Tècniques científiques integrades II: un nou model per impartir una assignatura de prà ctiques de laboratori

La Facultat de Ciències ha desplegat els nous graus de Biologia, Química, Ciències Ambientals i Biotecnologia organitzats amb un primer curs comú per donar les bases científiques prèvies als següents cursos ja especialitzats. El disseny dels nous graus ha suposat un canvi en la metodologia i organització d’aquests estudis. Dins d’aquest primer curs es situa el mòdul de Tècniques Científiques Integrades (TCI), de caràcter pràctic i que consta de tres assignatures que van endinsant a l’alumne en l’experimentació científica. Dins d’aquest mòdul es situa l’assignatura Tècniques Científiques Integrades II, una assignatura de 6 crèdits, completament pràctica, que té per objectiu introduir l’alumne al laboratori científic, l’aplicació de tècniques bàsiques d’anàlisi, i el bon ús del material de laboratori. Complementant aquest objectiu, l’alumne ha de començar a treballar diferents competències transversals necessàries en l’àmbit científic

Serveis Tècnics de Recerca: Unitat d’Anà lisi Química i Estructural (II)

Unitat de recerca amb aparells com el d’espectrometria de masses amb plasma d’acoblament inductiu, el de líquid-masses, d’anàlisi elemental, de difracció de raigs X de pols i de monocristall o de fluorescència de raigs X

Avaluació complexa basada en competències de l'assignatura prácticum II en els estudis de grau en infermeria de la Universitat de Girona

El Pràcticum en Infermeria representa un total del 32% dels crèdits de la titulació. Aquest espai formatiu precisa d'una atenció especial pel fet de ser on l'estudiant on s'han d'integrar l'assoliment de les seves competències. Per aconseguir avaluar l'assoliment de competències en aquest espai formatiu, és necessari treballar de forma conjunta amb tot el professorat i realitzar una proposta d'avaluació complexa, amb activitats alhora formatives i avaluadores. Aquestes activitats a partir d eles quals s'avaluarà a l'estudiant a través de la creació d'unes rúbriques, són la observació, la tutoria, els seminaris, el diari reflexiu i el portafoli

L'Àmbit urbà i periurbà de Rhode entre el 195 aC i el segle II dC

Aquest projecte de recerca es planteja, com a objectiu principal, elaborar una contextualització de Rhode entre el 195 aC i mitjan segle II dC. Es tracta d’assolir noves hipòtesis sobre el final relativament sobtat que pateix la fundació massaliota, quin són els motius del seu abandonament, si aquest es produeix totalment, quins fets porten a la recuperació d’aquest espai i quin paper pot jugar l'àmbit periurbà de Rhode durant tot aquest període. Alhora, es cerca posar en relació els esdeveniments que passen a Rhode amb el procés de romanització que pateix el territori

El descriptivo de puestos asociados al Plan Carrera en BDO Ecuador Cía Ltda

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo evidenciar la importancia que tienen los descriptivos de funciones y la base que ellos implican para cualquier trabajo que emprenda el área de Talento Humano, en este caso en BDO Ecuador Cia. Ltda. Se realizó la implementación del modelo de competencias, el análisis y descripción de los cargos hasta finalizar en el plan carrera de los colaboradores, mismos que se abordan en los tres capítulos. El primer capítulo que habla sobre el relevamiento de funciones, importancia y el enfoque HAY GROUP que es el que se utilizó en la firma, justamente por tratarse según mi criterio el más objetivo. Se aborda la planificación estratégica y la parte filosófica de la organización. En el capítulo II se aborda la importancia del desarrollo de competencias, la importancia de la adecuación puesto – persona, y la vida laboral por la cual pasa una persona. En el capítulo III se habla sobre el plan carrera, potencial, cómo medirlo, las claves para retener a las personas. Con toda esta implementación y estudio se pretende que la Organización cambie su cultura organizacional a una cultura que se preocupe por el desarrollo de las personas, misma que permita alcanzar a sus colaboradores sus objetivos profesionales y personales, todo este cambio le ayudará a retener a su personal, que es el más valioso dentro de la firma.

