Regulation of the polarization of T cells toward antigen-presenting cells by Ras-related GTPase CDC42.

The mechanisms by which cells rapidly polarize in the direction of external signals are not understood. Helper T cells, when contacted by an antigen-presenting cell, polarize their cytoskeletons toward the antigen-presenting cell within minutes. Here we show that, in T cells, the mammalian Ras-related GTPase CDC42 (the homologue of yeast CDC42, a protein involved in budding polarity) can regulate the polarization of both actin and microtubules toward antigen-presenting cells but is not involved in other T-cell signaling processes such as those which culminate in interleukin 2 production. Although T-cell polarization appears dispensable for signaling leading to interleukin 2 production, polarization may direct lymphokine secretion towards the correct antigen-presenting cell in a crowded cellular environment. Inhibitor experiments suggest that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is required for cytoskeletal polarization but that calcineurin activity, known to be important for other aspects of signaling, is not. Apparent conservation of CDC42 function between yeast and T cells suggests that this GTPase is a general regulator of cytoskeletal polarity in many cell types.

Anthony Carter, UM Football, vs Indiana, 1979, Carter (#1) celebrating winning touchdown as time ran out. Butch Woolfolk (#24)

[Carter (#1) celebrating winning touchdown as time ran out. Butch Woolfolk (#24)]

Kenopaniṣat ; Śrīmacchaṅkarācārya kṛtapadavākya bhāṣyābhyaṃ tathā Śrīraṅgarāmānuja kṛtaprakāśikayā ca sametā Śrīdharaśāstri Pāṭhaka ityetaiḥ svanirmitayā Bālabodhinyā samalaṃkṛtā.

Mode of access: Internet.

Akbar, mounted on Hawa’i, pursuing Ran Bagha across a bridge of boats over the River Jumna which collapses under the weight of the elephants, page 21, from the Akbarnama

1 ft. 63/64 in. x 7 7/8 in.; opaque watercolor and gold on paper

Sāranāthera itihāsa = A documentary history of Sarnath /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Zo ho Gagen shu ran /

Mode of access: Internet.

Sangiin yōran

Mode of access: Internet.

Chōsen kinseki sōran.

Cover title.

Shiseki shūran /

Vol. 33: Sōmoku kaidai, tsuketari shomoku sakuin.

Kōbun Gakuin shōtei yōran.

Cover title.

Hui tu xiang dang ran chuan qi.

At head of title: Tan youxia xian sheng pi dian

Kankoku tsūran.

Cover title.

Kinsei meika ibun shūran

Mounted cover title: Ibun shūran.

Hao ran tang shi ji : 6 juan /

Caption title.

Ran hou zhi zhai da wen : 20 juan.

Double leaves, oriental style, in case.