Monte Carlo simulation applied in total reflection X-ray fluorescence: Preliminary results

The X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis is a technique for the qualitative and quantitative determination of chemical constituents in a sample. This method is based on detection of the characteristic radiation intensities emitted by the elements of the sample, when properly excited. A variant of this technique is the Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) that utilizes electromagnetic radiation as excitation source. In total reflection of X-ray, the angle of refraction of the incident beam tends to zero and the refracted beam is tangent to the sample support interface. Thus, there is a minimum angle of incidence at which no refracted beam exists and all incident radiation undergoes total reflection. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the energy variation of the beam of incident x-rays, using the MCNPX code (Monte Carlo NParticle) based on Monte Carlo method. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

Selenium fractionation from plasma, muscle and liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This paper presents the results obtained from selenium fractionation in plasma, muscle and liver samples of Nile tilapia's (Oreochromis niloticus) after protein separation. The plasma, muscle and liver proteome was obtained by 2D-PAGE, and selenium in protein spots was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The fluorescence spectra indicated the presence of selenium in three protein spots of plasma, two of muscle and one of liver. Selenium was found to be distributed mainly in proteins with a molar mass smaller than 57.0 kDa and with pI in the range of 5.9-9.6, with one exception in the plasma sample, which presented protein with a molar mass of 60.0 kDa. After acid mineralization of the protein spots, a GFAAS determination of the concentration of selenium bound to these proteins indicated a range of 1.35-6.82 mg per g of protein. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Development and characterization of a new bio-nanocomposite (bio-NCP) for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer is a public health problem throughout the world. Moreover, breast cancer cells have a great affinity for hydroxyapatite, leading to a high occurrence of bone metastasis. In this work we developed a bio-nanocomposite (bio-NCP) in order to use such affinity in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The bio-NCP consists of magnetic nanoparticles of Mn and Zn ferrite inside a polymeric coating (chitosan) modified with nanocrystals of apatite. The materials were characterized with synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction (XPD), Time-of-Flight Neutron Powder Diffraction (NPD), Fourier Transformed Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and magnetic measurement with a Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS). We obtained ferrite nanoparticles with a high inversion degree of the spinel structure regarding the Fe and Mn, but with all the Zn in the A site. The coating of such nanoparticles with chitosan had no notable effects to the ferrite microstructure. In addition, the polymeric surface can be easily modified with apatite nanocrystals since the hydration of the bio-NCP during synthesis can be controlled. The resulting bio-NCP presents a spherical shape with a narrow size distribution and high magnetic response at room temperature and is a very promising material for early diagnosis of breast cancer and its treatment. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Estudos estruturais da Purina Nucleosídeo Fosforilase do Mycobacterium tuberculosis complexada com ligantes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Sobre interferência e discos de acreção em espaços curvos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinação de manganês e zinco em spots protéicos de plasma de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) por SR-XRF e GFAAS após separação por 2D-PACE

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas para avaliação de cálcio, ferro e zinco ligados a proteínas de tecido hepático de Tilápia do Nilo(Oreochromis Niloticus )

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Abordagem bioanalítica e físico-química da qualidade de carne em bovinos Nelore (Bos indicus) selecionados para produção

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Selênio em tilápia do Nilo utilizando eletroforese em gel e espectrometria atômica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Difração de policristais e difração múltipla de raios X para o estudo da influência dos íons Mn+2, Mg+2 e Cu+2 nas estruturas cristalinas da L asparagina monohidratada e do sulfato de níquel hexahidratado

