Transporte público metropolitano nas regiões metropolitanas de Londrina e Maringá sob a ótica da mobilidade espacial

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Capacidad y parámetros representativos encontrados en líneas de autobuses de transporte público urbano bajo distinta infraestructura y grado de reserva

En el presente trabajo se desarrollan dos objetivos principales; por un lado, la modelización de la capacidad en distintas líneas de transporte público urbano, en especial, autobuses articulados que circulan por vías troncales, y por otro, el análisis de los parámetros más representativos y su interrelación, en función de la infraestructura, grado de reserva y segregación del carril-bus. Se desarrolla la metodología disponible en el Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) y se realiza una evaluación sólida del tiempo de permanencia en paradas por efecto de viajeros subidos-bajados como parámetro más influyente en la capacidad, generando nuevas leyes de predicción que son consideradas luego en el ajuste metodológico. Los resultados suponen un cambio en el criterio asumido hasta ahora, de una de mora en parada que crece en proporción constante a una tasa de tiempo por pasajero subido y/o bajado. El análisis estadístico determina la validez de estos modelos, y a su vez permite, obtener la máxima capacidad teórica y rango de variabilidad en cada sistema, en forma robusta. El trabajo prosigue en un proyecto más amplio para analizar la influencia de diversos grados de reserva en parámetros operativos de distintas líneas de transporte urbano

O ouro branco abre caminho: o algodão e a modernização do espaço urbano da Cidade da Parahyba (1850-1924)

The present research deals with the modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba2, between 1850 and 1924, and its relation with the cotton economy, which represented the main source of wealth accumulation for both the private and the public sectors throughout the First Republic. This study on urban history was developed by focusing on the understanding of the city s spatial formation, and despite its emphasis on the economic aspects involved, other factors that also contribute to the development of the social life were not put aside. The modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba was also analyzed during the period established for the study according to a chronological and thematic approach that established comparisons with the financial situation of the State, whenever this was necessary, with special attention to the contribution of the cotton economy to the State´s revenues. It was possible to detect a lack of financial help and loans from the federal and municipal administrations for finishing several public works already underway in the capital, since the federal funds allocated to the State of Parahyba do Norte were rather employed in emergency works against droughts and in agricultural development. One can then conclude that the financial resources required for the urban interventions were withdrawn from the State s treasury itself, resources that were collected mainly from activities such as cotton exportation and cotton trading. Another factor shows the interdependence between the urban remodeling and the cotton economy: during the years marked by great droughts or by hard plagues on the cotton plantations, cotton production decreased, as well as the State s finances. The first measures taken by the State s administrators were to halt all projects of urban remodeling in progress in the Cidade da Parahyba, which was, clearly, the most privileged city by the State s presidents during the period analyzed. 2 The city of João Pessoa was named Cidade da Parahyba, a designation that remained until September 1930, when it received its present-day name in order to pay homage to the president of the State, João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, murdered in the city of Recife in August of that same year. At that time, the State of Paraíba was known as Parahyba do Norte. Since this work is limited to a period of time comprised within the First Republic, the names employed respect the terms used in those days

Profesionalización del conductor de camión como factor crítico de éxito de una compañía de transporte terrestre de carga en Colombia

La implementación de un programa de profesionalización de conductores en una compañía de transporte terrestre de carga en Colombia, es una iniciativa, que además de producir ahorros energéticos al país, contribuye a la protección del medio ambiente y a la seguridad en las vías -- Al interior de las compañías de transporte terrestre de carga se generan importantes ahorros por menor consumo de combustible, menores costos de mantenimiento, mayor bienestar a los conductores; así como mayor disponibilidad y confiabilidad de los equipos para operar -- El trabajo de grado del que trata este documento tiene como propósito presentar un programa de profesionalización del conductor de camión en empresa de transporte terrestre de carga, en donde se identifican y definen cuáles son las etapas más importantes que debe incluir un programa de profesionalización de conductores en Colombia, y adicionalmente, se realiza valoración de la importancia de cada etapa dentro del programa -- El programa de profesionalización de conductores tiene como foco las personas, reconoce y valora su gran contribución al desempeño exitoso de las compañías de transporte, es por esto que el programa se fundamenta en teorías administrativas de motivación, clima organizacional, incentivo; al igual que teorías administrativas como ventaja competitiva, valor compartido, responsabilidad social empresarial, sostenibilidad, factor crítico de éxito y planeación estratégica -- Para la construcción del programa se realizaron investigaciones de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, con el fin de obtener información se utilizaron distintas técnicas como entrevistas, documentos, observación y cuestionarios

