Elizabeth Krakauer nee Gottschalk seated in a Oberprima (high school) chemistry laboratory; Sophienschule; Hannover, Germany.

This picture was taken during her last year of high school. The chemistry teacher, Professor Schmigielski was one of Elizabeth's favorite teachers.

Portrait of Elizabeth Krakauer nee Gottschalk with pigtails; Hannover, Germany.

This portrait shows Elizabeth with pig tails. In a defiant mood, she cut them off.

Walter, Freddy, Kurt and Elizabeth Gottschalk with their mother Therese Gottschalk nee Molling, and the maid on an easter egg hunt; Hannover, Germany.

From left to right: Walter Gottschalk, Therese Gottschalk nee Molling, Freddy Gottschalk, the maid, Kurt Gottschalk, and Elizabeth Gottschalk

Outdoor family portrait after the memorial services for Therese Godshaw nee Molling at Hal Godshaws house; Argonne Drive, Kenmore, New York.

Front row from left to right: Robert Godshaw, Wendy Godshaw, Rosel Pick (Anne Godshaw's mother), Debbie Godshaw born Mariner, Hal Godshaaw, Francis Schlosstein; 2nd row from left to right: David Dysert, Mickey Sloan born McMath, Edith Godshaw nee Osterer, baby (probably Gary Godshaw), Anne Godshaw born Pick, Julius Pick (Anne's father), Ursula Schlosstein born Gottschalk, Elizabeth Krakauer nee Gottschalk, Michael Godshaw; back row from left to right: Charlie Sloan, Gerald Godshaw (partially hidden), unknown, Kurt Godshaw, John Krakauer, Donald Godshaw, Tom Krakauer, Ralph Schlosstein, John Schlosstein.

"Klo-Ku-Ba", Hans and Elizabeth Krakauer's first apartment in the basement of the Jewish Hospital; Hannover, Germany.

"Klo-Ku-Ba" the first apartment of Hans and Elizabeth in the basement of the Jewish Hospital in Hannover, Germany. The one room served as kitchen, bedroom, and bathroom which was shared by the other residents on the medical staff. Klo-Ku-Ba: Klosett, Kueche, Bad

Portrait of Elizabeth Krakauer nee Gottschalk with pigtails; Hannover, Germany.

This portrait shows Elizabeth with pig tails. In a defiant mood, she cut them off.

Portrait of the six Gottschalk children Walter, Ursula, Freddy, Hal, Elizabeth and Kurt in garden; Hannover, Germany. Portraits Children

Front row from left to right: Walter, Ursula, and Freddy; back row from left to right: Hal, Elizabeth, and Kurt Godshaw; picture was probably taken in their backyard on Seelhorststrasse in Hannover, Germany

Therese Godshaw (Gottschalk) nee Molling reading with her daughter Elizabeth; Hannover, Germany.

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Therese Godshaw (Gottschalk) nee Molling walking with Elizabeth Krakauer nee Gottschalk; Prescott, Arizona Portraits Family

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Elizabeth Gottschalk with unidentified classmates on a field trip from Sophienschule; Hannover, Germany. Institutions; Educational; Schools; Portraits; Groups

Elizabeth Gottschalk is probably the student far left on the horse wagon

The six Gottschalk children Ursula, Elizabeth, Hal, Kurt, Freddy and Walter seated in a Strandkorb (roofed wicker beach chair); Nordeney, Germany. Portraits Children

Front row Walter (left) and Freddy; middle row Kurt (left) and Hal; back row Ursula (left) and Elizabeth

Elizabeth Gottschalk hiking in the Alps with an unidentified guide.

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Three generations of Therese Gottschalk nee Molling, her daughter Elizabeth Gottschalk and Grandmother Henny Molling; Hannover, Germany.

From left to right: Therese Gottschalk nee Molling, Elizabeth Gottschalk, Henny Molling

Members of the Godshaw (Gottschalk) family, Anne, Donald, Molly, Freddy, Jan and Hal; Hannover, Germany. Portraits Family

The family was in Hannover, Germany, for the dedication of the memorial to the Holocaust, the Mahnmal am Opernplatz; from left to right: Anne Godshaw nee Pick, Donald Godshaw, Molly Godshaw nee Peck, Freddy Godshaw, Jan Godshaw nee McKay, and Hal (Hans Ludwig Gottschalk) Godshaw.

Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution

Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10−9 to P = 1.8 × 10−40) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10−3 to P = 1.2 × 10−13). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.