A construção da ideia de número na educação infantil

This paper seeks to understand-the process by which the child in kindergarten builds the idea of number. Therefore we developed a qualitative study of phenomenological approach that involved field work in the classroom with children of four and five years. Starting from their real-world contexts, their experiences and using the natural language tasks are designed to help the student to go beyond the already known, analyzing how they thinks and what knowledge they bring their lived experience. By interference carried expanded mathematical ideas acquired. The analysis and interpretation of research data shows that the idea of number is built by children from all kinds of relationships created between objects and the world around them, and the more diverse are these experiences, the greater the understanding opportunities and development of mathematical skills and competencies. It showed also that, in kindergarten, children tread just a few ways to build the idea of number

Ensino e aprendizagem de matemática: o uso de recursos manipulativos em sala de aula

In this work, we understand the importance of the use of manipulative resources for learning mathematics. For both we developed a qualitative phenomenological approach. Performing a case study with nine 7th grade students of the Elementary School, we used the abacus of the integers to examine in what way the use of Abacus contributes to students learning. The choice of material was made according to the focus of research, understanding the signs rule. In the analysis and interpretation of data, highlight lines of students, subject of the research, units of meaning that allow us to say that the material using awakened interest in students Who actively participated in the research and enabled them to understand the rule of signs, to operate with integers enabled them to understand the rule of signs, to operate with integers

Substrate specificity of the Chamaerops excelsa palm tree peroxidase. A steady-state kinetic study

The steady state kinetic mechanism of the H(2)O(2)-supported oxidation of different organic substrates by peroxidase from leaves of Chamaerops excelsa palm trees (CEP) has been investigated. An analysis of the initial rates vs. H(2)O(2) and reducing substrate concentrations is consistent with a substrate-inhibited Ping-Pong Bi Bi reaction mechanism. The phenomenological approach expresses the peroxidase Ping-Pong mechanism in the form of the Michaelis-Menten equation and leads to an interpretation of the effects in terms of the kinetic parameters K(m)(H2O2)center dot K(m)(AH2)center dot k(cat)center dot K(SI)(AH2) and of the microscopic rate constants k(1) and k(3) of the shared three-step catalytic cycle of peroxidases. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Numeric reconstruction of cytoskeleton with finite element method and topology optimization method

The importance of mechanical aspects related to cell activity and its environment is becoming more evident due to their influence in stem cell differentiation and in the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis. The mechanical tension homeostasis is related to normal tissue behavior and its lack may be related to the formation of cancer, which shows a higher mechanical tension. Due to the complexity of cellular activity, the application of simplified models may elucidate which factors are really essential and which have a marginal effect. The development of a systematic method to reconstruct the elements involved in the perception of mechanical aspects by the cell may accelerate substantially the validation of these models. This work proposes the development of a routine capable of reconstructing the topology of focal adhesions and the actomyosin portion of the cytoskeleton from the displacement field generated by the cell on a flexible substrate. Another way to think of this problem is to develop an algorithm to reconstruct the forces applied by the cell from the measurements of the substrate displacement, which would be characterized as an inverse problem. For these kind of problems, the Topology Optimization Method (TOM) is suitable to find a solution. TOM is consisted of an iterative application of an optimization method and an analysis method to obtain an optimal distribution of material in a fixed domain. One way to experimentally obtain the substrate displacement is through Traction Force Microscopy (TFM), which also provides the forces applied by the cell. Along with systematically generating the distributions of focal adhesion and actin-myosin for the validation of simplified models, the algorithm also represents a complementary and more phenomenological approach to TFM. As a first approximation, actin fibers and flexible substrate are represented through two-dimensional linear Finite Element Method. Actin contraction is modeled as an initial stress of the FEM elements. Focal adhesions connecting actin and substrate are represented by springs. The algorithm was applied to data obtained from experiments regarding cytoskeletal prestress and micropatterning, comparing the numerical results to the experimental ones

L'invention de l'Orthodoxie. Religion et Modernité dans le discours nationaliste roumain du XIX-ème et du XX-ème siècles