O ouro branco abre caminho: o algodão e a modernização do espaço urbano da Cidade da Parahyba (1850-1924)

The present research deals with the modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba2, between 1850 and 1924, and its relation with the cotton economy, which represented the main source of wealth accumulation for both the private and the public sectors throughout the First Republic. This study on urban history was developed by focusing on the understanding of the city s spatial formation, and despite its emphasis on the economic aspects involved, other factors that also contribute to the development of the social life were not put aside. The modernization process of the Cidade da Parahyba was also analyzed during the period established for the study according to a chronological and thematic approach that established comparisons with the financial situation of the State, whenever this was necessary, with special attention to the contribution of the cotton economy to the State´s revenues. It was possible to detect a lack of financial help and loans from the federal and municipal administrations for finishing several public works already underway in the capital, since the federal funds allocated to the State of Parahyba do Norte were rather employed in emergency works against droughts and in agricultural development. One can then conclude that the financial resources required for the urban interventions were withdrawn from the State s treasury itself, resources that were collected mainly from activities such as cotton exportation and cotton trading. Another factor shows the interdependence between the urban remodeling and the cotton economy: during the years marked by great droughts or by hard plagues on the cotton plantations, cotton production decreased, as well as the State s finances. The first measures taken by the State s administrators were to halt all projects of urban remodeling in progress in the Cidade da Parahyba, which was, clearly, the most privileged city by the State s presidents during the period analyzed. 2 The city of João Pessoa was named Cidade da Parahyba, a designation that remained until September 1930, when it received its present-day name in order to pay homage to the president of the State, João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, murdered in the city of Recife in August of that same year. At that time, the State of Paraíba was known as Parahyba do Norte. Since this work is limited to a period of time comprised within the First Republic, the names employed respect the terms used in those days

Escala de produção em empresas de transporte por ônibus a experiência brasileira

As economias de escala representam uma importante e polêmica questão dentro do debate em torno dos meios de transporte urbanos. A proliferação de pequenas empresas (geralmente predominantes nos países em desenvolvimento) induz à fragmentação de redes e métodos operacionais. Sendo assim, as administrações municipais procuram empresas que possuam grande número de ônibus e que possam assumir de forma completa e coordenada todos os aspectos operacionais do serviço. Entretanto, o tamanho dessas empresas pode trazer dificuldades no que concerne à rentabilidade, às economias externas e à produtividade. Do ponto de vista teórico, existe oposição à questão das economias de escala, consideradas negativas no setor de transportes. Entretanto, a análise da experiência brasileira leva a outras conclusões. Cerca de 1.500 empresas de ônibus urbanos são, em sua maior parte, privadas, ultrapassando o pequeno porte: propomos aqui sua classificação em oito tipos de escala. Por conseguinte, estudaremos as características operacionais e estruturais de cada uma delas. Os dados empíricos provêm de uma pesquisa em que houve a cooperação entre o meio científico e aqueles que operam os meios de transporte no Brasil (empresas públicas ou privadas). Contudo, as conclusões não se limitam nem à experiência nacional brasileira, nem ao contexto das cidades em desenvolvimento. Teoricamente, lançam uma dúvida sobre a atual presunção de que inexistem economias de escala nas empresas de ônibus.

