Suporte a consultas no ambiente temporal de versões

O Modelo Temporal de Versões (TVM Vesions Model) foi proposto com base na união de um modelo de versões com informações temporais. Esse modelo permite o armazenamento de alternativas de projeto, o armazenamento da história dos dados em evolução, bem cmoo a reconstrução do estado da base em qualquer data passada, sem o uso de operações complexas de backup e recovery. Para realizar consultas nesse modelo foi definida uma linguagem de consulta, a TVQL (Temporal Versioned Query Language). Além das consultas básicas realizadas pela linguagem padrão AQL, a TVQL permite novas consultas que retornam valores específicos das características de tempo e versões, estabelecendo um comportamento o mais homogêneo possível para elementos normais e temporais vesionados. O objetivo principal deste trabalho e possibilitar a realização de consultas TVQL em um banco de dados convencional. Nesse contexto, o mapeamento da TVQL é implementando através da tradução de todas as propriedades e funções definidas na TVQL para SQL. Para que isso seja possível é necessário queos dados também estejam nesse banco de dados. Então, faz-se necessário o mapeamento das classes da hierarquia do TVM, bem como das classes da aplciação, para o banco de dados. Adicionalmente, é implementado um protótipo de uma interface de consultas realizadas em TVQL, para testar o funcionamento tanto da TVL como do seu mapeamento.

Inflation and debt indexation : the equivalence of two alternative schemes for the case of periodic payments

The presence of inflation has induced the financial institutions to implement procedures devised to protect the real values of theirs loans. Two of such procedurcs, the floaaing rale scheme and the monetary correction mechanism, tend to lead to very different streams of payments. However, whenever the floating rate scheme follows the rule of Strict adhercnce to lhe Fisher equation, lhe two procedures are financially equivalent.

Semântica formal para TVQL

Modelos de bancos de dados têm sido progressivamente estendidos a fim de melhor capturar necessidades específicas de aplicações. Bancos de dados versionados, por exemplo, provêm suporte a versões alternativas de objetos. Bancos de dados temporais, por sua vez, permitem armazenar todos os estados de uma aplicação, registrando sua evolução com o passar do tempo. Tais extensões sobre os modelos de dados se refletem nas respectivas linguagens de consulta, normalmente sob a forma de extensões a linguagens conhecidas, tais como SQL ou OQL. O modelo de banco de dados TVM (Temporal Versions Model ), definido sobre o modelo de banco de dados orientado a objetos, suporta simultaneamente versões alternativas e o registro de alterações de objetos ao longo do tempo. A linguagem de consulta TVQL (Temporal Versioned Query Language), definida a partir da linguagem de consulta SQL, permite recuperar informações do modelo de dados TVM. As construções introduzidas em TVQL têm como objetivo tornar simples a consulta do banco de dados em diversos pontos da linha temporal. Apesar das vantagens da utilização da linguagem TVQL para resgatar dados temporais do modelo TVM, existem algumas limitações importantes para seu aprimoramento. Uma delas é a alta complexidade do modelo TVM, proveniente da integração de conceitos variados como estados alternativos e rótulos temporais. Outro ponto é que, até o presente momento, não existe um interpretador para TVQL, impedindo uma experiência prática de programação de consultas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma especificação formal para a linguagem TVQL, tornando possível um estudo consistente de suas construções. Adicionalmente, uma especificação formal serve como documentação para futuras implementações de interpretadores. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um protótipo de avaliador de consultas e verificador de tipos para um núcleo funcional da linguagem TVQL, possibilitando também uma experimentação prática sobre os modelos propostos.

Does liquidity constraints matter for Ricardian equivalence?

The paper analysis a general equilibrium model with two periods, several households and a government that has to finance some expenditures in the first period. Households may have some private information either about their type (adverse selection) or about some action levei chosen in the first period that affects the probability of certain states of nature in the second period (moral hazard). Trade of financiai assets are intermediated by a finite collection of banks. Banks objective functions are determined in equilibrium by shareholders. Due to private information it may be optimal for the banks to introduce constraints in the set of available portfolios for each household as wellas household specific asset prices. In particular, households may face distinct interest rates for holding the risk-free asset. The government finances its expenditures either by taxing households in the first period or by issuing bonds in the first period and taxing households in the second period. Taxes may be state-dependent. Suppose government policies are neutml: i) government policies do not affect the distribution of wealth across households; and ii) if the government decides to tax a household in the second period there is a portfolio available for the banks that generates the Mme payoff in each state of nature as the household taxes. Tben, Ricardian equivalence holds if and only if an appropriate boundary condition is satisfied. Moreover, at every free-entry equilibrium the boundary condition is satisfied and thus Ricardian equivalence holds. These results do not require any particular assumption on the banks' objective function. In particular, we do not assume banks to be risk neutral.

