936 resultados para Sequências comportamentais


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Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Economic crises caused by speculative bubbles are recurring in economic history but there is still no consensus on how it begins, grows and overflows. Economists and regulators seem to be inefficient in predicting and preventing this process, which is so detrimental to economic functioning. This failure proved to be obvious with the American subprime crises, which had great impact on various sectors of the U.S. economy. In this paper, we perform a literature review of the traditional theory of finance, mainly represented by the Efficient Market Hypothesis. According to this theory, asset prices always reflect their intrinsic value, assumption that doesn’t match the price boom followed by a crash, observed in the crisis generated by speculative bubbles. Finally, we present a new way to analyze this phenomenon, in the light of the investors’ behavioral aspects and the flaws inherent to the financial markets

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Dogs are becoming more and more a part of family life, but the relationship between man and dog is not always healthy. Many dogs are abandoned and illtreated due to their behavioral problems. Among the main behavioral disturbances reported in dogs, there are the separation anxiety, compulsive disorder, aggression and fear. Despite the necessity, there is a paucity of skilled professionals in this field and a difficulty in finding articles on the subject. This paper describes the ways to assess the behavioral problems and address in an objective way some of the major behavioral problems presented by dogs, its etiology and treatment

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The Itararé Group is the record of one of the most significant glaciation events of the Gondwana. Of neocarboniferous-eopermian age, this unit has facies associations interpreted as resulted from shallow marine settings with glacial and deglacial water influence. The role of glaciers on the tectonic-sedimentary processes of the Itararé Group is striking, as typical facies such as diamictites, tilites, shales and rhythmites with dropstones are generated, besides the existence of glacially striated and polished surfaces. This work had as main goal to contribute to the geological knowledge of the Itararé Group in the central eastern portion of São Paulo State, using as basis outcrops from Itu, Salto and Porto Feliz, and also pertinent bibliographic data and well profiles located in the surrounding areas. About the stratigraphic framework, genetic association and paleogeography of these deposits, this work concludes that the area studied comprises the basal section of the Itararé Group. The stacking of the facies recognized during the field work begins with the striated and polished surfaces of the basement, described in Salto, superposed by tilites and diamictites with glacial movement features. Over these are the turbidites from Itu, associated with the glacier retreat. The outcrops of Porto Feliz are at the top of this succession, with deposits generated by flows with lateral and vertical variations, sometimes with prevalence of tractive conditions, and sometimes with sediments transported largely by suspension. Paleocurrent measurements show main flow directions towards NW, the same as glacial striae, suggesting the influence of reworking of sediments by the meltwater during deglacial periods

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Os herbicidas a base de glifosato, como a formulação comercial Roundup®, tem sido amplamente utilizado para o controle de ervas daninhas na agricultura brasileira. O uso desses herbicidas podem resultar no rompimento do equilíbrio ecológico, podendo causar danos a organismos não- alvo, como os peixes. Para testar se o glifosato altera comportamento de peixes, utilizamos o Geophagus brasiliensis, nativo de várias regiões do Brasil, espécie territorialista e que se utiliza de confrontos agonísticos para estabelecer hierarquia de dominância. Neste estudo, encontramos o valor da concentração letal capaz de promover a morte de 50% da população em 96 horas (CL₅₀,₉₆h= 1,8 mgL⁻1). No entanto, nos testes de interações agonísticas foi utilizado uma dosagem subletal de 0,72 mgL⁻1, afim de avaliar possíveis alterações na agressividade de Geophagus brasiliensis. Testamos o efeito de glifosato em um grupo experimental, e um grupo controle com peixes que não foram expostos ao herbicida glifosato. Um etograma foi elaborado para quantificar as interações agonísticas. Ao comparar os dois tratamentos, foi possível observar um aumento no número de interações agonísticas no grupo exposto ao glifosato em relação ao grupo controle. No pareamento entre peixes tratados versus peixes não tratados, a média de interações foi maior para o peixe não tratado (controle) e a latência para os confrontos desse grupo foi menor, indicando que a exposição ao herbicida Roundup®promove, possivelmente, alterações físicas e/ou químicas nos animais e esses sinalizam de alguma forma para o seu oponente