Our thesis entitled The Invention of Orthodoxy. Religion and Modernity in Romanian nationalist discourse from the XIXth to the XXth century is intended to be a history of the idea of “Romanianess” which brings together, in a structural as well as in a conceptual dimension, three major themes: Romanian Orthodoxy, Modernity and the Political. Having as premise for the study of the Romanian case the simultaneous genesis of the religious and political communities, from the Middle Ages to Modernity, the purpose of our inquiry is to formulate a theologico-political definition of ‘’Romanian Orthodoxy’’. Thus, within a main theoretical framework that values the contributions of Carl Schmitt, Michel Foucault and Reinhart Koselleck, our analysis of selected texts that go from the 1860’s to the 1940’s tries to answer the question regarding the relationship between Romanian Orthodoxy and Modernity, as well as its reflection upon the political identity and organisation of the Romanian society. Considering the political context of the events that underline our conceptual focus, we consider that the proper answer to our investigation lies within the logic of multiplicity; namely, we refer to a plural Romania which is divided, at the beginning of the XXth century, between Traditionalism and Modernity, between a massive rural, agrarian society and an urban minority elite, striving to single out, in an phenomenological approach, the “Romanian way”. Secondly, we refer to a plural Modernity, which is at the same time social, cultural, religious and political. Thirdly, the logic of multiplicity applies as well in the interpretation of the fractures present within the religious nationalist discourse; namely, the rejection of Orthodoxy during the XIXth century, as it was considered an impediment in Romania’s path to adopting western modernity and later on, starting with the 1930, the restoration of the “Orthodox ethos” as a source of cultural and political values of the Romanian nation.

Structure, Dynamics and Reactivity in the Organic Solid State: Anthracene Derivatives and Charge Transfer Crystals

The work presented in this thesis tackles some important points concerning the collective properties of two typical categories of molecular crystals, i.e., anthracene derivatives and charge transfer crystals. Anthracene derivatives have constituted the class of materials from which systematical investigations of crystal-to-crystal photodimerization reactions started, developed and have been the subject of a new awakening in the recent years. In this work some of these compounds, namely, 9-cyanoanthacene, 9-anthacenecarboxylic acid and 9-methylanthracene, have been selected as model systems for a phenomenological approach to some key properties of the solid state, investigated by spectroscopic methods. The present results show that, on the basis of the solid state organization and the chemical nature of each compound, photo-reaction dynamics and kinetics display distinctive behaviors, which allows for a classification of the various processes in topochemical, non topochemical, reversible or topophysical. The second part of the thesis was focused on charge transfer crystals, binary systems formed by stoichiometric combinations of the charge donating perylene (D) and the charge accepting tetracyano-quinodimethane (A), this latter also in its fluorinated derivatives. The work was focused on the growth of single crystals, some of which not yet reported in the literature, by PVT technique. Structural and spectroscopic characterizations have been performed, with the aim of determining the degree of charge transfer between donor and acceptor in the co-crystals. An interesting outcome of the systematic search performed in this work is the definition of the experimental conditions which drive the crystal growth of the binary systems either towards the low (1:1) or the high ratio (3:1 or 3:2) stoichiometries.

THE RESONATE-AND-FIRE NEURON: TIME DEPENDENT AND FREQUENCY SELECTIVE NEURONS IN NEURAL NETWORKS

The means through which the nervous system perceives its environment is one of the most fascinating questions in contemporary science. Our endeavors to comprehend the principles of neural science provide an instance of how biological processes may inspire novel methods in mathematical modeling and engineering. The application ofmathematical models towards understanding neural signals and systems represents a vibrant field of research that has spanned over half a century. During this period, multiple approaches to neuronal modeling have been adopted, and each approach is adept at elucidating a specific aspect of nervous system function. Thus while bio-physical models have strived to comprehend the dynamics of actual physical processes occurring within a nerve cell, the phenomenological approach has conceived models that relate the ionic properties of nerve cells to transitions in neural activity. Further-more, the field of neural networks has endeavored to explore how distributed parallel processing systems may become capable of storing memory. Through this project, we strive to explore how some of the insights gained from biophysical neuronal modeling may be incorporated within the field of neural net-works. We specifically study the capabilities of a simple neural model, the Resonate-and-Fire (RAF) neuron, whose derivation is inspired by biophysical neural modeling. While reflecting further biological plausibility, the RAF neuron is also analytically tractable, and thus may be implemented within neural networks. In the following thesis, we provide a brief overview of the different approaches that have been adopted towards comprehending the properties of nerve cells, along with the framework under which our specific neuron model relates to the field of neuronal modeling. Subsequently, we explore some of the time-dependent neurocomputational capabilities of the RAF neuron, and we utilize the model to classify logic gates, and solve the classic XOR problem. Finally we explore how the resonate-and-fire neuron may be implemented within neural networks, and how such a network could be adapted through the temporal backpropagation algorithm.

Professional development of social work in Russia

The aim of the paper was to get an understanding about how the profession of social work explains its relevance and legitimacy in today's Russia, to enlighten the importance of socio-political, professional and educational contexts in explaining the societal position of the social work profession in Russia. This paper begins with the analysis of the processes of legitimization, professionalization and constitution of social work in today's Russia. In addition to functionalist and critical perspectives on these three processes, in its second part the paper employs phenomenological approach looking into everyday life theory of social work that is constructed in routine work at the social service agencies. The third part of this paper talks about the issues of social services and social work with family and children in contemporary Russia.

Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

The 20th Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium was held at Kansas State University on April 21,1990. The objectives of the symposium were to provide: (i) a forum for informal discussion of biochemical engineering research being conducted at the participating institutions and (ii) an opportunity for students to present and publish their work. Twenty-eight papers presented at the symposium are included in this proceedings. Some of the papers describe the progress of ongoing projects, and others contain the results of completed projects. Only brief summaries are given of the papers that will be published in full elsewhere. The program of the symposium and a list of the participants are included in the proceedings. ContentsCell Separations and Recycle Using an Inclined Settler, Ching-Yuan Lee, Robert H. Davis and Robert A. Sclafani Micromixing and Metabolism in Bioreactors: Characterization of a 14 L Fermenter, K.S. Wenger and E.H. Dunlop Production, Purification, and Hydrolysis Kinetics of Wild-Type and Mutant Glucoamylases from Aspergillus Awamori, Ufuk Bakir, Paul D. Oates, Hsiu-Mei Chen and Peter J. Reilly Dynamic Modeling of the Immune System, Barry Vant-Hull and Dhinakar S. Kompala Dynamic Modeling of Active Transport Across a Biological Cell: A Stochastic Approach, B.C. Shen, S.T. Chou, Y.Y. Chiu and L.T. Fan Electrokinetic Isolation of Bacterial Vesicles and Ribosomes, Debra T.L. Hawker, Robert H. Davis, Paul W. Todd, and Robert Lawson Application of Dynamic Programming for Fermentative Ethanol Production by Zymomonas mobilis, Sheyla L. Rivera and M. Nazmul Karim Biodegradation of PCP by Pseudomonas cepacia, R. Rayavarapu, S.K. Banerji, and R.K. Bajpai Modeling the Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil Aggregates: a Phenomenological Approach, S. Dhawan, L.E. Erickson and L.T. Fan Biospecific Adsorption of Glucoamylase-I from Aspergillus niger on Raw Starch, Bipin K. Dalmia and Zivko L. Nikolov Overexpression in Recombinant Mammalian Cells: Effect on Growth Rate and Genetic Instability, Jeffrey A. Kern and Dhinakar S. Kompala Structured Mathematical Modeling of Xylose Fermentation, A.K. Hilaly, M.N. Karim, I. C. Linden and S. Lastick A New Culture Medium for Carbon-limited Growth of Bacillus thuringiensis, W. -M. Liu and R.K. Bajpai Determination of Sugars and Sugar Alcohols by High Performance Ion Chromatography, T. J. Paskach, H.-P. Lieker, P.J. Reilly, and K. Thielecke Characterization of Poly-Asp Tailed B-Galactosidase, M.Q. Niederauer, C.E. Glatz, l.A. Suominen, C.F. Ford, and M.A. Rougvie Computation of Conformations and Energies of cr-Glucosyl Disaccharides, Jing Zepg, Michael K. Dowd, and Peter J. Reilly Pentachlorophenol Interactions with Soil, Shein-Ming Wei, Shankha K. Banerji, and Rakesh K. Bajpai Oxygen Transfer to Viscous Liquid Media in Three-Phase Fluidized Beds of Floating Bubble Freakers, Y. Kang, L.T. Fan, B.T. Min and S.D. Kim Studies on the Invitro Development of Chick Embryo, A. Venkatraman and T. Panda The Evolution of a Silicone Based Phase-Separated Gravity-Independent Bioreactor, Peter E. Villeneuve and Eric H. Dunlop Biodegradation of Diethyl Phthalate, Guorong Zhang, Kenneth F. Reardon and Vincent G. Murphy Microcosm Treatability of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons, P. Tuitemwong, S. Dhawan, B.M. Sly, L.E. Erickson and J.R. Schlup

El lugar de la mente. Sobre la capilla Sogn Benedetg de Peter Zumthor en Sumvitg/ The place of the mind. On Peter Zumthor’s Sogn Benedetg Chapel in Sumvitg

La Capilla de Sogn Benedetg en Sumvitg, parte de la obra temprana de Peter Zumthor, condensa aspectos de sus ideas, de su forma de proyectar y construir, que aún hoy siguen vigentes en él. Los recuerdos de infancia cimientan su enfoque de la arquitectura, en el que trata de reunir trazas de la vida cotidiana, sensible al lugar y utilizando materiales tratados de un modo preciso que bajo la luz adquieren su presencia. Con un lenguaje táctil y tectónico, desde una aproximación fenomenológica, persigue compartir una experiencia multisensorial, englobando percepciones complementarias que trascienden la geometría visual. Como Kahn, se apoya en el pensamiento de Heidegger, y se inspira en la pequeña cabaña que el filósofo habitaba en la Selva Negra, así como en la arquitectura religiosa de Rudolf Schwarz, cuya huella puede apreciarse tanto en el edificio como en los objetos que se encuentran en él. La tensión que genera entre interior y exterior mantiene despiertos los sentidos del visitante, a la vez que las características de la capilla enlazan con un regionalismo integrador que no se aparta de las formas abstractas contemporáneas. : Sogn Benedetg Chapel in Sumvitg, part of the early work of Peter Zumthor, condenses aspects of his ideas and his way of designing and building, which still remain valid today. Remembrances of childhood lay the foundation for his focus to architecture, which involves the collection of daily life traces, sensitive to the place and using materials treated in a precise manner, acquiring their presence under the light. With a tactile and tectonic language, from a phenomenological approach, he seeks to share a multi-sensory experience, encompassing complementary perceptions that transcend the visual geometry. As Kahn does, he relies on Heidegger?s thinking and is inspired by the little hut that the philosopher inhabited in the Black Forest, as well as by Rudolf Schwarz?s religious architecture, whose imprint can be appreciated in both the building and the objects encountered within it. The tension generated between interior and exterior keeps awake the senses of the visitor, while the characteristics of the chapel connect with an integrative regionalism that does not exclude contemporary abstract forms.