Neste trabalho realizamos um estudo sobre a influência dos dopantes Mn⁺², Mg⁺² e Cu⁺² nas estruturas cristalinas de cristais de Sulfato de Níquel hexahidratado (NSH) e L Asparagina Monohidratada (LAM). A introdução de dopantes em uma rede cristalina pode alterar suas propriedades físicas ou seu hábito de crescimento. Estas alterações podem favorecer as aplicações tecnológicas destes cristas em diversas áreas como medicina, agricultura, óptica e eletrônica. Os cristais de NSH foram crescidos pelo método da evaporação lenta do solvente e dopados com íons de Mn⁺² e Mg⁺², resultando em cristais de boa qualidade. Realizamos medidas de Difração de raios X de policristais nos cristais puros e dopados e a partir dos resultados obtidos fizemos refinamentos, usando o método de Rietiveld, onde foi observado que os cristais dopados apresentavam a mesma estrutura tetragonal e grupo espacial que o cristal puro, havendo uma pequena mudança em seus parâmetros de rede e volume de suas células unitárias. Observamos que a introdução de dopantes causou alterações nos comprimentos das ligações e nos ângulos entre os átomos de níquel e oxigênio, isso pode explicar porque as temperaturas de desidratação dos cristais de NSH:Mg e NSH:Mn são maiores que a do NSH puro. Usamos a técnica de Difração Mútipla de raios X com radiação síncroton em diferentes energias na estação de trabalho XRD1, do Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Síncroton (LNLS) a fim de identificarmos possíveis mudanças nas estruturas dos cristais dopados de Sulfato de Níquel e de L Asparagina. Os diagramas Renninger mostram mudanças na intensidade, perfil e posições dos picos secundários dos cristais dopados causadas pela introdução dos dopantes. Os cristais de L Asparagina Monohidratada foram crescidos pelo método da evaporação lenta do solvente, sendo dopados com íons de Cu⁺². As medidas de difração múltipla mostram que o cristal dopado possui a mesma estrutura ortorrômbica que o cristal puro. Foram detectadas mudanças nas intensidades, assim como, nas posições e perfil de picos secundários no diagramas Renninger para o cristal dopado. Nossos resultados indicam que o mecanismo de incorporação dos íons de Cu⁺² na rede cristalina da L Asparagina Monohidratada ocorre de forma intersticial.

Estudo de propriedades estruturais e de piezeletricidade nos cristais de ADP e KDP puros e dopados com íons Ni2+ e Mn3+ com DMRX utilizando radiação síncrotron

A difração múltipla de raios-X utilizando radiação Síncrotron foi aplicada para o estudo de cátions de metais de transição Mn³⁺ e Ni²⁺ incorporados a rede cristalina do Fosfato de Amônio Monobásico (ADP) e Fosfato de Potássio Monobásico (KDP). Em todos os diagramas Renninger obtidos para as diferentes amostras e diferentes comprimentos de onda podemos observar que as posições angulares e o número de picos não sofrem alteração. Este fato nos diz que os parâmetros da célula unitária e a simetria do cristal são praticamente os mesmos, independentemente da incorporação de cátíons Mn³⁺ e Ni²⁺. Cálculos precisos dos parâmetros da célula unitária revelam que há expansão dos parâmetros de rede a = b e contração do parâmetro de rede c do cristal de ADP dopado com Ni²⁺ e Mn³⁺. Nas medidas com ambos os comprimentos de onda no ADP:Mn o digrama Renninger apresenta picos com perfis semelhantes aos perfis dos picos nos diagrama Renninger do cristal de ADP puro. Nenhum pico extra aparece no diagrama Renninger do cristal dopado. A partir dos diagramas resultantes das medidas no cristal de ADP:Ni pode-se observar claramente: (i) alguns picos que tinham um perfil assimétrico no diagrama do cristal de ADP puro apresentam perfis quase totalmente simétricos no diagrama do cristal dopado com Ni (nas medidas com comprimento de onda abaixo da borda de absorção do Ni) e, (ii) alguns picos sofrem uma forte inversão em seus perfis (nas medidas com comprimento de onda acima da borda de absorção do Ni), por exemplo, o pico (5-12)/(-112), que representa um caso de quatro feixes. Estes resultados indicam que o diagrama Renninger com radiação Síncrotron é uma sonda de alta resolução a serem utilizados na incorporação de impurezas na rede ADP. Além disso, investigamos os coeficientes piezelétricos dos cristais de ADP:Mn, KDP:Mn e KDP:Ni por difração de raios-X à temperatura ambiente. Os resultados das medidas das reflexões 440 e 066 permitiram a obtenção dos coeficientes d₃₆ e d₂₅. Nós observamos que estes coeficientes aumentaram com a dopagem dos íons Mn³⁺ e Ni²⁺ nos cristais de ADP e KDP.

