904 resultados para Tratamento de águas residuais


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Human development and population growth during the twentieth century increased the water demand, tripling its consumption between 1950 and 1990. As the water streams were polluted; and as water is the source of minerals and also regulates vital functions, it becomes the vehicle of transmission and consequently spreads many diseases. Probably, the industries are the major responsible for this pollution when they dump untreated effluents to water streams, saturating the already insufficient net of sanitation facilities polluting water and soil. An effective treatment has been established with low cost in Europe and the United States, through constructed systems on wetlands Constructed Wetland Systems - CWSs, gradually used in other countries in the last three decades. Lately, we observe a continuous growth in Brazilian poultry business, and poultry industry showed greatest dynamism in the country, following the global market. Pondering this information and the efficiency of such treatment, this work aimed to study prototypes, in a laboratory scale, simulating ascending and descending types of CWSs, vegetated with aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes and the uses of aggregates and soil, to treat industrial wastewater from slaughterhouses and aviary. We conducted the initial characterization of the effluent to have an idea of its constituents and to scale the system and the continuous flow. Furthermore, we characterized the soil to be used in this system. The collects are periodically made in the refrigeration industry FRICOCK FRIGORIFICAÇÃO AVICULTURA INDÚSTRIA E COMÉRCIO LTDA. for local treatment simulation. The effluent that was treated with 12 prototypes of CWSs are analyzed with some frequency. The results of these reviews were compared to the effluent coming from the industry... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The objective of this work was to develop a numerical method to solve boundary value problems concerning to the use of dispersion model for describing the hydraulic behavior of chemical or biological reactors employed in the wastewater treatment. The numerical method was implemented in FORTRAN language generating a computational program which was applied to solve cases involving reaction kinetics of both integer and fractional orders. The developed method was able to solve the proposed problems evidencing to be a useful tool that provides more accurate design of wastewater treatment reactors

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The actual work broaches a study about the collection and treatment of sanitary sewage from the municipality of Ubatuba in its operational aspects and the tariff policy from the service. Themes related to the subject like the history of collection and treatment of sewage, its development in Brazil and its importance for public health and environmental preservation, as well as historical and geographical aspects of Ubatuba/SP, are present in the literature review. The methodology consists in guided visit in the colletion and treatment of sewage facilities and interview with technical managers. With the technical data obtained, it is made a discussion of the results and possible recommendations

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The progressive growth of the population and the increase of sewage generated has demanded of society and public policies that, besides the collection network deployment is carried out the treatment and proper disposal of treated sewage in all brazilian municipalities. The aim of this study was to monitor and evaluate the work of implementation of a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in Guaratinguetá city of São Paulo state, to identify the compliance with legal requirements and the NBR 12,209/2011. The construction of this ETE met all the requirements of NBR 12209/2011 and benefited a large portion of population with the sewage treatment. Based on the results of this assessment it was concluded that the construction of a STP is relatively simple, differing only on the legal requirements related to the location, area for the construction and materials used in the work. The knowledge generated in this study will assist the public policies in the implementation of STPs in municipalities that do not yet have this basic sanitation

