Pre-investigation of water electrolysis for flexible energy storage at large scales: the case of the Spanish power system

This report analyzes the basis of hydrogen and power integration strategies, by using water electrolysis processes as a means of flexible energy storage at large scales.

Graphene for energy storage

Due to its excellent mechanical, termal, optical and electrical properties, graphene has recently attracted increasing attention. It provides a huge surface area (2630m2 g-1) and high electrical conductivity, making it an attractive material for applications in energy-storage systems.

Experimental study of the thermal-energy performance of an insulated vegetal facade under summer conditions in a continental mediterranean climate

The use of vegetal systems in facades affects the reduction of the buildings' energy demand, the attenuation of the urban heat island (UHI) and the filtration of pollutants present in the air. Even so, up to now the knowledge about the effect of this type of systems on the thermal performance of insulated facades is limited. This article presents the results of an experimental study carried out in a vegetal facade located in a continental Mediterranean climate zone. The objective is to study the effect of a vegetal finishing, formed by plants and substrate, on the thermal-energy performance of an insulated facade under summer conditions. To this effect, the thermal data obtained from two full-scale experimental mock-ups of the same dimensions and composition of the enclosure and only different in the south facade's enclosure where one incorporates a vegetation layer are compared and analysed. The results show that, in spite of the high thermal resistance of the enclosure, the effect of the vegetation is very positive, particularly in the warmer hours of the day. Therefore, vegetal facades can be used as a passive cooling strategy, reducing the consumption of energy for refrigeration and improving the comfort conditions of the users. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pre-investigation of water electrolysis for flexible energy storage at large scales: the case of the Spanish power system

This report analyzes the basis of hydrogen and power integration strategies, by using water electrolysis processes as a means of flexible energy storage at large scales. It is a prospective study, where the scope is to describe the characteristics of current power systems (like the generation technologies, load curves and grid constraints), and define future scenarios of hydrogen for balancing the electrical grids, considering the efficiency, economy and easiness of operations. We focus in the "Spanish case", which is a good example for planning the transition from a power system holding large reserve capacities, high penetration of renewable energies and limited interconnections, to a more sustainable energy system being capable to optimize the volumes, the regulation modes, the utilization ratios and the impacts of the installations. Thus, we explore a novel aspect of the "hydrogen economy" which is based in the potentials of existing power systems and the properties of hydrogen as energy carrier, by considering the electricity generation and demand globally and determining the optimal size and operation of the hydrogen production processes along the country; e.g. the cost production of hydrogen becomes viable for a base-load scenario with 58 TWh/year of power surplus at 0.025 V/kWh, and large number electrolyzer plants (50 MW) running in variable mode (1-12 kA/m2)

Draft environmental impact statement for commercial ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) licensing.

"March 1981."

Solar thermal energy systems.

Report year ends Sept. 30.

Compressed air energy storage in Illinois : a study and report /

Cover title.

Proceedings of the Fifth Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Conference, February 20-22, 1978, Miami Beach, Florida /

Mode of access: Internet.

Modeling & Analysis of Small Hydroelectric Generation and Battery Energy Storage Connected as a Microgrid

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Synthesis of wormlike nanoporous nickel oxide with nanocrystalline framework for electrochemical energy storage

In this work, nanoporous nickel oxide was synthesized using anionic surfactant assembly method. Structure characterizations show that this nickel oxide possesses partly-ordered mesoporous structure with nanocrystalline pore wall. The formation mechanism of wormlike nanoporous structure is ascribed to the quasi-reverse micelle system formed by ternary phases of SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)/urea/water. Cyclic voltammetry shows that these nickel oxide samples possess both good capacitive behavior due to its unique nanoporous structure and very high specific capacitance due to its high surface area with electrochemical activity.

Control of second-life hybrid battery energy storage system based on modular boost-multilevel buck converter

To fully utilize second-life batteries on the grid system, a hybrid battery scheme needs to be considered for several reasons: the uncertainty over using a single source supply chain for second-life batteries, the differences in evolving battery chemistry and battery configuration by different suppliers to strive for greater power levels, and the uncertainty of degradation within a second-life battery. Therefore, these hybrid battery systems could have widely different module voltage, capacity, and initial state of charge and state of health. In order to suitably integrate and control these widely different batteries, a suitable multimodular converter topology and an associated control structure are required. This paper addresses these issues proposing a modular boost-multilevel buck converter based topology to integrate these hybrid second-life batteries to a grid-tie inverter. Thereafter, a suitable module-based distributed control architecture is introduced to independently utilize each converter module according to its characteristics. The proposed converter and control architecture are found to be flexible enough to integrate widely different batteries to an inverter dc link. Modeling, analysis, and experimental validation are performed on a single-phase modular hybrid battery energy storage system prototype to understand the operation of the control strategy with different hybrid battery configurations.