Copper(II) complexes of mono-anionic glutamate: anionic influence in the variations of molecular and supramolecular structures

Three new polynuclear copper(II) complexes of singly deprotonated L-glutamic acid (L-glu), {[Cu(bipy)(2)][Cu(bipy)(L-glu)H2O](2)(BF4)(4)center dot(H2O)(3)}(n) (1), {[Cu(bipy)(L-glu)H2O][Cu(bipy)(L-glu)(ClO4)]( ClO4)center dot(H2O)(2)}(n) ((2)) and [Cu(phen)(L-glu)H2O](2)(NO3)(2)center dot(H2O)(4) (3) (bipy = 2,2-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), were synthesized in acidic pH (ca. 2.5) and characterized structurally. In all the complexes, L-glutamic acid acts as a bidentate chelating ligand, leaving the protonated carboxylic acid free. Both in 1 and 2, two different types of species [Cu(bipy)(2)](BF4)(2) and [Cu(bipy)(L-glu)H2O] BF4 for 1 and [Cu(bipy)(L-glu)H2O]ClO4 and [Cu(bipy)(L-glu)(ClO4)] for 2 coexist in the solid state. In complex 1, the [C( bipy)(L-glu)H2O]+ units are joined together by syn-anti carboxylate bridges to form an enantiopure (M) helical chain and the [Cu(bipy)(2)](2+) presents a very rare example of the four-coordinate distorted tetrahedral geometry of Cu(II). In complex 2, the [Cu(bipy)(L gluClO(4))] units are joined together by weakly coordinating perchlorate ions to form a 1D polymeric chain while the [Cu(bipy)(L-glu)H2O]+ units remain as mononuclear species. The different coordinating ability of the two counter anions along with their involvement in the H-bonding network seems likely to be responsible for the difference in the final polymeric structures in the two compounds. Variable-temperature (2-300 K) magnetic susceptibility measurements show negligible coupling for both the complexes. The structure of 3 consists of two independent monomeric [Cu(phen)(L-glu)H2O]+ cations, two nitrate anions and four water molecules. The copper atom occupies a five-coordinate square pyramidal environment with a water molecule in the axial position.

Low-temperature synthesis of ordered graphite nanofibres using nickel(II)-exchanged zeolites

Ordered graphite nanofibre formation has been observed at exceptionally low temperatures on admission of ethyne to zeolite Y, which had been exchanged with Ni(II). The samples have been characterised by TEM, carbon analysis, and electronic spectroscopy. Formation of the nanofibres requires no hydrogen, and was not observed when cation exchange was carried out at acidic pH. The observed fibres resemble herring-bone nanofibrils, growing from nickel particles, and ca. 90% have diameters in the range 35-40 nm. Similar fibres have also been grown using nickel-exchanged zeolite beta.

Synthesis of new phosphino amino alcohol ligands via ortho-alkyllithiation reactions. Versatile coordination behavior toward copper(I) and palladium(II)

2-[Methyl(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethanol undergoes an ortho-alkyllithiation reaction with n-butyllithium to lead to a new mixed benzyllithium−lithium alkoxide. This organolithium species reacts with PPh2Cl, with selective P−C bond formation, to afford the ligand 2-[methyl(2-((diphenylphosphino)methyl)phenyl)amino]ethanol L1. The coordination of the ligand L1 to copper(I) leads to the complex [Cu(L1)2](BF4), whose structure has been determined by an X-ray diffraction study. In the solid state, one of the ligands acts as a monodentate phosphine while the other adopts a tridentate P,N,O coordination mode. A variable-temperature 31P NMR study demonstrated the existence of an equilibrium between the two modes in solution, with a coalescence temperature of ca. 0 °C, indicating a double-hemilabile behavior for the nitrogen and the oxygen functions. L1 reacts with [Pd(Me)(Cl)(COD)] to give a dinuclear complex in which the ligand appears to behave as a bridging anionic P,O ligand. Such a complex could serve as a model for a key intermediate in the proposed mechanism for the homogeneous catalysis of the methoxycarbonylation of propyne by certain palladium(II) complexes containing P,N ligands. L1 can undergo a second ortho-alkylmetalation reaction with n-butyllithium which, after addition of PPh2Cl, provides the new ligand 2-{methyl[2-(bis(diphenylphosphino)methyl)phenyl]amino}ethanol (L2) in high yield.

