Processo de desenvolvimento e coordena����o de projetos na constru����o civil: um estudo multi-caso em empresas de Bel��m (PA)

Este trabalho faz uma reflex��o sobre a coordena����o de projetos na ind��stria da constru����o de edif��cios, identifica as etapas do processo de projeto, aponta a participa����o da equipe de projeto, durante as atividades de coordena����o, apresenta a atua����o do coordenador de projetos e sistematiza os procedimentos de controle e retroalimenta����o. Para desenvolver a pesquisa, foram realizados estudos bibliogr��ficos sobre a Gest��o e Coordena����o de Projetos, no desenvolvimento do processo de projeto na constru����o civil. Tamb��m foram feitos estudos de campo, envolvendo 10 empresas de constru����o civil na ��rea urbana da cidade de Bel��m-PA, com atua����o nos mercados de incorpora����o e/ou constru����o de obras privadas ou p��blicas, visando propor diretrizes da gest��o de projetos, integrada ao processo de desenvolvimento e coordena����o dos mesmos. Como resultado, vimos que 100% das empresas pesquisadas afirmou que o planejamento t��cnico do projeto �� dividido por etapas, conforme apresenta����o de fluxogramas distintos. 77,77% das empresas em quest��o respondeu que realiza a coordena����o de projetos atrav��s de reuni��es com as equipes respons��veis. Tamb��m 100% das empresas aponta como fun����es do coordenador de projetos a compatibiliza����o entre os projetos e a manuten����o do fluxo de informa����es entre os projetistas. Em 88,88% das empresas, foi poss��vel observar que a retroalimenta����o do projeto acontece atrav��s do controle por meio de check list e planilhas. Por fim, s��o desenvolvidas e apresentadas diretrizes para aplica����o da coordena����o de projeto, como forma de melhorar o desempenho do desenvolvimento do processo de projeto e a execu����o dos edif��cios, com a valoriza����o do projeto e conseq��ente economia de recursos, tempo e dinheiro, evitando erros, desperd��cio e trabalho nos empreendimentos.

Phox2b-expressing retrotrapezoid neurons and the integration of central and peripheral chemosensory control of breathing in conscious rats

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Prenatal zinc prevents communication impairments and BDNF disturbance in a rat model of autism induced by prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

An integrated approach of software development and test processes to distributed teams

The Distributed Software Development (DSD) is a development strategy that meets the globalization needs concerned with the increase productivity and cost reduction. However, the temporal distance, geographical dispersion and the socio-cultural differences, increased some challenges and, especially, added new requirements related with the communication, coordination and control of projects. Among these new demands there is the necessity of a software process that provides adequate support to the distributed software development. This paper presents an integrated approach of software development and test that considers distributed teams peculiarities. The approach purpose is to offer support to DSD, providing a better project visibility, improving the communication between the development and test teams, minimizing the ambiguity and difficulty to understand the artifacts and activities. This integrated approach was conceived based on four pillars: (i) to identify the DSD peculiarities concerned with development and test processes, (ii) to define the necessary elements to compose the integrated approach of development and test to support the distributed teams, (iii) to describe and specify the workflows, artifacts, and roles of the approach, and (iv) to represent appropriately the approach to enable the effective communication and understanding of it.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Network-on-Chip Communication Protocols and Architectures

