Assessment of problem solving in computing studies

The assessment of learning outcomes is a key concept in the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) since credits are awarded when the assessment shows the competences which were aimed at have been developed at an appropriate level. This paper describes a study which was first part of the Bologna Experts Team-Spain project and then developed as an independent study. It was carried out with the overall goal to gain experience in the assessment of learning outcomes. More specifically it aimed at 1) designing procedures for the assessment of learning outcomes related to these compulsory generic competences; 2) testing some basic psychometric features that an assessment device with some consequences for the subjects being evaluated needs to prove; 3) testing different procedures of standard setting, and 4) using assessment results as orienting feedback to students and their tutors. The process of development of tests to carry out the assessment of learning outcomes is described as well as some basic features regarding their reliability and validity. First conclusions on the comparison of the results achieved at two academic levels are also presented.

Assessment of learning outcomes in computing studies

The assessment of learning outcomes is a key concept in the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) since credits are awarded when the assessment shows the competences which were aimed at have been developed at an appropriate level. This paper describes a study which was first part of the project of the Bologna Experts Team-Spain and then developed as an independent study. It was carried out with the overall goal to gain experience in the assessment of learning outcomes. More specifically it aimed at 1) designing procedures for the assessment of learning outcomes related to these compulsory generic competences; 2) testing some basic psychometric features that an assessment device with some consequences for the subjects being evaluated needs to prove; 3) testing different procedures of standard setting, and 4) using assessment results as orienting feedback to students and their tutors. The process of development of tests to carry out the assessment of learning outcomes related to these competences, as well as some basic features regarding their reliability and validity is described and first results on the comparison of results achieved at two academic levels, will also be described at a later stage.

From Analysis Model to Software Architecture: a PIM2PIM Mapping.

To our knowledge, no current software development methodology explicitly describes how to transit from the analysis model to the software architecture of the application. This paper presents a method to derive the software architecture of a system from its analysis model. To do this, we are going to use MDA. Both the analysis model and the architectural model are PIMs described with UML 2. The model type mapping designed consists of several rules (expressed using OCL and natural language) that, when applied to the analysis artifacts, generate the software architecture of the application. Specifically the rules act on elements of the UML 2 metamodel (metamodel mapping). We have developed a tool (using Smalltalk) that permits the automatic application of these rules to an analysis model defined in RoseTM to generate the application architecture expressed in the architectural style C2.

UML 1.4 versus UML 2.0 as Languages to Describe Software Architectures.

ML 1.4 is widely accepted as the standard for representing the various software artifacts generated by a development process. For this reason, there have been attempts to use this language to represent the software architec- ture of systems as well. Unfortunately, these attempts have ended in representa- tions (boxes and lines) already criticized by the software architecture commu- nity. Recently, OMG has published a draft that will constitute the future UML 2.0 specification. In this paper we compare the capacities of UML 1.4 and UML 2.0 to describe software architectures. In particular, we study extensions of both UML versions to describe the static view of the C3 architectural style (a simplification of the C2 style). One of the results of this study is the difficulties found when using the UML 2.0 metamodel to describe the concept of connector in a software architecture.

A Coordinated Plan for Teaching Software Engineering in the University Rey Juan Carlos.

Un plan para organizar las enseñanzas de la ingeniería del software en las titulaciones de informática de la URJC. Nowadays both industry and academic environments are showing a lot of interest in the Software Engineering discipline. Therefore, it is a challenge for universities to provide students with appropriate training in this area, preparing them for their future professional practice. There are many difficulties to provide that training. The outstanding ones are: the Software Engineering area is too broad and class hours are scarce; the discipline requires a high level of abstraction; it is difficult to reproduce real world situations in the classroom to provide a practical learning environment; the number of students per professor is very high (at least in Spain); companies develop software with a maturity level rarely over level 2 of the CMM for Software (again, at least in Spain) as opposed to what is taught at the University. Besides, there are different levels and study plans, making more difficult to structure the contents to teach in each term and degree. In this paper we present a plan for teaching Software Engineering trying to overcome some of the difficulties above.

A taxonomy of the quality attributes for distributed applications

The software engineering community has paid little attention to non-functional requirements, or quality attributes, compared with studies performed on capture, analysis and validation of functional requirements. This circumstance becomes more intense in the case of distributed applications. In these applications we have to take into account, besides the quality attributes such as correctness, robustness, extendibility, reusability, compatibility, efficiency, portability and ease of use, others like reliability, scalability, transparency, security, interoperability, concurrency, etc. In this work we will show how these last attributes are related to different abstractions that coexist in the problem domain. To achieve this goal, we have established a taxonomy of quality attributes of distributed applications and have determined the set of necessary services to support such attributes.