A engenharia Civil e a produção industrial de energia eólica

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Edificações

Utilização de Cabos de alta Temperatura em linhas Aéreas em Média Tensão

A presente dissertação teve como objetivo fazer uma análise da viabilidade técnica da utilização dos condutores de alta temperatura nas linhas aéreas de MT, identificar vantagens, analisar inconvenientes, e estabelecer um comparativo a custos médios com as soluções convencionais. Foi efetuado o estudo de um caso real da EDP Distribuição que consistia na necessidade do aumento da capacidade de transporte de energia da linha aérea a 15 kV Espinho-Sanguedo. Neste foi ponderada a solução onde se poderia efetuar passagem de linha simples para linha dupla em alumínio-aço (AA) 160 mm2 ou a solução alternativa e inovadora de substituição dos condutores existentes por condutores de alta temperatura ACCC 182 mm2. Para isso foram efetuados cálculos e também criada uma ferramenta de apoio à decisão, para validação dos mesmos, com o intuito de mais tarde poder ser aplicada nas linhas aéreas em Média Tensão em todo o país e, sempre que necessário, se possa fazer um estudo de ponderação técnica de forma sistemática e estruturada. Neste trabalho estão identificadas as vantagens, foram relatados os inconvenientes, e estabeleceu-se um comparativo a custos médios da utilização de condutores de alta temperatura com as soluções convencionais. Antes de poder ser realizado um estudo do caso concreto da Linha aérea Espinho-Sanguedo foi necessário um aprofundamento do estado da arte no que diz respeito à comparação entre o cabo de alta temperatura ACCC e o cabo convencional ACSR, sendo este o mais utilizado nas linhas aéreas em MT. Os cabos de alta temperatura trouxeram inovações neste tema de transporte de energia, e como tal surgiu a necessidade de um estudo mais aprofundado da sua constituição, destacando o seu núcleo formado pelo compósito de fibra de carbono e fibra de vidro. Foi também analisado vantagens e desvantagens do cabo de alta temperatura e até mesmo situações onde a sua aplicação poderá ser vantajosa, de modo a tirar proveito das suas caraterísticas em que se destacam altas temperaturas de funcionamento e flechas reduzidas. Para elaborar um projeto de uma linha aérea em média tensão é necessário considerar a legislação em vigor, os aspetos ambientais e económicos, respeitando e garantindo as premissas do cálculo elétrico e mecânico. Economicamente este tipo de cabo (ACCC) é mais dispendioso do que os convencionais, no entanto o estudo realizado permitiu perceber que a sua implementação técnica é vantajosa em linhas aéreas de elevada capacidade de transporte de energia, sobretudo nos casos onde serão necessárias instalar linhas duplas ou linhas simples de seções elevadas. Devido às suas caraterísticas mecânicas, estes cabos permitem melhorar as linhas na sua dimensão, podendo diminuir o número de apoios a instalar, podendo diminuir a robustez dos apoios e permitir maior facilidade na montagem. Estas vantagens traduzem-se em menores impactos ambientais e permitem sobretudo reduzir os constrangimentos com os proprietários dos terrenos onde os apoios são implantados.

Estudio de las tecnologías asociadas al uso de combustibles en el sector transporte

Uno de los fenómenos que ha caracterizado el siglo XX ha sido el crecimiento desmesurado de las ciudades, en cantidad de habitantes y en extensión. La correspondiente incidencia en la motorización, sobre todo en las áreas urbanas, tornan muy importante el estudio de los impactos ambientales asociados al uso de combustibles en el sector transporte. Resulta imprescindible para estos fines el análisis de las alternativas tecnológicas disponibles en la actualidad y la posibilidad de utilización de nuevas tecnologías que logran disminuir la polución ambiental. El proyecto abarcará el estudio de las distintas tecnologías asociadas al uso de combustibles, la evolución del consumo y precios de los distintos combustibles. También se realizará un análisis del impacto ambiental para concluir con la aplicación a un caso hipotético específico del transporte público de pasajeros a desarrollarse en la Ciudad de Córdoba, proponiendo políticas y evaluando los impactos sociales de la aplicación de las mismas. Objetivos generales: * Evaluar la posibilidad de implementación de políticas de transporte público relacionadas a la tipología de vehículos utilizados en el servicio de transporte urbano de pasajeros. * Proponer alternativas viables en el corto y mediano plazo con el fin de disminuir el impacto sobre el ambiente en la Ciudad de Córdoba. Objetivos específicos: * Estudio pormenorizado del crecimiento del sector automotriz en los últimos años haciendo hincapié en los vehículos de transporte masivo y según el tipo de combustibles utilizados para la propulsión. * Estudio de la incidencia impositiva de los distintos impuestos que gravan el consumo de combustibles. * Análisis de los distintos contaminantes del medio asociados a cada tipología. * Evaluación social de la aplicación determinadas tecnologías en el transporte urbano de pasajeros conjuntamente con el planteo de planes de acción a seguir.

