälaista tietoa haastattelu ja sadutus antavat lasten kokemuksesta lastenkirjallisuudesta ja miten nämä tiedonhankintatavat näyttäytyvät suhteessa lapsen osallisuuteen. Kielellisten taitojen perusteella tutkimuskohteeksi valittiin esikouluikäiset lapset. Tutkimuksen otos oli yhden kokopäiväryhmän esikoululaiset, joista neljä viidestä halusi olla mukana tutkimuksessa. Lapsille luettiin pienryhmässä kirja Pikkuveli ja Katto-Kassinen. Tämän jälkeen heidät haastateltiin ja sadutettiin. Aineisto järjestettiin sisällönanalysointimenetelmin. Haastattelu toi näkyväksi lapsen muistia ja ymmärrystä kirjan henkilöistä ja tapahtumista. Sadutuksessa näkyi enemmänkin lapsen intuitio kirjasta ja sen päähenkilön hahmosta. Sadutuksen kautta lapset ilmaisivat positiivisia mielikuviaan kirjasta, kun taas haastattelu toi esiin laajemman skaalan kirjan sisäisistä skeemoista. Sadutus menetelmänä on osallistavampi kuin haastattelu, mutta molemmissa menetelmissä osallisuuden aste riippuu lapsen tietoisuudesta taustalla vaikuttavasta ajatusmaailmasta. Miksi tätä tehdään ja kuka on päättänyt minun osallistumisestani toimintaan? Tutkimusta tehdessä selkeni myös, että molemmat tavat voivat olla monella eri osallisuuden tasolla, riippuen juuri vastauksista aiempiin kysymyksiin. Myös lapsen ollessa tilanteessa toimijana, voi osallisuuden taso muuttua riippuen lapsen tai tilanteen kehittymisestä.

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Concert Program

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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A ausência de diálogos no mundo massificado impõe um discurso padronizado. Tenta-se eliminar as diferenças e os limites que estruturam as identidades são ameaçados. A violência desse mundo joga para a periferia grandes segmentos da população, condenados a viver em condições desumanas. Migrantes e imigrantes, desenraizados dos fundamentos de suas identidades, constituem parte expressiva dessa população. Grandes metrópoles, como São Paulo, são verdadeiros lócus do embate intercultural que os ameaça. Nossa discussão se apóia em trabalho de pesquisa anterior com crianças nordestinas em escolas paulistas - pudemos constatar o preconceito, a humilhação que atingem essa população. O ponto de partida para a humilhação é, quase sempre, sua linguagem regional, vista como errada e inadequada. A lingüística e a sociolingüística nos mostram o contrário. Entretanto, tudo que enraíza e fortalece a identidade é negado. A “barbárie civilizada” destrói desejo, sonhos, esperança, alteridade.

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We demonstrate that the short-range spin correlator < S(i)center dot S(j)>, a fundamental measure of the interaction between adjacent spins, can be directly measured in certain insulating magnets. We present magnetostriction data for the insulating organic compound NiCl(2)-4SC(NH(2))(2), and show that the magnetostriction as a function of field is proportional to the dominant short-range spin correlator. Furthermore, the constant of proportionality between the magnetostriction and the spin correlator gives information about the spin-lattice interaction. Combining these results with the measured Young's modulus, we are able to extract dJ/dz, the dependence of the superexchange constant J on the Ni interionic distance z.

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This article documents the addition of 229 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium hybrid, Alabama argillacea, Anoplopoma fimbria, Aplochiton zebra, Brevicoryne brassicae, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium giganteum, Echinogammarus berilloni, Epimedium sagittatum, Fraxinus excelsior, Labeo chrysophekadion, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, Paratrechina longicornis, Phaeocystis antarctica, Pinus roxburghii and Potamilus capax. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Acacia peregrinalis, Acacia crassicarpa, Bruguiera cylindrica, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium macrocephalum, Dictyostelium discoideum, Dictyostelium purpureum, Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium rosarium, Polysphondylium pallidum, Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium koreanum, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium wushanese and Fraxinus angustifolia.

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A total of 164 primary school teachers from Perth, Western Australia anonymously completed a survey of their knowledge and attitudes about asthma. These teachers were active in assisting children with asthma management but most (91.5%) felt that they did not know enough about asthma. Attitudes toward children with asthma were positive; 97% agreed that such children should be encouraged to participate in sporting activities. Specific knowledge about asthma management and medications was, however, poor. This large sample of Western Australian teachers knew more than their European counterparts but asthma training is needed and should be targeted at improving knowledge of both regular and emergency treatments for asthma.

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The cut gene of Drosophila melanogaster is an identity selector gene that establishes the program of development and differentiation of external sense organs. Mutations in the cut gene cause a transformation of the external sense organs into chordotonal organs, originally assessed by the use of immunostaining methods [Bodmer et al. (1987): Cell, 51:293-307]. Because of evidence that axonal projections of the transformed neurons within the central nervous system are not completely switched in cut mutants, the transformation of the four cells making up a sense organ was reassessed using single-cell staining with fluorescent dye and differential interface contrast (DIC) microscopy of the embryo and larva. The results provide strong evidence that all cells of the sense organs are completely transformed, exhibiting the morphologies and organelles characteristic of chordotonal sense organs. A comparison of the structures of external sense organs and chordotonal organs indicates that a number of the differences could be due to the degree of development of common structures, and that cut or downstream genes modulate effector genes that are normally utilized in both receptor types. The possible derivation of insect chordotonal and external sense organs from a receptor type found in crustaceans is discussed in the light of arthropod phylogenetics and the molecular genetics of sense organ development. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Background: kappa-PVIIA is a 27-residue polypeptide isolated from the venom of Conus purpurascens and is the first member of a new class of conotoxins that block potassium channels. By comparison to other ion channels of eukaryotic cell membranes, voltage-sensitive potassium channels are relatively simple and methodology has been developed for mapping their interactions with small-peptide toxins, PVIIA, therefore, is a valuable new probe of potassium channel structure. This study of the solution structure and mode of channel binding of PVIIA forms the basis for mapping the interacting residues at the conotoxin-ion channel interface. Results: The three-dimensional structure of PVIIA resembles the triple-stranded beta sheet/cystine-knot motif formed by a number of toxic and inhibitory peptides. Subtle structural differences, predominantly in loops 2 and 4, are observed between PVIIA and other conotoxins with similar structural frameworks, however. Electrophysiological binding data suggest that PVIIA blocks channel currents by binding in a voltage-sensitive manner to the external vestibule and occluding the pore, Comparison of the electrostatic surface of PVIIA with that of the well-characterised potassium channel blocker charybdotoxin suggests a likely binding orientation for PVIIA, Conclusions: Although the structure of PVIIA is considerably different to that of the alpha K scorpion toxins, it has a similar mechanism of channel blockade. On the basis of a comparison of the structures of PVIIA and charybdotoxin, we suggest that Lys19 of PVIIA is the residue which is responsible for physically occluding the pore of the potassium channel.