Application of knowledge engineering acquisition techniques to requirements capture: a case study

In this paper we want to point out, by means of a case study, the importance of incorporating some knowledge engineering techniques to the processes of software engineering. Precisely, we are referring to the knowledge eduction techniques. We know the difficulty of requirements acquisition and its importance to minimise the risks of a software project, both in the development phase and in the maintenance phase. To capture the functional requirements use cases are generally used. However, as we will show in this paper, this technique is insufficient when the problem domain knowledge is only in the "experts? mind". In this situation, the combination of the use case with eduction techniques, in every development phase, will let us to discover the correct requirements.

Evaluación de competencias genéricas instrumentales en la asignatura de Sistemas Operativos I

Una de las directrices emanadas del proceso de convergencia hacia el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) hace referencia al desarrollo de competencias transversales (genéricas) de nuestros estudiantes. Nos estamos refiriendo a aquellas habilidades instrumentales, personales y sistémicas que van más allá de las específicas de cada materia. En 2005, un grupo de profesores de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) constituimos el Grupo de Innovación Educativa DMAE-DIA que fue reconocido como tal por la UPM en 2006. Las líneas de actuación prioritarias del grupo son la evaluación de competencias transversales y el desarrollo de metodologías de aprendizaje activo. Desde entonces y en colaboración con dos profesoras del Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid estamos realizando evaluaciones sobre la adquisición de algunas de las citadas competencias. En este trabajo presentamos el procedimiento, los resultados y un análisis de los mismos en relación con la evaluación de una competencia genérica instrumental: la capacidad de organización y planificación del estudio. Se considera el estudio como una conducta psicopedagógica compleja, en la que se delimitan 3 fases: antes, durante y después. En este trabajo se han evaluado estrategias durante el estudio. Los sujetos del estudio fueron los alumnos de la asignatura de Sistemas Operativos I, en el curso académico 2006/2007. Como quedará puesto de manifiesto, nuestros estudiantes están en un percentil muy bajo en relación con esta competencia lo que influye sobremanera sobre el rendimiento académico final. En este trabajo también describimos algunas acciones que pensamos ejecutar para intentar paliar este problema.

Cooperative Learning vs. Project Base Learning.

The Bologna Declaration and the implementation of the European Higher Education Area are promoting the use of active learning methodologies such as cooperative learning and project based learning. This study was motivated by the comparison of the results obtained after applying Cooperative Learning (CL) and Project Based Learning (PBL) to a subject of Computer Engineering. The fundamental hypothesis tested was whether the academic success achieved by the students of the first years was higher when CL was applied than in those cases to which PBL was applied. A practical case, by means of which the effectiveness of CL and PBL are compared, is presented in this work. This study has been carried out at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, where these mechanisms have been applied to the Operating Systems I subject from the Technical Engineering in Computer Systems degree (OSIS) and to the same subject from the Technical Engineering in Computer Management degree (OSIM). Both subjects have the same syllabus, are taught in the same year and semester and share also formative objectives. From this study we can conclude that students¿ academic performance (regarding the grades given) is greater with PBL than with CL. To be more specific, the difference is between 0.5 and 1 point for the individual tests. For the group tests, this difference is between 2.5 and 3 points. Therefore, this study refutes the fundamental hypothesis formulated at the beginning. Some of the possible interpretations of these results are referred to in this study.

Integración de competencias genéricas en los títulos de grado. Experiencia en la E.U. de Informática de la U.P.M.

Las directrices generadas a raíz del proceso de Bolonia inciden en la importancia de las competencias genéricas (transversales) que deben adquirir los estudiantes universitarios, tales como capacidad para resolver problemas, trabajo en equipo, comunicación oral y escrita, etc. Esta tendencia ha quedado reflejada en el marco normativo, como es el RD 1393/2007, los libros blancos de titulaciones o los propios planes de estudio desarrollados por las universidades. No obstante, los centros están encontrando dificultades significativas para poner en práctica esta faceta de la enseñanza. Durante el curso académico 2012-2013 la EU de Informática de la UPM ha comenzado un proyecto piloto que consiste en la implantación de estrategias formativas y evaluadoras para las competencias transversales. Este proyecto se basa en un modelo, previamente definido, que propone realizar una selección, ordenación y planificación en cuatrimestres de dichas competencias, así como la generación de material de soporte que facilite la implantación. Cada competencia es abordada desde tres perspectivas: formación, desarrollo y evaluación. En este trabajo exponemos tanto el modelo como la experiencia llevada a cabo en la EU de Informática de la UPM, así como la discusión de los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto piloto.

