The survey of sexual maturity in Mugil cephalus so measuring sex hormones and histologic studies

In this study the process of female gray mullet brooders was carried out by using histological study and masurment of sex steroids. Results of histological studies showed that oocyte of gray mullet brooders in Gomishan Rearing Center conditions of develop to the end of yolk globule stage. The results were observed with oocyte in chromatin nucleolar stage (first stage) with means of diameter of 20 p m, in August, perinucleolar stage (second stage) in September with mean diameter of 87 p m, yolk vesicle stage (third stage) in October with mean diameter 200 p m and yolk granules stage (forth stage) from October to November with average diameter of 180 — 650 p m. For the reason of stopping oocyte develop at the end of fourth stage, hormonal induction to final oocyte maturation and ovulation was used. For this purpose, carp pituitary , HCG and LRH-A2 with different combinations were used in two stages, second injection was used 24 hours after first injection. 15 females brooders were divided in 5 groups, different hormonal combinations were injected to four groups and to fifth group as control, only saline, was injected. The process of female brooder rippening in hormonal induction was studied via masurment of sex steroids including 17 a - hydroxy progestrone, estradio1-17)6 and testosterone. Blood samples were collected from caudal vein during first injection, 24, 30 and 48 hours after the first injection. At the same time, for distinguishing histological changes the sample has been attained from the gonads Sex stroid fluctuation patterns in different brooder groups that injected hormon were similar, however hormonal composition had similar effects. All brooder that their oocyte in the beginning of hormonal injection were At the end of fourth stage with oocyte diameter average of 600 p m received to final maturation and ovulation. The brooder that its oocytes were At the begining or mid-fourth stage did not show ovulation but hormonal induction caused oocyte develop at the beginning of fifth stage. Study of 17-hydroxy progestrone fluctuation showed that the maximum level of this steroid (0.347 ng/ml) measured 30 hours after the first injection and was significantly higher (p< 0.05) than those of control group. So, 17-hydroxy progestrone is probably precursor of maturation inducing steroid (MIS). However the maximum level of that observed was coincident with germinal vesicle breakdown, oil droplets coalescence and dissolution of yolk granuls The maximum levels of esteradiol— 17/0 and testosterone (3.778 and 16.801ng/ml,respectively) in spawned brooders,were observed 24 hours after the first injection. levels of those steroids were significantly higher (p<0.05) than control group. Maximum level of sex steroids in the brooders that did not spawn to the end of treatment was observed with more delay than those in spawned brooders. Therefor maximum level of 17a-hydroxy progestrone (0.264 ng/ml) in those brooders observed in fourth sampling time and the maximum levels of estradio1-17a and testosterone (2.944 and 18.993 ng/ml, respectivly)observed in third sampling time that was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of control group. For the study of stress effect on brooders during the hormonal induction, level of cortisol was measured in every sampling time. level of cortisol had high fluctuation that showed handling level and stress effect on brooders. However maximum level of cortisol in majority of brooders was dominant in third sampling time that was coincident with final maturation.

Synchronization with partial state feedback on SO(n)

In this paper we consider the problem of constructing a distributed feedback law to achieve synchronization for a group of k agents whose states evolve on SO(n) and which exchange only partial state information along communication links. The partial state information is given by the action of the state on reference vectors in ℝn. We propose a gradient based control law which achieves exponential local convergence to a synchronization configuration under a rank condition on a generalized Laplacian matrix. Furthermore, we discuss the case of time-varying reference vectors and provide a convergence result for this case. The latter helps reach synchronization, requiring less communication links and weaker conditions on the instantaneous reference vectors. Our methods are illustrated on an attitude synchronization problem where agents exchange only their relative positions observed in the respective body frames. ©2009 IEEE.

SO(n)规范势的可分解理论

使用几何代数方法 ,研究了n维紧致黎曼流形上SO(n)规范势 (自旋联络 )的一般分解理论 ,建立了SO(n)规范场用球丛上单位矢量场n分解的一般表达式 .由此 ,分别得到了U(1 )规范场和U(2 )规范场用单位矢量场n分解的一般形式 .

Dinâmica espaço temporal do carbono aprisionado na fitomassa dos agroecossistemas do Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo.

2007

Aptidão agrícola das terras do nordeste do Estado de São Paulo.

Solos do nordeste do Estado de São Paulo; Sistema de Avaliação da Aptidão Agrícola das Terras; Mapeamento da Aptidão Agrícola das Terras do Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo.

Diagnóstico ambiental das fontes pontuais de poluição das águas nas bacias hidrográficas do norte de Minas e do submédio São Francisco.

O presente estudo é uma contribuição para o diagnóstico das fontes pontuais de poluição das águas em duas importantes bacias hidrográficas do Semi-Árido nordestino, quais sejam, as bacias hidrográficas do Norte de Minas e do Submédio São Francisco. Para esse diagnóstico, empregou-se um aplicativo especialmente desenvolvido (Diagnóstico de Potencial de Poluição das Águas), que consiste em um banco de dados interativo no qual os estabelecimentos potencialmente geradores de carga poluente são cadastrados, e os efluentes potenciais inseridos e expressos por Coeficientes de Carga Poluente Potencial. Este banco de dados permite o armazenamento e a atualização das informações, bem como a inclusão de estabelecimentos novos ou que tenham sido omitidos quando da realização do levantamento de campo a que se refere o presente estudo. Empregando-se os comandos de emissão de relatórios, obtém-se uma classificação das principais fontes pontuais de poluição das águas, contribuindo para a gestão ambiental dos recursos hídricos nas regiões estudadas. A principal vantagem comparativa do método apresentado neste trabalho é permitir, além do levantamento e qualificação das fontes de poluição, a quantificação do seu potencial de contaminação, de acordo com os efluentes gerados.