Desempenho de uma lagoa de infiltração na absorção de cheias e na recarga de aquífero

A type of macro drainage solution widely used in urban areas with predomi-nance of closed catchments (basins without outlet) is the implementation of detention and infiltration reservoirs (DIR). This type of solution has the main function of storing surface runoff and to promote soil infiltration and, consequently, aquifer recharge. The practice is to avoid floods in the drainage basin low-lying areas. The catchment waterproofing reduces the distributed groundwater recharge in urban areas, as is the case of Natal city, RN. However, the advantage of DIR is to concentrate the runoff and to promote aquifer recharge to an amount that can surpass the distributed natu-ral recharge. In this paper, we proposed studying a small urban drainage catchment, named Experimental Mirassol Watershed (EMW) in Natal, RN, whose outlet is a DIR. The rainfall-runoff transformation processes, water accumulation in DIR and the pro-cess of infiltration and percolation in the soil profile until the free aquifer were mod-eled and, from rainfall event observations, water levels in DIR and free aquifer water level measurements, and also, parameter values determination, it is was enabled to calibrate and modeling these combined processes. The mathematical modeling was carried out from two numerical models. We used the rainfall-runoff model developed by RIGHETTO (2014), and besides, we developed a one-dimensional model to simu-late the soil infiltration, percolation, redistribution soil water and groundwater in a combined system to the reservoir water balance. Continuous simulation was run over a period of eighteen months in time intervals of one minute. The drainage basin was discretized in blocks units as well as street reaches and the soil profile in vertical cells of 2 cm deep to a total depth of 30 m. The generated hydrographs were transformed into inlet volumes to the DIR and then, it was carried out water balance in these time intervals, considering infiltration and percolation of water in the soil profile. As a re-sult, we get to evaluate the storage water process in DIR as well as the infiltration of water, redistribution into the soil and the groundwater aquifer recharge, in continuous temporal simulation. We found that the DIR has good performance to storage excess water drainage and to contribute to the local aquifer recharge process (Aquifer Dunas / Barreiras).

Medium change monitoring using ambient seismic noise and coda wave interferometry: examples from intraplate NE Brazil and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

This thesis presents and discusses the results of ambient seismic noise correlation for two different environments: intraplate and Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The coda wave interferometry method has also been tested for the intraplate data. Ambient noise correlation is a method that allows to retrieve the structural response between two receivers from ambient noise records, as if one of the station was a virtual source. It has been largely used in seismology to image the subsurface and to monitor structural changes associated mostly with volcanic eruptions and large earthquakes. In the intraplate study, we were able to detect localized structural changes related to a small earthquake swarm, which main event is mR 3.7, North-East of Brazil. We also showed that the 1-bit normalization and spectral whitening result on the loss of waveform details and that the phase auto-correlation, which is amplitude unbiased, seems to be more sensitive and robust for our analysis of a small earthquake swarm. The analysis of 6 months of data using cross-correlations detect clear medium changes soon after the main event while the auto-correlations detect changes essentially after 1 month. It could be explained by fluid pressure redistribution which can be initiated by hydromechanical changes and opened path ways to shallower depth levels due to later occurring earthquakes. In the Mid-Atlantic Ridge study, we investigate structural changes associated with a mb 4.9 earthquake in the region of the Saint Paul transform fault. The data have been recorded by a single broadband seismic station located at less than 200 km from the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The results of the phase auto-correlation for a 5-month period, show a strong co-seismic medium change followed by a relatively fast post-seismic recovery. This medium change is likely related to the damages caused by the earthquake’s ground shaking. The healing process (filling of the new cracks) that lasted 60 days can be decomposed in two phases, a fast recovery (70% in ~30 days) in the early post-seismic stage and a relatively slow recovery later (30% in ~30 days). In the coda wave interferometry study, we monitor temporal changes of the subsurface caused by the small intraplate earthquake swarm mentioned previously. The method was first validated with synthetics data. We were able to detect a change of 2.5% in the source position and a 15% decrease of the scatterers’ amount. Then, from the real data, we observed a rapid decorrelation of the seismic coda after the mR 3.7 seismic event. This indicates a rapid change of the subsurface in the fault’s region induced by the earthquake.

Medium change monitoring using ambient seismic noise and coda wave interferometry: examples from intraplate NE Brazil and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

This thesis presents and discusses the results of ambient seismic noise correlation for two different environments: intraplate and Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The coda wave interferometry method has also been tested for the intraplate data. Ambient noise correlation is a method that allows to retrieve the structural response between two receivers from ambient noise records, as if one of the station was a virtual source. It has been largely used in seismology to image the subsurface and to monitor structural changes associated mostly with volcanic eruptions and large earthquakes. In the intraplate study, we were able to detect localized structural changes related to a small earthquake swarm, which main event is mR 3.7, North-East of Brazil. We also showed that the 1-bit normalization and spectral whitening result on the loss of waveform details and that the phase auto-correlation, which is amplitude unbiased, seems to be more sensitive and robust for our analysis of a small earthquake swarm. The analysis of 6 months of data using cross-correlations detect clear medium changes soon after the main event while the auto-correlations detect changes essentially after 1 month. It could be explained by fluid pressure redistribution which can be initiated by hydromechanical changes and opened path ways to shallower depth levels due to later occurring earthquakes. In the Mid-Atlantic Ridge study, we investigate structural changes associated with a mb 4.9 earthquake in the region of the Saint Paul transform fault. The data have been recorded by a single broadband seismic station located at less than 200 km from the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The results of the phase auto-correlation for a 5-month period, show a strong co-seismic medium change followed by a relatively fast post-seismic recovery. This medium change is likely related to the damages caused by the earthquake’s ground shaking. The healing process (filling of the new cracks) that lasted 60 days can be decomposed in two phases, a fast recovery (70% in ~30 days) in the early post-seismic stage and a relatively slow recovery later (30% in ~30 days). In the coda wave interferometry study, we monitor temporal changes of the subsurface caused by the small intraplate earthquake swarm mentioned previously. The method was first validated with synthetics data. We were able to detect a change of 2.5% in the source position and a 15% decrease of the scatterers’ amount. Then, from the real data, we observed a rapid decorrelation of the seismic coda after the mR 3.7 seismic event. This indicates a rapid change of the subsurface in the fault’s region induced by the earthquake.

