SOC dynamic power management using artificial neural network

Dynamic Power Management (DPM) is a technique to reduce power consumption of electronic system by selectively shutting down idle components. In this article we try to introduce back propagation network and radial basis network into the research of the system-level power management policies. We proposed two PM policies-Back propagation Power Management (BPPM) and Radial Basis Function Power Management (RBFPM) which are based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Our experiments show that the two power management policies greatly lowered the system-level power consumption and have higher performance than traditional Power Management(PM) techniques-BPPM is 1.09-competitive and RBFPM is 1.08-competitive vs. 1.79, 1.45, 1.18-competitive separately for traditional timeout PM, adaptive predictive PM and stochastic PM.

Dynamic power management approaches based on neural network

Dynamic Power Management (DPM) is a technique to reduce power consumption of electronic system. by selectively shutting down idle components. In this article we try to introduce back propagation network and radial basis network into the research of the system-level policies. We proposed two PAY policies-Back propagation Power Management (BPPM) and Radial Basis Function Power management (RBFPM) which are based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Our experiments show that the two power management policies greatly lowered the system-level power consumption and have higher performance than traditional Power Management(PM) techniques-BPPM is 1.09-competitive and RBFPM is 1.08-competitive vs. 1.79,145,1.18-competitive separately for traditional timeout PM, adaptive predictive PM and stochastic PM.

SOC dynamic power management using artificial neural network

Dynamic Power Management (DPM) is a technique to reduce power consumption of electronic system by selectively shutting down idle components. In this article we try to introduce back propagation network and radial basis network into the research of the system-level power management policies. We proposed two PM policies-Back propagation Power Management (BPPM) and Radial Basis Function Power Management (RBFPM) which are based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Our experiments show that the two power management policies greatly lowered the system-level power consumption and have higher performance than traditional Power Management(PM) techniques-BPPM is 1.09-competitive and RBFPM is 1.08-competitive vs. 1.79 . 1.45 . 1.18-competitive separately for traditional timeout PM . adaptive predictive PM and stochastic PM.

一种支持动态调节的最小特权安全策略架构

最小特权机制可为安全操作系统提供恰当的安全保证级.本文描述了一种支持动态调节的最小特权安全策略架构,它结合角色的职责隔离和域的功能隔离特性,通过一种基于进程上下文一角色、执行域和运行映像的权能控制机制,将每个进程始终约束在这些上下文允许的最小特权范围内.本文实例分析了该架构在安胜OS v4.0,一种自主开发的、符合GB17859-1999第四级--结构化保护级的安全操作系统中的实现.结果表明,它可支持安全操作系统实施动态调节的最小特权控制,并提供灵活有效的系统.

Causes and consequences of changes in nutrient structure in the Jiaozhou Bay

Concentrations and ratios of nutrients in Jiaozhou Bay, China, have changed much in the past decades, with trends indicating an increase in nitrogen and a decrease in silicate. Statistical analysis has shown that the long-term variations of nutrients are associated with agricultural activities, precipitation, and anthropogenic factors. Stoichiometric calculations indicate that the nutrient structure has become more and more unbalanced. There has been almost no possibility for nitrogen limitation since the 1980s, the probability of P limitation has increased, and the probability of Si limitation has also increased markedly from the 1980s to the 1990s. As a consequence of changes in nutrient structure, a decrease in the abundance of net phytoplankton was evident, whereas total chlorophyll a levels have remained roughly unchanged at around 3.55 mu g/L. Thus, it is likely that smaller species have taken the niche vacated by the larger species. Changes in phytoplankton size and species composition may ultimately lead to various functional and structural changes at the system level.