Deconstructing the DGAT1 enzyme: Binding sites and substrate interactions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Viabilidade do Código MCNPX para o Estudo da Técnica de Fluorescência de Raios-X por Reflexão Total

The X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is an important technique for the qualitative and quantitative determination of chemical components in a sample. It is based on measurement of the intensity of the emitted characteristic radiation by the elements of the sample, after being properly excited. One of the modalities of this technique is the total reflection x-ray fluorescence (TXRF). In TXRF, the angle of refraction of the incident beam tends to zero and the refracted beam is tangent to the sample-support interface. Thus, there is a minimum angle of incidence that there is no refracted beam and all the incident radiation undergoes total reflection. As it is implemented in very small samples, in a film format, self-absorption effects should not very relevant. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using code MCNPX (Monte Carlo N - Particle eXtended), to simulate a measure implemented by the TXRF technique. In this way, it was verified the quality of response of a system by TXRF spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation as excitation beam for a simple setup, by retrieving the characteristic energies and the concentrations of the elements in the sample. The steps of data processing, after obtaining the excitation spectra, were the same as in a real experiment and included the obtaining of the sensitivity curve for the simulated system. The agreement between the theoretical and simulated values of Ka characteristic energies for different elements was lower than 1 % .The obtained concentration of the elements of the sample had high relatively errors ( between 6 and 60 % ) due mainly to lack of knowing about some realistic physical parameters of the sample , such as density . In this way, this result does not preclude the use of MCNPX code for this type of application

Homogeneity of the geochemical reference material BRP-1 (paranábasin basalt) and assessment of minimum mass

Reference materials (RM) are required for quantitative analyses and their successful use is associated with the degree of homogeneity, and the traceability and confidence limits of the values established by characterisation. During the production of a RM, the chemical characterisation can only commence after it has been demonstrated that the material has the required level of homogeneity. Here we describe the preparation of BRP-1, a proposed geochemical reference material, and the results of the tests to evaluate its degree of homogeneity between and within bottles. BRP-1 is the first of two geochemical RM being produced by Brazilian institutions in collaboration with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG). Two test portions of twenty bottles of BRP-1 were analysed by wavelength dispersive-XRF spectrometry and major, minor and eighteen trace elements were determined. The results show that for most of the investigated elements, the units of BRP-1 were homogeneous at conditions approximately three times more rigorous than those strived for by the test of sufficient homogeneity. Furthermore, the within bottle homogeneity of BRP-1 was evaluated using small beam (1 mm(2)) synchrotron radiation XRF spectrometry and, for comparison, the USGS reference materials BCR-2 and GSP-2 were also evaluated. From our data, it has been possible to assign representative minimum masses for some major constituents (1 mg) and for some trace elements (1-13 mg), except Zr in GSP-2, for which test portions of 74 mg are recommended.

Persistent luminescence behavior of materials doped with Eu2+ and Tb3+

In this work, the persistent luminescence mechanisms of Tb3+ (in CdSiO3) and Eu2+ (in BaAl2O4) based on solid experimental data are compared. The photoluminescence spectroscopy shows the different nature of the inter- and intraconfigurational transitions for Eu2+ and Tb3+, respectively. The electron is the charge carrier in both mechanisms, implying the presence of electron acceptor defects. The preliminary structural analysis shows a free space in CdSiO3 able to accommodate interstitial oxide ions needed by charge compensation during the initial preparation. The subsequent annealing removes this oxide leaving behind an electron trap. Despite the low band gap energy for CdSiO3, determined with synchrotron radiation UV-VUV excitation spectroscopy of Tb3+, the persistent luminescence from Tb3+ is observed only with UV irradiation. The need of high excitation energy is due to the position of F-7(6) level deep below the bottom of the conduction band, as determined with the 4f(8)-> 4f(7)5d(1) and the ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions. Finally, the persistent luminescence mechanisms are constructed and, despite the differences, the mechanisms for Tb3+ and Eu2+ proved to be rather similar. This similarity confirms the solidity of the interpretation of experimental data for the Eu2+ doped persistent luminescence materials and encourages the use of similar models for other persistent luminescence materials. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America