The scale down of transistor technology allows microelectronics manufacturers such as Intel and IBM to build always more sophisticated systems on a single microchip. The classical interconnection solutions based on shared buses or direct connections between the modules of the chip are becoming obsolete as they struggle to sustain the increasing tight bandwidth and latency constraints that these systems demand. The most promising solution for the future chip interconnects are the Networks on Chip (NoC). NoCs are network composed by routers and channels used to inter- connect the different components installed on the single microchip. Examples of advanced processors based on NoC interconnects are the IBM Cell processor, composed by eight CPUs that is installed on the Sony Playstation III and the Intel Tera���ops pro ject composed by 80 independent (simple) microprocessors. On chip integration is becoming popular not only in the Chip Multi Processor (CMP) research area but also in the wider and more heterogeneous world of Systems on Chip (SoC). SoC comprehend all the electronic devices that surround us such as cell-phones, smart-phones, house embedded systems, automotive systems, set-top boxes etc... SoC manufacturers such as ST Microelectronics , Samsung, Philips and also Universities such as Bologna University, M.I.T., Berkeley and more are all proposing proprietary frameworks based on NoC interconnects. These frameworks help engineers in the switch of design methodology and speed up the development of new NoC-based systems on chip. In this Thesis we propose an introduction of CMP and SoC interconnection networks. Then focusing on SoC systems we propose: ��� a detailed analysis based on simulation of the Spidergon NoC, a ST Microelectronics solution for SoC interconnects. The Spidergon NoC differs from many classical solutions inherited from the parallel computing world. Here we propose a detailed analysis of this NoC topology and routing algorithms. Furthermore we propose aEqualized a new routing algorithm designed to optimize the use of the resources of the network while also increasing its performance; ��� a methodology ���ow based on modified publicly available tools that combined can be used to design, model and analyze any kind of System on Chip; ��� a detailed analysis of a ST Microelectronics-proprietary transport-level protocol that the author of this Thesis helped developing; ��� a simulation-based comprehensive comparison of different network interface designs proposed by the author and the researchers at AST lab, in order to integrate shared-memory and message-passing based components on a single System on Chip; ��� a powerful and flexible solution to address the time closure exception issue in the design of synchronous Networks on Chip. Our solution is based on relay stations repeaters and allows to reduce the power and area demands of NoC interconnects while also reducing its buffer needs; ��� a solution to simplify the design of the NoC by also increasing their performance and reducing their power and area consumption. We propose to replace complex and slow virtual channel-based routers with multiple and flexible small Multi Plane ones. This solution allows us to reduce the area and power dissipation of any NoC while also increasing its performance especially when the resources are reduced. This Thesis has been written in collaboration with the Advanced System Technology laboratory in Grenoble France, and the Computer Science Department at Columbia University in the city of New York.

The integration of curriculum and assessment in interpreter education

In dieser interdisziplin��ren, translationswissenschaftlichen Studie wird die Integration von Curriculum und Evaluierung in der Dolmetscherausbildung theoretisch fundiert und im Rahmen einer Fallstudie empirisch untersucht. Dolmetschkompetenz wird als ein durch zweckgerechte und messgenaue (valid and reliable) Bewertungsmethoden dokumentiertes Ergebnis der Curriculumanwendung betrachtet. Definitionen, Grundlagen, Ans��tze, Ausbildungs- und Lernziele werden anhand der Curriculumtheorie und Dolmetschwissenschaft beschrieben. Traditionelle und alternative Evaluierungsmethoden werden hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit in der Dolmetscherausbildung erprobt. In der Fallstudie werden die Pr��fungsergebnisse zweier Master-Studieng��nge-MA Konferenzdolmetschen und MA Dolmetschen und ��bersetzen-quantitativ analysiert. Die zur Dokumentation der Pr��fungsergebnisse eingesetzte Bewertungsmethodik wird qualitativ untersucht und zur quantitativen Analyse in Bezug gesetzt. Die Fallstudie besteht aus 1) einer chi-square-Analyse der Abschlusspr��fungsnoten getrennt nach Sprachkombination und Pr��fungskategorie (n=260), 2) einer Umfrage unter den Jurymitgliedern hinsichtlich der Evaluierungsans��tze, -verfahren, und -kriterien (n = 45; 62.22% R��cklaufrate); und 3) einer Analyse des ausgangssprachlichen Pr��fungsmaterials ebenfalls nach Sprachkombination und Pr��fungskategorie. Es wird nachgewiesen, dass Studierende im MA Dolmetschen und ��bersetzen tendenziell schlechtere Pr��fungsleistungen erbringen als Studierende im MA Konferenzdolmetschen. Die Analyseergebnisse werden jedoch als aussageschwach betrachtet aufgrund mangelnder Evaluierungsvalidit��t. Schritte zur Curriculum- und Evaluierungsoptimierung sowie ein effizienteres Curriculummodell werden aus den theoretischen Ans��tzen abgeleitet. Auf die Rolle der Ethik in der Evaluierungsmethodik wird hingewiesen.