Topological K-equivalence of analytic function-germs

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Finiteness theorem for topological contact equivalence of map germs

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The equivalence principle revisited

A precise fomulation of the strong Equivalence Principle is essential to the understanding of the relationship between gravitation and quantum mechanics. The relevant aspects are reviewed in a context including General Relativity but allowing for the presence of torsion. For the sake of brevity, a concise statement is proposed for the Principle: An ideal observer immersed in a gravitational field can choose a reference frame in which gravitation goes unnoticed. This statement is given a clear mathematical meaning through an accurate discussion of its terms. It holds for ideal observers (time-like smooth non-intersecting curves), but not for real, spatially extended observers. Analogous results hold for gauge fields. The difference between gravitation and the other fundamental interactions comes from their distinct roles in the equation of force.

Equivalence of many-photon Green's functions in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau and Klein-Gordon-Fock statistical quantum field theories

Using the functional integral formalism for the statistical generating functional in the statistical (finite temperature) quantum field theory, we prove the equivalence of many-photon Greens functions in the Duffin-Kennner-Petiau and Klein-Gordon-Fock statistical quantum field theories. As an illustration, we calculate the one-loop polarization operators in both theories and demonstrate their coincidence.

One-loop n-point equivalence among negative-dimensional, Mellin-Barnes and Feynman parametrization approaches to Feynman integrals

We show that at one-loop order, negative-dimensional, Mellin-Barnes (MB) and Feynman parametrization (FP) approaches to Feynman loop integral calculations are equivalent. Starting with a generating functional, for two and then for n-point scalar integrals, we show how to reobtain MB results, using negative-dimensional and FP techniques. The n-point result is valid for different masses, arbitrary exponents of propagators and dimension.

Noether and topological currents equivalence and soliton/particle correspondence in affine sl(2)((1)) Toda theory coupled to matter

A submodel of the so-called conformal affine Toda model coupled to the matter field (CATM) is defined such that its real Lagrangian has a positive-definite kinetic term for the Toda field and a usual kinetic term for the (Dirac) spinor field. After spontaneously broken the conformal symmetry by means of BRST analysis, we end up with an effective theory, the off-critical affine Toda model coupled to the matter (ATM). It is shown that the ATM model inherits the remarkable properties of the general CATM model such as the soliton solutions, the particle/soliton correspondence and the equivalence between the Noether and topological currents. The classical solitonic spectrum of the ATM model is also discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Tree-level violation of the equivalence principle

Massive particles of spin 0 and 1 violate the equivalence principle (EP) at the tree level. on the other hand, if these particles are massless, they agree with the EP, which leads us to conjecture that from a semiclassical viewpoint massless particles, no matter what their spin, obey the EP. General relativity predicts a deflection angle of 2.63' for a nonrelativistic spinless massive boson passing close to the Sun, while for a massive vectorial boson of spin 1 the corresponding deflection is 2.62'.

Is the equivalence for the response of static scalar sources in the Schwarzschild and Rindler spacetimes valid only in four dimensions?

It was shown recently that in four dimensions scalar sources with fixed proper acceleration minimally coupled to a massless Klein-Gordon field lead to the same responses when they are (i) uniformly accelerated in Minkowski spacetime (in the inertial vacuum) and (ii) static in the Schwarzschild spacetime (in the Unruh vacuum). Here we show that this equivalence is broken if the spacetime dimension is more than four.

Gravitation without the equivalence principle

In the general relativistic description of gravitation, geometry replaces the concept of force. This is possible because of the universal character of free fall, and would break down in its absence. on the other hand, the teleparallel version of general relativity is a gauge theory for the translation group and, as such, describes the gravitational interaction by a force similar to the Lorentz force of electromagnetism, a non-universal interaction. Relying on this analogy it is shown that, although the geometric description of general relativity necessarily requires the existence of the equivalence principle, the teleparallel gauge approach remains a consistent theory for gravitation in its absence.

Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau and Klein-Cordon-Fock equations for electromagnetic, Yang-Mills and external gravitational field interactions: proof of equivalence

Starting from the Generating functional for the Green Function (GF), constructed from the Lagrangian action in the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) theory (L-approach) we strictly prove that the physical matrix elements of the S-matrix in DKP and Klein-Gordon-Fock (KGF) theories coincide in cases of interacting spin O particles with external and quantized Maxwell and Yang-Mills fields and in case of external gravitational field (without or with torsion), For the proof we use the reduction formulas of Lehmann, Symanzik and Zimmermann (LSZ). We prove that many photons and Yang-Mills particles GF coincide in both theories too. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.