Deficit, human capital and economic growth dynamics

Long-run economic growth arouses a great interest since it can shed light on the income-path of an economy and try to explain the large differences in income we observe across countries and over time. The neoclassical model has been followed by several endogenous growth models which, contrarily to the former, seem to predict that economies with similar preferences and technological level, do not necessarily tend to converge to similar per capita income levels. This paper attempts to show a possible mechanismthrough which macroeconomic disequilibria and inefficiencies, represented by budget deficits, may hinder human capital accumulation and therefore economic growth. Using a mixed education system, deficit is characterized as a bug agent which may end up sharply reducing the resources devoted to education and training. The paper goes a step further from the literature on deficit by introducing a rich dynamic analysis of the effects of a deficit reduction on different economic aspects.Following a simple growth model and allowing for slight changes in the law of human capital accumulation, we reach a point where deficit might sharply reduce human capital accumulation. On the other hand, a deficit reduction carried on for a long time, taking that reduction as a more efficient management of the economy, may prove useful in inducing endogenous growth. Empirical evidence for a sample of countries seems to support the theoretical assumptions in the model: (1) evidence on an inverse relationship betweendeficit and human capital accumulation, (2) presence of a strongly negative associationbetween the quantity of deficit in the economy and the rate of growth. They may prove a certain role for budget deficit in economic growth

Deficit, human capital and economic growth dynamics

Long-run economic growth arouses a great interest since it can shed light on the income-path of an economy and try to explain the large differences in income we observe across countries and over time. The neoclassical model has been followed by several endogenous growth models which, contrarily to the former, seem to predict that economies with similar preferences and technological level, do not necessarily tend to converge to similar per capita income levels. This paper attempts to show a possible mechanismthrough which macroeconomic disequilibria and inefficiencies, represented by budget deficits, may hinder human capital accumulation and therefore economic growth. Using a mixed education system, deficit is characterized as a bug agent which may end up sharply reducing the resources devoted to education and training. The paper goes a step further from the literature on deficit by introducing a rich dynamic analysis of the effects of a deficit reduction on different economic aspects.Following a simple growth model and allowing for slight changes in the law of human capital accumulation, we reach a point where deficit might sharply reduce human capital accumulation. On the other hand, a deficit reduction carried on for a long time, taking that reduction as a more efficient management of the economy, may prove useful in inducing endogenous growth. Empirical evidence for a sample of countries seems to support the theoretical assumptions in the model: (1) evidence on an inverse relationship betweendeficit and human capital accumulation, (2) presence of a strongly negative associationbetween the quantity of deficit in the economy and the rate of growth. They may prove a certain role for budget deficit in economic growth

National energy policies of the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada in the 1970s and 1980s: are economic and/or environmental concerns responsible for change?