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Proteínas que apresentam atividades no núcleo e possuem sequência de localização nuclear (NLS) tem seu deslocamento dependente do heterodímero importina-α/β. A importina- (ImpA) é responsável pelo reconhecimento inicial do substrato a ser importado através da interação com os NLS. Os sinais são caracterizados por apresentar um ou mais grupos de aminoácidos básicos, denominados como sequências monopartidas e bipartidas. O fungo Neurospora crassa vem sendo utilizado há mais de 70 anos como organismo modelo em estudos de expressão gênica, desenvolvimento e diferenciação celular, ritmo circadiano, defesa do genoma, bem como outros aspectos da biologia de eucariotos. A presença de um grande número de genes no genoma de N. crassa ainda com funções desconhecidas aponta este organismo como um promissor modelo para o estudo de novos mecanismos genéticos e bioquímicos ainda não identificados. Considerando a importância do metabolismo do glicogênio para os organismos, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo estrutural de complexos de ImpA com peptídeos NLSs (NCM e NCB) de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de glicogênio do fungo N. crassa, utilizando técnicas de cristalografia de proteínas. Monocristais dos complexos ImpA-NCM e ImpA-NCB foram obtidos para a coleta dos dados de difração de raios-X, resultando em dois conjuntos de dados à 2,1Å e 2,45Å de resolução, respectivamente. Após elucidação da estrutura da ImpA, mapas de densidade eletrônica gerados revelaram uma densidade eletrônica no sítio principal de reconhecimento de NLS da ImpA de ambas estruturas, possibilitando modelagem dos peptídeos. Em uma comparação do mapa de densidade eletrônica obtido de ambos complexos com um mapa de uma estrutura nativa de ImpA (70-529) coletada à 2,0Å de resolução, a qual usualmente apresenta um peptídeo “contaminante” no sitio de ligação... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Currently zoos and management centers are valuable tools in the maintenance and study of various species. Studies of behavior of captive animals contribute to the improvement of management techniques and the well - being of themselves, encouraging captive breeding and reintroduction also to the natural environment . One of the ways to increase the levels of well-being is the use of environmental enrichment techniques that provide necessary incentives for the welfare of both physical and psychological captive animal . The aim of this study was to identify the types, frequencies and intensities of behavior displayed by three individuals of the species Galictis cuja, belonging to the family Mustelidae and popularly known as lesser grisson , which are captives in municipal zoo in Piracicaba , SP . In addition to evaluating the influence of environmental enrichment techniques on these behavioral parameters. The animals had their behaviors recorded in ethograms through the focal sampling method , 40 hours per person , totaling 120 hours of observation . Were introduced four environmental enrichment techniques related to physical environment, nutrition , perception and cognitive stimulation . At the end, the results of observations before and after the introduction of enrichment techniques were compared and it was possible to observe significant changes in behavior such as run , walk and scratching . The animals were more active and spent longer visible during the day, the enrichment also increased the frequency of social behaviors and the end of the work occurred even attempted copulation , thus showing that the enrichment exerted a positive influence on the behavioral patterns of lesser grisson (Galictis cuja)

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Six species of the genus Callithrix can be found across the Atlantic Forest extension, being the Callithrix geoffroyi, Geoffroy`s marmoset, the least studied species. The objective of this study is to investigate the behavioral aspects of the species in captivity, and how the environmental enrichment techniques influence those behaviors. To this end, we have studied three specimens of C. geoffroyi, in captivity at Municipal Zoo of Piracicaba, São Paulo. The enclosure includes a 37m2 with under masonry, concrete platforms with external deep, trunks, a floor of grass and soil, e grid in their other three sides. The sampling method was focal per time interval, with records every 30 seconds in sessions of 30 minutes, totaling 30 hours for each animal, which were distributed in a baseline phase, an environmental enrichment phase and post-enrichment phase (n = 3660 records in each phase). The twelve enrichment techniques were applied: the physical environment (branches for perches and hoses fabrics for bedding and vanishing points), cognitive (radio, mirror, puzzle food) and food (insects, flowers and eggs hidden, wrapped). Initially, to determine the period of greatest activity of marmosets, we investigated the pattern of activity for three days (9:00 am to 17:00 pm) consecutively at intervals of 15 minutes, recording the number of active and inactive individuals. The 495 records signaled greater activity in the morning, then selected period for the completion of this work. The ethogram comprised 16 behaviors. The inactivity was the predominant phase behavior baseline and post-enrichment with a significant decrease (h=8,62, p <0.01) in the enrichment phase, and a significant increase in the post enrichment (h=18,15, p <0.001). The same was seen for the use of substrate (grid and ground vs. Trunk and concrete, h=5,09, p <0.001 and h=3,98, p <0.05)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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In the present work we performed molecular cytogenetic studies in two different populations of Astyanax bockmanni from streams of Botucatu, SP: one from Capivara river, on Tietê river basin and one from Água da Madalena river, on Paranapanema river basin. The results showed that the population of Astyanax bockmanni from Capivara river have a diploid number of 50 chromosomes, with karyotype consisting of 8 methacentric, 14 submethacentric, 12 subtelocentric and 16 acrocentric, while the individuals of the population from Água da Madalena river have 50 diploid chromosomes but with karyotype organized in 8 metacentric, 14 submetacentric, 16 subtelocentric and 12 acrocentric. Also, the rDNA 18s sequences are widely dispersed throughout the genome of two populations, with intra and interindividual variations. On the other hand, the sequences for rDNA 5S and Histone H1 remained chromosomally conserved in these two samples and sites located in pairs 2 and 19 (rDNA 5S) and the pairs 2 and 15 (Histone H1). The low dispersion of structural genes and a functional dynamic independence between sequences of rDNA 5S and rDNA 18S may be related to the process of karyotype maintenance and differentiation in these populations of Astyanax bockmanni