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work, the treatment of wastewater from the textile industry, containing dyes as Yellow Novacron (YN), Red Remazol BR (RRB) and Blue Novacron CD (NB), and also, the treatment of wastewater from petrochemical industry (produced water) were investigated by anodic oxidation (OA) with platinum anodes supported on titanium (Ti/Pt) and boron-doped diamond (DDB). Definitely, one of the main parameters of this kind of treatment is the type of electrocatalytic material used, since the mechanisms and products of some anodic reactions depend on it. The OA of synthetic effluents containing with RRB, NB and YN were investigated in order to find the best conditions for the removal of color and organic content of the dye. According to the experimental results, the process of OA is suitable for decolorization of wastewaters containing these textile dyes due to electrocatalytic properties of DDB and Pt anodes. Removal of the organic load was more efficient at DDB, in all cases; where the dyes were degraded to aliphatic carboxylic acids at the end of the electrolysis. Energy requirements for the removal of color during OA of solutions of RRB, NB and YN depends mainly on the operating conditions, for example, RRB passes of 3.30 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 for 4.28 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 1); 15.23 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 24.75 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH 4.5); 10.80 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 31.5 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 8) (estimated data for volume of treated effluent). On the other hand, in the study of OA of produced water effluent generated by petrochemical industry, galvanostatic electrolysis using DDB led to the complete removal of COD (98%), due to large amounts of hydroxyl radicals and peroxodisulphates generated from the oxidation of water and sulfates in solution, respectively. Thus, the rate of COD removal increases with increasing applied current density (15-60 mAcm-2 ). Moreover, at Pt electrode, approximately 50% removal of the organic load was achieved by applying from 15 to 30 mAcm-2 while 80% of COD removal was achieved for 60 mAcm-2 . Thus, the results obtained in the application of this technology were satisfactory depending on the electrocatalytic materials and operating conditions used for removal of organic load (petrochemical and textile effluents) as well as for the removal of color (in the case of textile effluents). Therefore, the applicability of electrochemical treatment can be considered as a new alternative like pretreatment or treatment of effluents derived from textiles and petrochemical industries.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2016.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The acceleration of industrial growth in recent decades on all continents aroused the interest of the companies to counter the impacts produced on the environment, spurred primarily by major disasters in the petroleum industry. In this context, the water produced is responsible for the largest volume of effluent from the production and extraction of oil and natural gas. This effluent has in its composition some critical components such as inorganic salts, heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, ), presence of oil and chemicals added in the various production processes. In response to impact, have been triggered by research alternative adsorbent materials for water treatment and water produced, in order to removing oils and acids and heavy metals. Many surveys of diatomaceous earth (diatomite) in Brazil involve studies on the physico-chemical, mineral deposits, extraction, processing and applications. The official estimated Jazi are around 2.5 million tonnes, the main located in the states of Bahia (44%) and Rio Grande do Norte (37,4%). Moreover, these two states appear as large offshore producers, earning a prominent role in research of adsorbents such as diatomite for treatment of water produced. Its main applications are as an agent of filtration, adsorption of oils and greases, industrial load and thermal insulator. The objective of this work was the processing and characterization of diatomite diatomaceous earth obtained from the municipality of Macaíba-RN (known locally as tabatinga) as a low cost regenerative adsorbent for removal of heavy metals in the application of water produced treatment. In this work we adopted a methodology for batch processing, practiced by small businesses located in producing regions of Brazil. The characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area (BET). Research conducted showed that the improvement process used was effective for small volume production of diatomite concentrated. The diatomite obtained was treated by calcination at temperature of 900 oC for 2 hours, with and without fluxing Na2CO3 (4%), according to optimal results in the literature. Column adsorption experiments were conducted to percolation of the in nature, calcined and calcined fluxing diatomites. Effluent was used as a saline solution containing ions of Cu, Zn, Na, Ca and Mg simulating the composition of produced waters in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The breakthrough curves for simultaneous removal of copper ions and zinc as a result, 84.3% for calcined diatomite and diatomite with 97.3 % for fluxing. The calcined fluxing diatomite was more efficient permeability through the bed and removal of copper and zinc ions. The fresh diatomite had trouble with the permeability through the bed under the conditions tested, compared with the other obtained diatomite. The results are presented as promising for application in the petroleum industry

Relevância:

90.00% 90.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O principal objetivo da tese está relacionado ao tratamento de águas oleosas através da eletrofloculação utilizando corrente alternada de frequência variável, o qual procurou explorar as potencialidades desta técnica. Com a crescente demanda por petróleo e seus derivados, é cada vez maior a produção dessas águas residuárias que, antes de serem descartadas, precisam ser submetidas a tratamento que satisfaçam aos requisitos legais. O trabalho apresentado descreve o levantamento bibliográfico e os resultados dos ensaios realizados, empregando o tratamento de eletrofloculação com a finalidade de remover as substâncias consideradas poluentes presentes nestes efluentes. O processo de eletrofloculação foi testado tanto para o tratamento em corrente continua quanto em corrente alternada de frequência variável em efluentes sintéticos e reais de alta salinidade, contendo teores elevados de óleos e graxas, turbidez e cor. Eficiências de redução de 99% para óleos e graxas, cor e turbidez foram obtidos utilizando eletrodos de alumínio. O processo de eletrofloculação demonstrou-se bastante vantajoso em função da alta condutividade que permite o tratamento com menor consumo energético. A tecnologia de eletrofloculação com corrente alternada quando comparada com a tecnologia de corrente contínua se mostrou muito eficiente em relação a economia no desgaste de massa de eletrodos, o que, dependendo do tempo de aplicação da corrente elétrica nas mesmas condições de estudo, houve redução de mais da metade do consumo.