Infraestructura para la comunicación entre componentes Java en el estilo arquitectónico C2

En este trabajo se describe el diseñno y la implementación de una infraestructura para la comunicación entre componentes que sigan el estilo arquitectóonico C2 sobre una plataforma Java. Un requisito de esta infraestructura es que componentes y conectores se ejecuten cada uno en su propia máquina virtual (JVM) en el mismo nodo o en nodos diferentes. Se ha diseñado un conjunto de clases que proporcionan mecanismos para la comunicación entre componentes y conectores C2. Como parte del trabajo, se han evaluado las tecnologías disponibles para Java que permiten construir la infraestructura, habiéndose elegido la invocación remota a método (RMI) como la base para la comunicación entre los componentes del sistema

Teamwork, motivational profiles and academic performance in computer science engineering

The present work is aimed at discussing several issues related to the teamwork generic competence, motivational profiles and academic performance. In particular, we study the improvement of teamwork attitude, the predominant types of motivation in different contexts and some correlations among these three components of the learning process. The above-mentioned aspects are of great importance. Currently, the professional profile of engineers has a strong teamwork component and the motivational profile of students determines both their tendencies when they come to work as part of a team, as well as their performance at work. Taking these issues into consideration, we suggest four hypotheses: (H1) students improve their teamwork capacity through specific training and carrying out of a set of activities integrated into an active learning process; (H2) students with higher mastery motivation have a better attitude towards teamwork; (H3) students with different types of motivations reach different levels of academic performance; and (H4) students show different motivation profiles in different circumstances: type of courses, teaching methodologies, different times of the learning process. This study was carried out with Computer Science Engineering students from two Spanish universities. The first results point to an improvement in teamwork competence of students if they have previously received specific training in facets of that competence. Other results indicate that there is a correlation between the motivational profiles of students and their perception of teamwork competence. Finally, results point to a clear relationship between some kind of motivation and academic performance. In particular, four kinds of motivation are analyzed and students are classified into two groups according to them. After analyzing several marks obtained in compulsory courses, we perceive that those students that show higher motivation for avoiding failure obtain, in general, worse academic performance.

Notas de Población Vol. 43 N° 102

La edición núm. 102 de Notas de Población llega a los lectores con un diverso catálogo de temas de suma importancia en el campo de los estudios demográficos y de la población de América Latina y el Caribe. Estos temas, que se analizan a lo largo de los 12 artículos que conforman este volumen, abarcan resumidamente los censos y las proyecciones de población, el análisis de la fecundidad en relación con las características de las uniones, el derecho a la salud de las personas de edad, el envejecimiento demográfico en el Brasil, las formas de convivencia de los latinoamericanos en España, la migración uruguaya de retorno desde aquel país europeo, el proceso de urbanización en el Brasil, la segregación espacial en ciudades mineras de Chile, la movilidad laboral femenina en México, el impacto de la explotación minero-energética en Colombia, los rostros diversificados del envejecimiento en el Brasil y las interrelaciones entre escolaridad, estrato social y formación de la unión en México.

Tendencias y proyecciones de la población del área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá en Colombia, 2010-2030

Los cambios demográficos, económicos y sociales que ha sufrido el área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá en Colombia dan cuenta de una de las dinámicas poblacionales y territoriales más importantes registradas en el país. Con más de 3,5 millones de habitantes distribuidos en 10 municipios que incluyen a Medellín, la capital del departamento de Antioquia, las tendencias por grupos de edad y sexo también muestran notorias recuperaciones de la población respecto de los violentos tiempos del pasado, que dejaron elevadas tasas de mortalidad plasmadas en las pirámides poblacionales. En la actualidad, la dinámica del área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá revela una desaceleración de los procesos de concentración hacia Medellín y ha empezado a manifestar la consolidación de nuevos centros de agrupación poblacional en los municipios colindantes, con fenómenos de rururbanización que marcarán la tendencia en las siguientes dos décadas.

Valoración económica de la imagen de los destinos turísticos

Programa de doctorado: Economía: aplicaciones a las finanzas y seguros, a la economía sectorial, al medio ambiente y a las infraestructuras. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura