1000 resultados para Toxicologia ambiental - Tietê, Rio (SP)
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The 1992 Rio Earth Summit was of paramount importance in the consolidation and international dissemination of environmental impact assessment, officially recognized as a tool for informed decision-making towards sustainable development (Principle 17, Rio Declaration) and for protection of biodiversity (Article 14, Convention on Biological Diversity). A significant development afterwards was the strengthening of strategic environmental assessment in the design of policies, plans and programs. Both forms of impact assessment can establish the necessary connections between one goal of the Rio+20 Conference - reaching an agreement on the transition to a green economy - and the underpinning decision making processes. Although the Rio+20 Summit has faced challenges to acknowledge its potential, impact assessment should be strengthened in support of both government and business decisions.
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The contamination of aquatic environments is a phenomenon that dates back the origins of human civilizations and was amplified by the advent of industrial processes. The Jundiaí river , Macaíba's main water source, suffering discharge of effluents from various industries. The study work´s in two fronts, the environmental perception front was conducted through semistructured interviews whose textile effluent was appointed by the population as the main problem in the river. It was observed that nearly all respondents had concerns about the environment. In addition, there is an inclusion of individuals as the cause of the problem, because a significant part recognizes that its activities may cause damage to the environment and people's health. In other front, the experimental monitoring of water quality was conducted through ecotoxicological tests and physiochemical analysis that proposed to assess Pomacea lineata .Mysidopsis juniae isolated effect of textile effluent and its influence on the river compared with the limits established by Brazilian law. Although the physio-chemical analysis shows is inconclusive about the participation of the textile effluent in environmental contamination of the river, the ecotoxicological tests have shown to blunt the signal that the effluent may present a risk to aquatic organisms and consequently to human health. Thus, an interdisciplinary way it was possible to study the cause of the environmental problem identified by the population in the realization phase and measurable effect on water quality analysis in the river by means of the tests mentioned.
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Exposure to organochlorines induces retinoid deficiency in mammals; hence, retinoids are potential biomarkers of the impact of these pollutants. Appropriate target tissues to monitor retinoids in cetaceans have not been properly identified because of a lack of information on the contribution of each tissue to total body retinoids. Therefore, we have addressed this issue by studying the contribution of the main body tissues to retinoids in 21 common dolphins obtained from incidental catches and in apparent good health and nutritive condition. Although concentrations in the liver were highest, those in blubber were also high and accounted for 43% of the total retinoid load of the compartments examined. As blubber can be obtained using non-invasive biopsy techniques, this tissue is proposed as a reliable indicator of retinoid status in cetaceans. However, blubber topographical variation in structure and composition requires standardization of sampling sites. Retinoid concentrations did not differ significantly between sexes or with body size for any of the tissues, but the lipid content of blubber strongly influenced these concentrations. Biopsies from healthy, free-ranging individuals are preferred to samples from stranded animals. Further research on the influence of factors (age, sex, reproductive condition, diet) that potentially affect retinoid levels is required to implement the use of retinoids as biomarkers of pollutant exposure in cetaceans.
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There is an increasing interest in the use of breath analysis for monitoring human physiology and exposure to toxic substances or environmental pollutants. This review focuses on the current status of the sampling procedures, collection devices and sample-enrichment methodologies used for exhaled breath-vapor analysis. We discuss the different parameters affecting each of the above steps, taking into account the requirements for breath analysis in exposure assessments and the need to analyze target compounds at sub-ppbv levels. Finally, we summarize the practical applications of exposure analysis in the past two decades
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Objetivo: El propósito del estudio fue comparar los niveles de mercurio en cabello en dos muestras de ninos peruanos provenientes de dos zonas geográficas distintas: una zona rural minera y una zona urbana. Material y métodos: La zona minera correspondió al poblado de Mollehuaca (Arequipa), de donde se obtuvieron 52 muestras de cabello; la zona urbana no expuesta a minería correspondió al distrito de Los Olivos (Lima), de donde se obtuvieron 40 muestras. Se determinó el nivel de mercurio con la técnica estandarizada de plasma de inducción acoplado con un espectrómetro de masas (ICP-MS). Resultados: En la zona rural, en promedio, se obtuvo un nivel de mercurio de 7,47 ppb±26,9. En la zona urbana, el nivel de mercurio alcanzó un promedio de 2,47 ppb±1,28. No se encontraron diferencias significatives en el nivel de mercurio según edad o género. Conclusión: Se concluye que el grupo expuesto a minería aurífera informal y de zona rural presentó niveles de mercurio en cabello en promedio mayores a los del grupo de zona urbana, pero esta diferencia no fue significativa (p=0,188, α=0,05).
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A tese trata da questão dos custos causados pelo não controle da poluição do ar na cidade de São Paulo, dando ênfase para os danos causados para a saúde: mortalidade e morbidade. O trabalho tenta fazer uma abordagem multidisciplinar do problema. Faz um apanhado geral da análise custo-benefício e de sua aplicabilidade para a questão ambiental. Utiliza-se também da técnica de valoração contingente, com o intuito de captar a sensibilidade e percepção da população em relação à questão da poluição atmosférica.
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O presente trabalho trata do tema do desenvolvimento local e da sua sustentabilidade, especificamente numa das regiões mais pobres do município de São Paulo, situada na Zona Leste, entre os bairros de Itaquera e Guaianazes. O interesse sobre esta região deve-se ao fato de que ela tem sido objeto de preocupação tanto da sociedade civil organizada quanto do Estado. Dentro de uma ótica que reconhece uma realidade globalizada/mundializada, é dado um tratamento multifacetado à questão focal. O texto aborda aspectos conjunturais da realidade mundial, sob pontos de vista econômico, político e social, da realidade brasileira naqueles aspectos que afetam o desenvolvimento nacional em geral e o da região de estudo como conseqüência. A situação especialmente crítica da megalópole paulistana e as particularidades da Zona Leste de S. Paulo, cuja história está imbricada na história do desenvolvimento brasileiro no século XX, são analisadas nesta dissertação
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)