On the Integration of Smalltalk and Java

After decades of development in programming languages and programming environments, Smalltalk is still one of few environments that provide advanced features and is still widely used in the industry. However, as Java became prevalent, the ability to call Java code from Smalltalk and vice versa becomes important. Traditional approaches to integrate the Java and Smalltalk languages are through low-level communication between separate Java and Smalltalk virtual machines. We are not aware of any attempt to execute and integrate the Java language directly in the Smalltalk environment. A direct integration allows for very tight and almost seamless integration of the languages and their objects within a single environment. Yet integration and language interoperability impose challenging issues related to method naming conventions, method overloading, exception handling and thread-locking mechanisms. In this paper we describe ways to overcome these challenges and to integrate Java into the Smalltalk environment. Using techniques described in this paper, the programmer can call Java code from Smalltalk using standard Smalltalk idioms while the semantics of each language remains preserved. We present STX:LIBJAVA - an implementation of Java virtual machine within Smalltalk/X - as a validation of our approach

Integration of external and internal dosimetry in Switzerland

Individual monitoring regulations in Switzerland are based on the ICRP60 recommendations. The annual limit of 20 mSv for the effective dose applies to the sum of external and internal radiation. External radiation is monitored monthly or quarterly with TLD, DIS or CR-39 dosemeters by 10 approved external dosimetry services and reported as H(p)(10) and H(p)(0.07). Internal monitoring is done in two steps. At the workplace, simple screening measurements are done frequently in order to recognise a possible incorporation. If a nuclide dependent activity threshold is exceeded then one of the seven approved dosimetry services for internal radiation does an incorporation measurement to assess the committed effective dose E(50). The dosimetry services report all the measured or assessed dose values to the employer and to the National Dose Registry. The employer records the annually accumulated dose values into the individual dose certificate of the occupationally exposed person, both the external dose H(p)(10) and the internal dose E(50) as well as the total effective dose E = H(p)(10)+E(50). Based on the national dose registry an annual report on the dosimetry in Switzerland is published which contains the statistics for the total effective dose, as well as separate statistics for external and internal exposure.

Identifying Potential Risks and Benefits of Using Cloud in Distributed Software Development.

Cloud-based infrastructure has been increasingly adopted by the industry in distributed software development (DSD) environments. Its proponents claim that its several benefits include reduced cost, increased speed and greater productivity in software development. Empirical evaluations, however, are in the nascent stage of examining both the benefits and the risks of cloud-based infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to identify potential benefits and risks of using cloud in a DSD project conducted by teams based in Helsinki and Madrid. A cross-case qualitative analysis is performed based on focus groups conducted at the Helsinki and Madrid sites. Participants observations are used to supplement the analysis. The results of the analysis indicated that the main benefits of using cloud are rapid development, continuous integration, cost savings, code sharing, and faster ramp-up. The key risks determined by the project are dependencies, unavailability of access to the cloud, code commitment and integration, technical debt, and additional support costs. The results revealed that if such environments are not planned and set up carefully, the benefits of using cloud in DSD projects might be overshadowed by the risks associated with it.

The role of rehabilitation of building in the urban integration, social cohesion and environmental responsibility

In the framework ofthe National Research Plan2008-2011, our research poses estrategy for the design and evaluation of plans and programmes of urban integrated regeneration. The objective is to develop a study on the role of rehabilitation of buildings in concepts like urban integration, social cohesion and environmental responsibility. The research proposes a methodological tool for evaluating urban regeneration processes from a holistic perspective that can serve as a guide for governments and technical teams to address intervention in consolidated urban areas with physical and socio-economic problems. The development of the tool has inevitably led to delve into different areas where you can intervene but has not lost sight of the complex interplay of factors involved in the process.It is an open source tool to visualize Urban Integrated Rehabilitation processes.

Modelo de integraci��n del conocimiento-acci��n a trav��s del Proyecto de Comunicaci��n para el Desarrollo: 25 a��os de experiencia en comunidades ind��genas andinas en Ecuador