Relevância:

90.00% 90.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Os estudos destinados à aplicação de uma tecnologia mais limpa ao tratamento de águas em sistemas de resfriamento abertos com recirculação resultaram no desenvolvimento de uma filosofia de tratamento baseada na busca de uma operação com ciclo de concentração ideal. Assim, por meio do controle do balanço material no sistema de resfriamento, seria alcançado um nível de concentração em que a água de circulação apresentaria, naturalmente e ao mesmo tempo, baixa tendência à corrosão do ferro e baixa tendência à formação de incrustação de carbonato de cálcio. O tratamento com inibidores de corrosão e de formação de depósitos seria apenas complementar e, conseqüentemente, reduzido o emprego de produtos químicos para o condicionamento da água. O presente trabalho procura demonstrar que o critério de tratamento baseado apenas no índice de estabilidade não leva em conta o fato de que as espécies solúveis em água não se concentram de uma mesma forma, principalmente como decorrência de reações de conversão envolvendo o íon bicarbonato e de precipitação do íon cálcio. Como suporte desse trabalho, foram realizados ensaios de campo em um sistema de resfriamento aberto com recirculação em operação normal, porém sem tratamento químico da água. Foi possível, desse modo, observar a variação da concentração de cada espécie crítica presente na água com a vazão de descarga efetuada. Os resultados obtidos e o estudo realizado mostram que a metodologia tradicional pode apresentar desvios da realidade que podem comprometer a qualidade do tratamento, obrigando o emprego de maiores concentrações de produtos químicos para condicionamento da água, contrariando, assim, o próprio propósito original de execução de um tratamento dentro dos princípios de uma produção mais limpa. Este trabalho procura, ainda, salientar a importância qualitativa e quantitativa das espécies presentes, na água de reposição, na qualidade do tratamento, alertando que o emprego de reúso de água, como reposição de um sistema de resfriamento, deve ser criteriosamente analisado, pois uma água de má qualidade pode tornar o tratamento interno impraticável, exigindo a execução de um tratamento prévio muitas vezes inviável do ponto de vista econômico e causador de impacto ambiental

Relevância:

90.00% 90.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Esta pesquisa enfoca o uso do processo eletrolítico, como alternativa para tratamento de efluentes líquidos na Estação Antártica Comandante Ferraz (EACF), considerando as limitações ambientais locais e aspectos de consumo de energia. Este processo, classificado como não convencional, vem sendo estudado pela comunidade científica nacional e internacional para tratamento de diversos efluentes, inclusive esgotos domésticos, apresentando várias vantagens que estimularam a verificação de sua aplicabilidade para as condições peculiares da EACF. Foram realizados ensaios, em escala de laboratório, com esgotos domésticos coletados em um condomínio no Rio de Janeiro, usando reatores eletrolíticos com capacidade de 4 L, com eletrodos de desgaste de alumínio (Al) e de ferro (Fe), distância entre as placas de 0,9 cm e 1,8 cm, temperaturas na faixa de 7C a 22C, e ensaios para verificação da sua eficiência, por meio de parâmetros como DQO, DBO5, SST, turbidez e volume de lodo gerado. Sob temperatura de 15C e condições de condutividade da ordem de 900 S/cm, estimada para os esgotos da EACF, aplicando densidade de corrente de 22,9 A/m2, 4,5 V, tempo de retenção de 25 min, os resultados apresentaram valores de DQO no efluente tratado de 65 mg/L(redução de 89%), DBO de 56 mg/L (redução de 64 %), SST de 8 mg/L, com turbidez de 11,3 uT e, após filtração, turbidez de 3,2 uT, consumo de energia de 0,8 Wh/L. O aspecto é límpido e a qualidade final obtida é compatível para ser submetida a tratamento de desinfecção. A partir dos dados obtidos, foram avaliadas por meio de pré-projeto: a viabilidade de sua implantação em container, a estimativa de consumo de energia e de lodo gerado, requisitos de manutenção, operação, além da sugestão de monitoramentos e de medidas de mitigação de impactos ambientais associados à respectiva instalação.