Health status of Saudi women, the case of Yanbu al-Sinaiya

Detailed data on the health status of Saudi women are lacking. This cross sectional study attempts to provide a comprehensive description of the health status of Saudi females between the ages of 15-45 residing in Yanbu Al-Siniyah. The purpose is to assess women's needs for health services. The health status indicators are chronic tracer conditions, reported symptoms and multidimensional functioning levels. The generic functioning instrument of the Medical Outcome Study was used to estimate physical, social, and role functioning; degree of pain and health perceptions. The information was obtained by interviewing subjects and abstracting facts from their medical records. The results show functioning scores are in the "well health" range for physical, social, role and pain. Crowding and education have an equal or stronger effect of reducing functioning levels than the diagnosed tracer conditions. The highest prevalence conditions having a definite functional impact and diagnosed adequately in primary care are anemia, urinary tract infection, hemorrhoids, rheumatoid arthritis, caries and gingivitis. Reported symptoms strongly reducing function levels in this study are dyspnea, heart pain, incontinence, eye and skin problems, and joint ache. The impact of the reliability and validity of the measures used and other limitations of the results are discussed. Finally, some policy implications and suggestions for future study are presented. ^

Effect of yoga and swimming on body temperature of pregnant women

Physical activity for pregnant women should be controlled and adapted in order to minimize the risk of loss of balance and fetal trauma (Davies, Wolfe, Mottola, y MacKinnon, 2003). Noninvasive technologies are required for understanding better the effects of physical activity on pregnant women. Infrared thermography allows, remotely, securely and without any contact, to measure and display accurate temperatures on the human skin.

Evidence suggesting that the odortypes of pregnant women are a compound of maternal and fetal odortypes.

Odortypes--namely, body odors that distinguish one individual from another on the basis of genetic polymorphism at the major histocompatibility complex and other loci--are a fundamental element in the social life and reproductive behavior of the mouse, including familial imprinting, mate choice, and control of early pregnancy. Odortypes are strongly represented in urine. During mouse pregnancy, an outcrossed mother's urine acquires fetal major histocompatibility complex odortypes of paternal origin, an observation that we took as the focus of a search for odortypes in humans, using a fully automated computer-programmed olfactometer in which trained rats are known to distinguish precisely the odortypes of another species. Five women provided urine samples before and after birth, which in each case appropriately trained rats were found to distinguish in the olfactometer. Whether this olfactory distinction of mothers' urine before and after birth reflects in part the odortype and hence genotype of the fetus, and not just the state of pregnancy per se, was tested in a second study in which each mother's postpartum urine was mixed either with urine from her own infant or with urine of a different, same-aged infant. Responses of trained rats were more positive with respect to the former (congruous) mixtures than to the latter (incongruous) mixtures, implying that, as in the mouse, human fetal odortypes of paternal genomic origin are represented in the odortype of the mother, doubtless by circulatory transfer of the pertinent odorants.

Mental health literacy of Latina women in the United States for their school-aged children

Despite known mental health (MH) disparities faced by Latino children relative to children from other minority groups of similar socioeconomic status (SES), little is known about how Latina mothers make MH decisions for their children. The present study examined links between Latina mothers' mental health literacy (MHL), including the recognition of and response to child psychiatric symptoms, and maternal acculturation factors as well as interpersonal violence (IPV) related symptomatology. Participants were 80 Latina mothers from Denver, Colorado and Modesto, California with at least one child between the ages of 8-12 years. Mothers were presented vignettes depicting child internalizing and externalizing disorders as well as interviewed about their help seeking behaviors. Maternal acculturation was not related to identification of disorders, but was related to more symptoms recognized for child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Acculturation predicted use of formal source of care for child internalizing and externalizing disorder. Women demonstrated a preference for informal source of care, with the exception of IPV-related child symptoms, where women demonstrated a preference for formal source of care. IPV-related symptoms did not moderate the relationship between acculturation and MHL. The relationship between maternal acculturation, IPV related symptomatology and their combined effect on MHL for child psychiatric disorders are discussed.

Academie to atelier : the artistic education of American women in nineteenth-century Paris

This paper puts forth an alternate reading of the artistic climate in late nineteenth-century Paris than that which has traditionally been suggested. I propose that the expansion of creative opportunity during this time reveals a climate of communal support, consent, and progressive reform for women artists, rather than a struggle to undermine central (masculine) control, as many scholars have claimed. Specifically, I explore the work of American expatriates living in Paris, including but not limited to Cecilia Beaux, Anna Klumpke, Alice Kellogg, and Ellen Day Hale. The birth of the private academy in Paris offered women the chance to develop their artistic ability and assert their independence. The Académie Julian in particular provided a comparatively accepting and progressive environment where American women studying abroad could study from the nude model, receive proper training, and explore their full creative potential. Through an examination of a) these women’s self-portraits, and b) depictions of them painted by their contemporaries – both male and female – I further investigate the artistic education of American women in the highly-gendered cultural milieu of late nineteenth-century France.

The future of educated women

by Helen Ekin Starrett ; and Men, women, and money / by Frances Ekin Allison.

A new day for the colored woman worker: a study of colored women in industry in New York City

Joint Committee to Study the Employment of Colored Women in New York City and Brooklyn.

University of Michigan Women's Cross Country Team, 1980

Back Row: Josie VonVoightlander, ?, Annette Penilo, Carol Lam, Sue Frederick, Dana Loesche, ass't. coach Mark Timmons

Front Row: Ann Brown, Ingrid Rader, Melanie Weaver, Lisa Larsen, Lynn Fudala, Dawn Woodruff.

University of Michigan Women's Cross Country Team, 1981

Back Row: Lena Kasper, Ingrid Rader, Lisa Larson, Dawn Woodruff, Julie Clifford, Ann Boyd, coach Francie Kraker Goodridge

Middle Row: Patty Shanahan, Dina Zarin, Martha Gray, Lynn Fudala, Melanie Weaver, Dana Loesche, Sara Montgomery

Front Row: Janet Fulkerson, Cindy Cooke, Judy Yuhn, Sue Frederick, Carol Lam, Jannette Schindler

University of Michigan Women's Cross Country Team, 1982

Back Row: Holly Hunting, Melanie Weaver, Lisa Larsen-Weidenbach, Judy Yuhn, coach Francie Kraker Goodridge

Front Row: Sue Schroeder, Carol Lam, Patty Shanahan, Sue Frederick-Foster