El desarrollo como pol��tica de las naciones marca el per��odo de la postguerra, que en Am��rica Latina se concreta en m��ltiples programas de Desarrollo Rural. El modelo inicial de crecimiento econ��mico se va enriqueciendo con visiones centradas en el ser humano y sus m��ltiples concepciones de desarrollo. En este entender el desarrollo desde la diversidad cultural y antropol��gica de los pueblos de Am��rica Latina, surge la comunicaci��n radiof��nica como camino com��n para la persuasi��n, socializaci��n y apropiaci��n colectiva de conocimientos y ��mbito participativo para consensuar objetivos y acordar actividades. El activismo de los a��os setenta y ochenta produjo un n��mero considerable de experiencias. La mayor��a de ellas han llegado hasta nuestros d��as, pero el giro tomado por las sociedades digitalizadas y las prioridades medioambientales han dado un nuevo rostro a aquellas primeras experiencias centradas en el desarrollo rural end��geno. Este estudio investiga el complejo pr��ctico-te��rico que integra comunicaci��n y desarrollo en contextos territoriales interculturales con poblaci��n marginal y aplicaci��n de pol��ticas de desarrollo rural. En el cap��tulo I se recogen las modalidades de c��mo se ha aplicado la comunicaci��n en programas de desarrollo, para profundizar en el concepto de comunicaci��n para el desarrollo, conocer sus actores y resultados, y concluir que el desarrollo ���con rostro humano��� se hace con personas no con pol��ticas oficiales. El cap��tulo II presenta a los Pueblos Ind��genas de la Sierra Ecuatoriana como actores de su proceso de desarrollo hacia el Sumak Kawsay. Los temas tratados en este cap��tulo muestran los valores y capacidades de las comunidades ind��genas de la Sierra Ecuatoriana para la autogesti��n de su desarrollo, y deja constancia y denuncia de la lectura negativa que se ha venido haciendo de su cosmovisi��n. Se encuentra respuesta conceptual y metodol��gica en el Workng With People para optimizar aportes culturales de los Pueblos Ind��genas al proceso comunicacional y participativo para mejorar las condiciones de vida y lograr mayores espacios de autonom��a y libertad El conocimiento que explica la realidad sin cambiarla no tiene sentido para los pobres. La realidad requiere ser comprendida para construir el conocimiento que la explique y la cambie: ese es el aporte del modelo conocimiento/acci��n que se presenta en el cap��tulo III. En este cap��tulo se exponen metodolog��as abiertas a la creatividad y flexibles que responden a los principios del modelo conocimiento/acci��n. La comunicaci��n para el desarrollo se abre a todas ellas como ��gora pluricultural que requiere un lenguaje com��n que se construye desde el aprendizaje social. Los conceptos expuestos en el cap��tulo III se vinculan en una propuesta metodol��gica que integra el conocimiento y la acci��n con los principios del Working With People, propuesta que se expone en el cap��tulo IV. El modelo del Proyecto de Comunicaci��n para el Desarrollo junta en un modelo de comunicaci��n popular y pr��cticas liberadoras con m��todos cognitivos de la realidad para planificar el cambio desde la poblaci��n y con la poblaci��n. Finalmente, el cap��tulo V recoge la experiencia de la Casa Campesina Cayambe ejecutora del Proyecto de Comunicaci��n para el Desarrollo en la adaptaci��n ejecutada con Radio Mensaje. La riqueza de la experiencia tiende a escaparse de los l��mites conceptuales y los esquemas dejan espacios de vida ignotos; pero los conceptos y esquemas constituyen el camino para que la experiencia pase a ser objeto conocido y conocimiento socializado. El Proyecto de Comunicaci��n para el Desarrollo es resultado de un proceso de desarrollo construido desde la acci��n de la Casa Campesina Cayambe durante 25 a��os en Cayambe. En el cap��tulo V se describe el contexto del territorio de Cayambe, la identidad de la Casa Campesina Cayambe y de Radio Mensaje, y termina describiendo los logros de 25 a��os trabajando con la gente. El estudio concluye que la comunicaci��n participativa, como ��mbito de aprendizaje social aplicado en procesos de desarrollo rural, integra el conocimiento/acci��n e incorpora nuevos conocimientos en la poblaci��n con los que se desarrollan competencias locales para planificar el desarrollo end��geno con flexibilidad y de abajo-arriba. La Figura 0-1 grafica los elementos bases sobre los que se construye el proceso de desarrollo. ABSTRACT Development as a policy of nations marks the postwar period which created several Rural Development Programs in Latin America. The initial model of economic growth was enriched with approaches focused on human beings and their multiple conceptions of development. In this regard, the development from cultural and anthropological diversity in Latin America, radio communication emerges as a common means for persuasion, socialization and collective appropriation of knowledge and scope for participation in order to agree on objectives and activities. Activism of the seventies and eighties generated a considerable number of experiences, most of which are present today. However, a turn taken by digitalized societies and environmental priorities has given those first experiences which focused on endogenous rural development a new face. This study researches the theoretical-practical status that integrates communication and development in intercultural contexts with marginal population and the use of rural development policies. Chapter one shows the modalities of how communication in development programs have been applied to deepen the concept of communication for development, to know those who are involved and its findings, and conclude that development ���with a human face��� is done with people not with official policies. Chapter two presents Indigenous communities in the Ecuadorian highlands, as people involved in their development process towards Sumak Kawsay. The topics in this chapter show the values and capacities indigenous communities in the Ecuadorian highlands have to self-manage their development, and proves, as well as denounces, that their cosmovision has been negatively perceived. A conceptual and methodological response is found in Working With People in order to optimize cultural contributions of Indigenous People to the communicational and participative process to improve life conditions and have greater spaces of autonomy and freedom. Knowledge which explains reality without changing it does not make any sense for the poor. Reality need to be understood in order to build the knowledge that will explain it and change it: that is the contribution of the knowledge/action model presented in chapter three. This chapter presents open methodologies to creativity which are flexible to respond to the principles of the knowledge/action model. Communication for development is open to all of them as pluricultural agora which requires a common language that is built from social learning. The concepts presented in chapter three are linked in a methodological proposal which integrates knowledge and action with principles of Working With People, proposal which is presented chapter four. The model of the Communication for Development Project includes popular communication elements and liberating practices with cognitive methods of reality to plan change from the population and with the population. Finally, chapter five presents the experiences from the Cayambe Country House, which conducted the Communication for Development Project in the adaptation implemented with Radio Mensaje. The wealth of experience tends to scape from the conceptual limits and the schemes leave gaps of unexplored life; but the concepts and schemes constitute the way so that experience becomes a known object and socialized knowledge. The Communication for Development Project is the result of a development process built from the actions of the Cayambe Country House during 25 years in Cayambe. Chapter five describes the context of Cayambe, the identity of the Cayambe Country House and Radio Mensaje, and the achievements after 25 years of working with its people. The study concludes that participatory communication, as an area of social learning applied to rural development processes, integrates knowledge/action and incorporates new knowledge in communities to develop local competencies to plan endogenous development with flexibility and from the bottom ��� up.