Regulation of Na(+)/H(+) Exchanger Isoform 1 (NHE1) by Calmodulin-binding Sites: Role of Angiotensin II

We examined the effect of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on the interaction between the Ca(2+)/CaM complex and hNHE1. Considering that calmodulin binds to NHE1 at two sites (A and B), amino acids at both sites were modified and two mutants were constructed: SA(1K3R/4E) and SB(1K3R/4E). Wild type and mutants were transfected into PS120 cells and their activity was examined by H(+) flux (J(H+)). The basal J(H+) of wild type was 4.71 +/- 0.57 (mM/min), and it was similar in both mutants. However, the mutations partially impaired the binding of CaM to hNHE1. Ang II (10(-12) and 10(-9) M) increased the J(H+) in wild type and SB. Ang II (10(-6) M) increased this parameter only in SA. Ang II (10(-9) M) maintained the expression of calmodulin in wild type or mutants, and Ang II (10(-6) M) decreased it in wild type or SA, but not in SB. Dimethyl-Bapta-AM (10(-7) M), a calcium chelator, suppressed the effect of Ang II (10(-9) M) in wild type. With Ang II (10(-6) M), Bapta failed to affect wild type or SA, but it increased the J(H+) in SB. W13 or calmidazolium chloride (10(-5) M), two distinct calmodulin inhibitors, decreased the effect of Ang II (10(-9) M) in wild type or SB. With Ang II (10(-6) M), W13 or calmidazolium chloride decreased the J(H+) in wild type or SA and increased it in SB. Thus, with Ang II (10(-12) and 10(-9) M), site A seems to be responsible for the stimulation of hNHE1 and with Ang II (10(-6) M), site B is important to maintain its basal activity. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel

Formation of out of plane oxime metallacycles in [Cu(2)] and [Cu(4)] complexes

The reaction Of Cu(ClO(4))(2)center dot 6H(2)O with dimethylglyoxime (H(2)dmg) in a 1:1 mole ratio in aqueous methanol at room temperature affords the dinuclear complex [Cu(2)(mu-Hdmg)(4)] (1). Reaction of 1 with [Cu(bpy)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (bpy = 2,2`-bipyridine) in a 1:1 mole ratio in aqueous methanol at room temperature yields the tetranuclear complex [Cu(2)(mu-HdMg)(2)(mu-dMg)(2)(bpy)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (2). The direct reaction of Cu(ClO(4))(2)center dot 6H(2)O with H(2)dmg and bpy in a 2:21 mole ratio in aqueous methanol at room temperature also yields 2 quantitatively. The complexes 1 and 2 were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Unlike the binding in Ni/Co-dmg, two different types of N-O bridging modes during the oxime based metallacycle formation and stacking of square planar units have been identified in these complexes. The neutral dinuclear complex 1 has CuN(4)O coordination spheres and complex 2 consists of a dicationic [Cu(2)(mu-HdMg)(2)(mu-dMg)(2)(bpy)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) unit and two uncoordinated ClO(4)(-) anions having CuN(4)O and CuN(2)O(3) coordination spheres. The two copper(II) ions are at a distance of 3.846(8) angstrom in 1 for the trans out of plane link and at 3.419(10) and 3.684(10) angstrom in 2 for the trans out of plane and cis in plane arrangements, respectively. The average Cu-N(oxime) distances are 1.953 and 1.935 angstrom, respectively. The average basal and apical Cu-N(oxime) distances are 1.945, 2.295 and 2.429 angstrom. The UV-Vis spectra of 2 is similar to the spectrum of the reaction mixture of 1 and [Cu(bpy)(H(2)O)(2)](2+). Variable temperature magnetic properties measurement shows that the interaction between the paramagnetic copper centers in complex I is antiferromagnetic in nature. The EPR spectra of frozen solution of the complexes at 77 K consist of axially symmetric fine-structure transitions (Delta M(S) = 1) and half-field signals (Delta M(S) = 2) at ca. 1600 G, suggesting the presence of appreciable Cu-Cu interactions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of the partial replacement of La by M (M=Ce, Ca and Sr) in La(2-x)M(x)CuO(4) perovskites on catalysis of the water-gas shift reaction