The thesis presents a comparison of the national energy policies of the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada from 1973 until the late 1980s. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether economic and/or environmental concerns were responsible for changes in the· West-German and Canadian national energy policies. Furthermore, the feasibility of implementing a soft energy path in West-Germany and Canada is examined. For better comprehension of the policy-making process and implemented changes in the national energy policies of the two states, the West-German and Canadian parliamentary systems and the political cultures were compared. For the analysis, several events with international impact were taken as guidelines. Furthermore, based on statistical data, the West-German and Canadian energy production and consumption were analyzed. With reference to these results the degree of the de facto changes in the national energy policies were analyzed. In addition, the thesis discusses the possibilities which a soft energy path offers to both national governments to renounce themselves from the dependencies on a few energy resources. The thesis reveals that changes in the West-German and Canadian national energy policies, in their energy production and consumption are correlated to various world events. In particular, governmental reponses security of energy supply by the two international oil crises of 1973 and 1979/1980 demonstrate that changes in the West-German and Canadian national energy policies were implemented in reaction to economic concerns than environmental ones. With the policies "away from oil" and "off oil", the West-German and Canadian government implemented the i i substitution of oil through various diverse energy supply resources. However, energy savings concepts and policies were initiated through the first oil crisis in 1973. The world recessions in 1975 and 1982 had no 'profound impacts on the agenda of West-German and Canadian energy policies. As a consequence of the stagnation or the negative growth of the world economic market, changes in their energy production and consumption can be perceived. However, the West-German and Canadian energy production and consumption intensified with the augmentation of the world economy. During the period of study, environmental concerns were taken into account in the energy policy agendas of the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada but they were not of primary concern. wi thin the decade of. the 1980s notably more environmental considerations were taken into account in the energy policies of the two states. The two nuclear reactor accidents in 1979 and 1986 sharpened to various degrees West-German and Canadian public discourse of present energy supply mix and attitude towards energy production and consumption. The statistical data reflects yet no changes in the energy policies in regard to the position of nuclear power. However, in the next several years possible changes can be observed through statistical data, because the planning, the construction and possible phase out of nuclear power requires several years. Finally, the thesis reveals that the implementation of a soft energy path requires profound changes in the consumer behaviour. As several studies indicate, a soft energy path is technological and economically feasible for the Federal Republic of Germany and Canada, its implementation remains to be a political decision.

The new blockbuster film sequel : changing cultural and economic conditions within the film industry

Film sequels are a pervasive part of film consumption practices and have become an important part of the decision making process for Hollywood studios and producers. This thesis indicates that sequels are not homogenous groups of films, as they are often considered, but offer a variety of story construction and utilize a variety of production methods. Three types of blockbuster sequel sets are identified and discussed in this thesis. The Traditional Blockbuster Sequel Set, as exemplified by Back to the Future (1985, 1989, 1990) films, is the most conventional type of sequel set and capitalizes on the winning formula of the first film in the franchise. The MultiMedia Sequel Set, such as The Matrix (1999,2003) trilogy, allows the user/viewer to experience and consume the story as well as the world of the film through many different media. The Lord a/ the Rings (2001, 2002, 2003) set of films is an illustration of The Saga Sequel Set where plot lines are continuous over the entire franchise thus allowing the viewer to see the entire set as a unified work. The thesis also demonstrates how the blockbuster sequel sets, such as the Pirates a/ the Caribbean (2003, 2006, 2007) franchise, restructure the production process of the Hollywood film industry.

Economic security & reconstruction: utility, history and practice in post-conflict environments

Please consult the paper edition of this thesis to read. It is available on the 5th Floor of the Library at Call Number: Z 9999 P65 D53 2007

Echno economic studies on industrial fishing in the upper east coast of India

The present scenario of industrial fishing in India is that most of large trawlers are based at Visakhapatnam and congregate in the potential shrimp ground in the upper East coast of India commonly known as the Sandheads. These are outriggcr vessels operating two or four trawl nets along with a testing trawl called try net. In the early Seventies these vessels were operating on a very high economic return which was evident from the steady increase in number of outriggers over a period of twenty years. Since the total allowable catch has to be shared by all vessels including the increasing fleet, reduction per vessel output is bound to happen. Therefore some of them could not survive the competition and withdrew from the scene. The number of outriggers did not increase subsequently. However, there arose a doubt whether the existing fleet of about 180 vessels are fishing economically or whether there is any scope for further introduction of industrial vessels in the region. This study is focussing to the techno economic aspects of industrial fishing in the upper East coast of India