Stable carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotope analysis of permafrost preserved human hair from rescue excavations (2009, 2010) at the precontact site of Nunalleq, Alaska

Acknowledgments This work was funded by an Arts and Humanities Research Council (AH/K006029/1) grant awarded to Rick Knecht, Kate Britton and Charlotta Hillerdal (Aberdeen); an AHRC-LabEx award (AH/N504543/1) to KB, RK, Keith Dobney (Liverpool) and Isabelle Sid��ra (Nanterre); the Carnegie Trust to the Universities of Scotland (travel grant to KB); and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. The onsite collection of samples was carried out by staff and students from the University of Aberdeen, volunteer excavators and the residents of Quinhagak. We had logistical and planning support for fieldwork by the Qanirtuuq Incorporated, Quinhagak, Alaska, and the people of Quinhagak, who we also thank for sampling permissions. Special thanks to Warren Jones and Qanirtuuq Incorporated (especially Michael Smith and Lynn Church), and to all Nunalleq project team members, in Aberdeen and at other institutions, particularly Charlotta Hillerdal and Edouard Masson-Maclean (Aberdeen) for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript, and also to V��ronique Forbes, Ana Jorge, Carly Ameen and Ciara Mannion (Aberdeen) for their inputs. Thanks also to Michelle Alexander (York). Finally, thank you to Ian Scharlotta (Alberta) for inviting us to contribute to this special issue, to the Editor, and to three anonymous reviewers, whose suggestions and recommended changes to an earlier version of this manuscript greatly improved the paper.

Exploring How AFFECT (A Family Focused Emotion Communication Training) and Self Psychology Are Mutually Enhancing

This paper implicitly advocates for a rapprochement between psychodynamic and behavioral approaches to psychotherapy, by exploring the similarities and differences between self psychology and A Family Focused Emotion Communication Training (AFFECT), a behavioral parent training model. Self psychology, a theory with broad applicability, has been applied to several modalities besides behavioral ones. Generally speaking, self psychology and AFFECT are both relational approaches to psychotherapy that emphasize the impact of parent responsiveness, more specifically empathic attunement, on a child's emotional development and emotion regulation. Differentiating aspects of each model are identified to enhance the other model. AFFECT has relevance for pushing self psychology theory more in the direction of operations, which has implications for enhancing the research potential of self psychology, as well as for the training of the self-psychologist. Conversely, self psychology has relevance for coaching the parent with low self-esteem and decreased self-efficacy in AFFECT, which has potential implications for AFFECT treatment outcomes.