通过语言任务和功能磁共振成像研究人类小脑功能

Since the 19th century, people have long believed that the function of cerebellum was restricted to fine motor control and modulation. In the past two decades, however, more and more studies challenged this traditional view. While the neuroanatomy of the cerebellum from cellular to system level has been well documented, the functions of this neural organ remain poorly understood. This study, including three experiments, attempted to further the understanding of cerebellar functions from different viewpoints. Experiment One used the parametric design to control motor effects. The activation in cerebellum was found to be associated with the difficulty levels of a semantic discrimination task, suggesting the involvement of the cerebellum in higher level of language functions. Moreover, activation of the right posterior cerebellum was found to co-vary with that of the frontal cortex. Experiment Two adopted the cue-go paradigm and event-related design to exclude the effects of phonological and semantic factors in a mental writing task. The results showed that bilateral anterior cerebellum and cerebral motor regions were significantly activated during the task and the hemodynamic response of the cerebellum was similar to those of the cerebral motor cortex. These results suggest that the cerebellum participates in motor imagination during orthographic output. Experiment Three investigated the learning process of a verb generation task. While both lateral and vermis cerebellum were found to be activation in the task, each was correlated a separate set of frontal regions. More importantly, activations both in the cerebellum and frontal cortex decreased with the repetition of the task. These results indicate that the cerebellum and frontal cortex is jointly engaged in some functions; each serves as a part of a single functional system. Taken these findings together, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1.The cerebellum is not only involved in functions related to speech or articulation, but also participates in the higher cognitive functions of language. 2.The cerebellum participates in various functions by supporting the corresponding regions in cerebral cortex, but not directly executes the functions as an independent module. 3.The anterior part of cerebellum is related to motor functions, whereas the posterior part is involved in cognitive functions. 4.While the motor functions rely on the engagement of both sides of the cerebellar hemispheres, the higher cognitive functions mainly depend on the right cerebellum.

Robust, High-Speed Network Design for Large-Scale Multiprocessing

As multiprocessor system size scales upward, two important aspects of multiprocessor systems will generally get worse rather than better: (1) interprocessor communication latency will increase and (2) the probability that some component in the system will fail will increase. These problems can prevent us from realizing the potential benefits of large-scale multiprocessing. In this report we consider the problem of designing networks which simultaneously minimize communication latency while maximizing fault tolerance. Using a synergy of techniques including connection topologies, routing protocols, signalling techniques, and packaging technologies we assemble integrated, system-level solutions to this network design problem.

Energy-aware dynamic route management for THAWS

In this research we focus on the Tyndall 25mm and 10mm nodes energy-aware topology management to extend sensor network lifespan and optimise node power consumption. The two tiered Tyndall Heterogeneous Automated Wireless Sensors (THAWS) tool is used to quickly create and configure application-specific sensor networks. To this end, we propose to implement a distributed route discovery algorithm and a practical energy-aware reaction model on the 25mm nodes. Triggered by the energy-warning events, the miniaturised Tyndall 10mm data collector nodes adaptively and periodically change their association to 25mm base station nodes, while 25mm nodes also change the inter-connections between themselves, which results in reconfiguration of the 25mm nodes tier topology. The distributed routing protocol uses combined weight functions to balance the sensor network traffic. A system level simulation is used to quantify the benefit of the route management framework when compared to other state of the art approaches in terms of the system power-saving.

Why do nominal characteristics acquire status value? A minimal explanation for status construction.

Why do beliefs that attach different amounts of status to different categories of people become consensually held by the members of a society? We show that two microlevel mechanisms, in combination, imply a system-level tendency toward consensual status beliefs about a nominal characteristic. (1) Status belief diffusion: a person who has no status belief about a characteristic can acquire a status belief about that characteristic from interacting with one or more people who have that status belief. (2) Status belief loss: a person who has a status belief about a characteristic can lose that belief from interacting with one or more people who have the opposite status belief. These mechanisms imply that opposite status beliefs will tend to be lost at equal rates and will tend to be acquired at rates proportional to their prevalence. Therefore, if a status belief ever becomes more prevalent than its opposite, it will increase in prevalence until every person holds it.

Less wiring, more firing: low-performing older adults compensate for impaired white matter with greater neural activity.

The reliable neuroimaging finding that older adults often show greater activity (over-recruitment) than younger adults is typically attributed to compensation. Yet, the neural mechanisms of over-recruitment in older adults (OAs) are largely unknown. Rodent electrophysiology studies have shown that as number of afferent fibers within a circuit decreases with age, the fibers that remain show higher synaptic field potentials (less wiring, more firing). Extrapolating to system-level measures in humans, we proposed and tested the hypothesis that greater activity in OAs compensates for impaired white-matter connectivity. Using a neuropsychological test battery, we measured individual differences in executive functions associated with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and memory functions associated with the medial temporal lobes (MTLs). Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared activity for successful versus unsuccessful trials during a source memory task. Finally, we measured white-matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging. The study yielded 3 main findings. First, low-executive OAs showed greater success-related activity in the PFC, whereas low-memory OAs showed greater success-related activity in the MTLs. Second, low-executive OAs displayed white-matter deficits in the PFC, whereas low-memory OAs displayed white-matter deficits in the MTLs. Finally, in both prefrontal and MTL regions, white-matter decline and success-related activations occurred in close proximity and were negatively correlated. This finding supports the less-wiring-more-firing hypothesis, which provides a testable account of compensatory over-recruitment in OAs.