The performance of La(2-x)M(x)CuO(4) perovskites (where M = Ce, Ca or Sr) as catalysts for the water-gas shift reaction was investigated at 290 degrees C and 360 degrees C. The catalysts were characterized by EDS, XRD, N(2) adsorption-desorption, XPS and XANES. The XRD results showed that all the perovskites exhibited a single phase (the presence of perovskite structure), suggesting the incorporation of metals in the perovskite structure. The XPS and XANES results showed the presence of Cu(2+) on the surface. The perovskites that exhibited the best catalytic performance were La(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4) perovslcites, with CO conversions of 85%-90%. Moreover, these perovskites have higher surface areas and larger amounts of Cu on the surface. And Ce has a higher filled energy level than the other metals, increasing the energy of the valence band of Ce and providing more electrons for the reaction. Besides, the La(1.80)Ca(0.20)CuO(4) perovskite showed a good catalytic performance.

Monitoramento do impacto de dejetos industriais em amostras de água do Rio Caí através do teste SMART em Dorsophila melanogaster

O presente estudo teve como objetivos (i) avaliar a validade do emprego do teste SMART, em Drosophila melanogaster, como indicador da contaminação de amostras de água superficial associada a misturas complexas, (ii) detectar a atividade tóxico-genética de dejetos industriais, lançados no rio Caí, empregando o cruzamento aprimorado. Dentro desta perspectiva, pretendeu também (iii) comparar os dados obtidos para as amostras sob influência de despejos industriais com aqueles previamente observados para amostras sob influência de dejetos de origem urbana, provenientes das cidades de Montenegro e São Sebastião do Caí (Silva., 1999). Na tentativa de avaliar a genotoxicidade, associada ao curso final do rio Caí, foram selecionados os seguintes pontos de coleta de despejos industriais: Km 18,6 - situado na foz do arroio Bom Jardim, próximo à área de disposição do efluente final líquido e da drenagem das áreas de disposição dos resíduos sólidos do complexo industrial – e Km 13,6 - no canal da bacia de acumulação e segurança 7 do pólo industrial Neste ensaio genético, cada amostra industrial foi administrada às larvas de terceiro estágio em duas diluições (25% e 50%), bem como na sua forma crua (100%) - sendo avaliados um total de 40 indivíduos por amostra por concentração, totalizando a análise de 11.712.000 células por amostra. Foram utilizados dois controles negativos, o controle de campo – representado pela nascente de um riacho localizada em uma área conservada com fraca ação antrópica e próxima aos pontos do rio – assim como o diluente água destilada. Uma vez que as freqüências das diferentes categorias de manchas não foram significantemente superiores àquelas observadas nos controles negativos (água destilada), os pontos Km 18,6 e Km 13,6 foram caracterizados como destituídos de ação genotóxica nos três meses de coleta : março, junho e setembro. Estes achados sugerem que, nas condições experimentais empregadas, os dejetos de origem industrial não foram capazes de induzir lesões do tipo mutação gênica, cromossômica, assim como eventos relacionados com recombinação mitótica. Por outro lado, a comparação dos dados obtidos no presente estudo com os observados por Silva (1999) para dejetos urbanos, revelou a validade do emprego do teste SMART como uma ferramenta para detecção de contaminação ambiental. De fato, as amostras urbanas referentes aos meses de março (Km 52, 78 e 80) e setembro (Km 52) – coletadas concomitantemente com as de origem industrial – foram diagnosticadas como indutoras de aneuploidias e/ou de grandes deleções cromossômicas. As potências genotóxicas médias estimadas mostraram que o Km 80 foi o local com o maior grau de genotoxicidade – seguido pelos Km 78 e 52 – que apresentaram potências semelhantes Considerando os resultados obtidos, em cinco pontos situados ao longo do curso final do rio Caí, conclui-se que os prejuízos causados pelos dejetos urbanos podem ser tão ou mais nocivos que os impostos pelos de origem industrial – especialmente em função de seu grande volume de lançamento.