O Rio Grande do Sul no federalismo brasileiro: a autonomia dos governos municipais gaúchos

Este estudo busca verificar autonomia dos municípios gaúchos, abalizado na teoria do federalismo fiscal brasileiro, dirimindo a equidade e eficiência do Sistema Federal de Redistribuição de Recursos entes subnacionais pelo período de 1995 a 2013. Tal conjuntura foi balizada com referenciais teóricos atuais e metodologia de estimação do índice de autonomia fiscal, com dados coletados na base de dados Finanças do Brasil, da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional. Estes dados foram transformados em índices de autonomia fiscal no contexto do federalismo fiscal brasileiro. Como resultado observou-se que houve reflexo das mudanças na legislação quanto à contabilidade governamental e que o os municípios de maior população é que apresentam maior autonomia quanto aos recursos próprios.

Europe's need for a new global strategy

No decurso de 2013 Estados-membros, analistas e decisores consideraram que o Conselho Europeu de dezembro passado deveria apelar à reflexão conjunta sobre a avaliação do ambiente global e o impacto dos desafios futuros reclamando a formulação de uma nova estratégia global. A redistribuição do poder global com o desvio dos EUA para a Ásia, o falhanço das intervenções no grande Médio Oriente e a crise financeira levaram a uma retração da Europa. Do mesmo modo, a vizinhança próxima da UE empobrecida e instável perdeu capacidade para lidar com a reemergência do mundo Vestefaliano. O recurso ao soft power e à ajuda financeira afiguram-se como pouco eficazes perante parceiros internacionais não socializados com práticas de responsabilidade cosmopolita. No entanto, a propensão da UE para o consenso, compromisso e capacidade para definir a agenda internacional poderá adequar-se bem à transição do mundo hegemónico a uma nova distribuição de poderes, valores e interesses. Isto implicará uma nova forma de pensar estrategicamente o mundo, uma nova forma de projetar valores e repensar o papel das forças armadas.

Caracterização clínica, metabólica e hormonal de portadores de lipodistrofia parcial familiar

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2015.

MOBILIDADE E METROPOLIZAÇÃO: O CASO DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE FORTALEZA

O artigo pretende refletir sobre o papel da mobilidade na dinâmica socioespacial da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza- RMF e a conseqüente ocupação da periferia decorrente da redistribuição da população e das atividades no espaço. Analisar-se-á a urbanização na RMF na perspectiva da sua posição na divisão social do trabalho, a luz do contexto brasileiro e mundial, contemporâneo. Utiliza-se dados do Censo 2000, complementados por pesquisa empírica. Como ponto de partida, tentou-se mostrar o papel da mobilidade urbana na redistribuição da população e das atividades na RMF, tendo em vista dois aspectos relevantes: o crescimento demográfico dos municípios da RMF e o papel de cada município. Como ponto de chegada, mostrou-se que a mobilidade por sua natureza e alcance na RMF, além de ser fator de redistribuição da população e das atividades contribui para a segregação e fragmentação do espaço metropolitano.

TERRITÓRIO USADO E PACTO FEDERATIVO NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO INTERGOVERNAMENTAL DE RECURSOS TRIBUTÁRIOS

Este trabalho busca apresentar uma discussão acerca da constituição do território brasileiro a partir de sua estrutura estatal federativa e organização política. Para tanto, a idéia de território usado (SANTOS, 1994, 1996; SANTOS; SILVEIRA, 2001) se apresenta como instrumento analítico de suma relevância. Conforme Santos e Silveira (2001, p. 20) o “que interessa discutir é, então, o território usado, sinônimo de espaço geográfico. Essa categoria, território usado, aponta para necessidade de um esforço destinado a analisar sistematicamente a constituição do território. Como se trata de uma proposta totalmente empiricizável, segue-se daí o enriquecimento da teoria”. Entender o território usado implica entender que existe um conjunto de ações – ou seja, um evento – que dinamizam este território e que, quando dinamizado, este mesmo território retorna como um condicionante das ações sociais. Seguindo pelo mesmo partido de método proposto por Santos (1996), entendemos aqui território usado como conjunto indissociável de sistema de objetos (materialidades) e de sistemas de ações (eventos). A federação no Brasil pode ser tratada, teoricamente, como um evento, isto é, a instituição da federação foi um conjunto de acontecimentos que atingiram e transformaram o território e, a partir desse momento esse mesmo território se tornou uma norma para a vigência dessa federação. No país, os mecanismos de distribuição e de redistribuição de recursos entre os entes federados adquirem grande importância pelo fato de serem eles os elementos que permitem uma maior ou menor autonomia na administração pública. Parcelas do território recebem mais recursos do que outras proporcionando, assim, uma difusão seletiva do meio técnico-científico-informacional (SANTOS, 1996) pelo território.