An integrated approach to flow, thermal and mechanical modeling of electronics devices

The future success of many electronics companies will depend to a large extent on their ability to initiate techniques that bring schedules, performance, tests, support, production, life-cycle-costs, reliability prediction and quality control into the earliest stages of the product creation process. Earlier papers have discussed the benefits of an integrated analysis environment for system-level thermal, stress and EMC prediction. This paper focuses on developments made to the stress analysis module and presents results obtained for an SMT resistor. Lifetime predictions are made using the Coffin-Manson equation. Comparison with the creep strain energy based models of Darveaux (1997) shows the shear strain based method to underestimate the solder joint life. Conclusions are also made about the capabilities of both approaches to predict the qualitative and quantitative impact of design changes.

Self-Management of Chronic Pain: Interventions, Strategies, Barriers, and Facilitators

Background & Purpose: Chronic pain is a prevalent chronic condition for which the best management options rarely provide complete relief. Individuals with chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics (NC) report more severe pain and experience less relief from interventions. Little is known about current self-management practices. The purpose of this dissertation was to inform self-management of chronic pain with and without NC at the individual, health system, and policy levels using the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework. Methods: The study included a systematic search and review and cross-sectional survey. The review evaluated the evidence for chronic pain self-management interventions and explored the role of health care providers in supporting self-management. The survey was mailed to 8,000 randomly selected Canadians in November 2011, and non-respondents were followed-up in May 2012. Screening questions were included for both chronic pain and NC. The questionnaire captured pain descriptions, self-management strategies, and self-management barriers, and facilitators. Results: Findings of the review suggested that self-management interventions are effective in improving pain and health outcomes. Health care professionals provided self-management advice and referred individuals to self-management interventions. The questionnaire was completed by 1,520 Canadians. Those with chronic pain (n=710) identified primary care physicians as the most helpful pain management professional. Overall, use of non-pharmaceutical medical self-management strategies was low. While use positive emotional self-management strategies was high, individuals with NC were more likely to use negative emotional self-management strategies compared to those without NC. Multiple self-management barriers and facilitators were identified, however those with NC were more likely than those without NC to experience low self-efficacy, depression and severe pain which may impair the ability to self-management. Conclusions: Health care professionals have the opportunity to improve chronic pain outcomes by providing self-management advice, referring to self-management interventions, and addressing self-management barriers and facilitators. Individuals with NC may require additional health services to address their greater self-management challenges, and further research is needed to identify non-pharmaceutical interventions effective in relieving chronic pain with NC. Public policy is needed to facilitate health systems in providing long-term self-management support for individuals with chronic pain.

Rapid Implementation and Optimisation of DSP Systems on FPGA-Centric Hetrogeneous Platforms

This paper, chosen as a best paper from the 2005 SAMOS Workshop on Computer Systems: describes the for the first time the major Abhainn project for automated system level design of embedded signal processing systems. In particular, this describes four key novelties: novel algorithm modelling techniques for DSP systems, automated implementation realisation, algorithm transformation for system optimisation and automated inter-processor communication. This is applied to two complex systems: a radar and sonar system. In both cases technology which allows non-experts to automatically create low-overhead, high performance embedded signal processing systems is exhibited.

WEBCOM-G: A candidate middleware for Grid-Ireland

WebCom-G is a fledgling Grid Operating System, designed to provide independent service access through interoperability with existing middlewares. It offers an expressive programming model that automatically handles task synchronisation – load balancing, fault tolerance, and task allocation are handled at the WebCom-G system level – without burdening the application writer. These characteristics, together with the ability of its computing model to mix evaluation strategies to match the characteristics of the geographically dispersed facilities and the overall problem- solving environment, make WebCom-G a promising grid middleware candidate.