Extração de metais (K, Mg, Ba, Ca, Cr, Mn, Li, Fe) de água produzida utilizando sistema microemulsionado

The produced water is a byproduct formed due to production of petroleum and carries with it a high amount of contaminants such as oil particles in suspension, organic compounds and metals. Thus, these latter pollutants are very difficult to treat because of its high solubility in water. The objective of this work is to use and evaluate a microemulsioned system to remove metals ( K , Mg , Ba , Ca , Cr , Mn , Li , Fe ) of synthetic produced water. For the extraction of metals, it was used a pseudoternary diagram containing the following phases: synthetic produced water as the aqueous phase (AP), hexane as organic phase (OP), and a cosurfactant/surfactant ratio equal to four (C/S = 4) as the third phase, where the OCS (saponified coconut oil) was used as surfactant and n-butanol as cosurfactant. The synthetic produced water was prepared in a bench scale and the region of interest in the diagram for the removal of metals was determined by experimental design called. Ten points located in the phase Winsor II were selected in an area with a large amount of water and small amounts of reagents. The samples were analyzed in atomic absorption spectrometer, and the results were evaluated through a statistical assesment, allowing the efficiency analysis of the effects and their interactions. The results showed percentages of extraction above 90% for the metals manganese, iron, chromium, calcium, barium and magnesium, and around 45% for metals lithium and potassium. The optimal point for the simultaneous removal of metals was calculated using statistical artifact multiple response function (MR). This calculation showed that the point of greatest extraction of metals occurs was the J point, with the composition [72% AP, 9% OP, 19% C/S], obtaining a global extraction percentage about 80%. Considering the aspects analyzed, the microemulsioned system has shown itself to be an effective alternative in the extraction of metals on synthetic produced water remediation

Produção de mudas de caramboleiras 'B-10' e 'Golden Star': II - marcha de absorção e acúmulo de nutrientes

A participação do Brasil no mercado externo de frutas tem aumentado consideravelmente e com potencial para crescer ainda mais. A constante ascensão dos dados de exportação brasileira é resultado da combinação de avanços tecnológicos do setor produtivo e de acesso a novos mercados consumidores. A caramboleira apresenta-se como uma excelente opção de cultivo de frutas exóticas, com grande potencial para atender ao mercado interno e às exportações. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a marcha de absorção e de acúmulo de nutrientes em mudas de caramboleiras cultivadas em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi realizado em parcelas subdivididas, sendo utilizadas como parcela as duas cultivares de caramboleira ('B-10' e 'Golden Star') e, como subparcelas, cinco épocas de coleta de plantas, realizadas aos 208; 233; 258; 283 e 308 dias após o transplantio para a solução nutritiva. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos (8L) com solução nutritiva (pH=5,5 ± 0,5), com aeração. O experimento iniciou-se em 24-08-2005. Nos diferentes órgãos das mudas (folhas, caule e raízes), determinaram-se a marcha de absorção, o acúmulo de nutrientes e os índices nutricionais. Não houve diferenças no acúmulo de nutrientes entre as mudas de caramboleira de ambas as cultivares, sendo a ordem decrescente dos nutrientes em cada muda de 'B-10', no final do período experimental: N > K > Ca > Mg > S > P > Fe > Mn > B > Cu > Zn. Para a 'Golden Star', a ordem foi: N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S > Fe > Mn > B > Cu > Zn. Para as duas cultivares, o acúmulo médio foi maior nas folhas > caule > raízes. O período de maior exigência para 'B-10' foi entre 208 - 233 e, para 'Golden Star', entre 233 - 283 dias após o transplantio. As diferentes taxas de acumulação líquida dos nutrientes, nos diferentes órgãos da caramboleira, nem sempre acompanharam a taxa de acumulação de nutrientes do respectivo órgão.