A Qualitative Study on Successful African American Marriages on How They Create and Repair Attachment Injuries Using Emotional Skillfulness.

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the meanings that Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee Davis attribute to how they have adapted to their marriage and overcame conflict over the years. A purposive sample of this well-known African American married couple, who self-identified as being in a long-term, successful marriage, was used. The subjects of study were married for 56 years. An analysis using Colaizzi's (1978) method revealed 2 themes, with 13 and 2 subthemes respectively. The themes that emerged from the analysis of the formulated meanings were: (1) secrets to a successful marriage; and (2) sources of conflict in marriage. Secrets to a successful marriage included 13 subthemes: (a) egalitarian roles; (b) commitment; (c) forgiveness; (d) communication; (e) love; (f) honesty; (g) understanding the struggles of Black males and females; (h) friendship; (i) religion/ support from God; (j) compromise; (k) beliefs that marriage is a process; (l) emotional availability of spouse; and (m) feelings of security. In addition, the theme sources of conflict in marriage had two subthemes: (a) different decision making styles; and (b) experiences of abandonment. These findings provided insight from this couple's perspective on the secrets to a successful marriage and the ways in which they managed to make their marriage work, in light of the unique challenges that face African American marriages.

Invisible work, unseen hazards: the health of women immigrant household service workers in Spain

BACKGROUND: Household service work has been largely absent from occupational health studies. We examine the occupational hazards and health effects identified by immigrant women household service workers. METHODS: Exploratory, descriptive study of 46 documented and undocumented immigrant women in household services in Spain, using a phenomenological approach. Data were collected between September 2006 and May 2007 through focus groups and semi-structured individual interviews. Data were separated for analysis by documentation status and sorted using a mixed-generation process. In a second phase of analysis, data on psychosocial hazards were organized using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire as a guide. RESULTS: Informants reported a number of environmental, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards and corresponding health effects. Psychosocial hazards were especially strongly present in data. Data on reported hazards were similar by documentation status and varied by several emerging categories: whether participants were primarily cleaners or carers and whether they lived in or outside of the homes of their employers. Documentation status was relevant in terms of empowerment and bargaining, but did not appear to influence work tasks or exposure to hazards directly. CONCLUSIONS: Female immigrant household service workers are exposed to a variety of health hazards that could be acted upon by improved legislation, enforcement, and preventive workplace measures, which are discussed.

Satisfacción en la provisión de redes de apoyo social en grupos de acompañamiento a la maternidad

Objetivos: Conocer la percepción del grado de satisfacción que tienen las madres, con hijos menores de un año y que participan en las dinámicas grupales que los CAP ofrecen, en relación al contenido y redes de provisión del Apoyo Social (AS) así como las causas que disminuyen la satisfacción en el receptor de este apoyo. Material y métodos: Estudio con diseño cualitativo y enfoque fenomenológico. La población objeto de estudio estaba constituida por madres participantes en dinámicas grupales de cinco CAP de la provincia de Barcelona. Como instrumento de recogida de datos se empleó la entrevista semiestructurada, entre julio de 2011 y julio de 2012; todas fueron grabadas, transcritas y analizadas. Resultados: AS informal: la mayoría de las madres están muy satisfechas-completamente satisfechas con el AS informativo, emocional y evaluativo procedente de las enfermeras; identificándose 4 categorías que contribuyen en esta percepción: contacto profesional/accesibilidad, disparidad y/o actualización, confianza y no procede. AS formal, la mayoría de las madres están muy satisfechas-completamente satisfechas con el AS informativo, emocional, evaluativo y técnico procedente de la pareja y madre (abuela materna); identificándose 8 categorías en esta percepción: disparidad y/o actualización en los consejos, exigencia, empatía, confianza, inseguridades, tiempo, distancia y no procede. Conclusiones: Los factores identificados deberían considerarse en los planes de mejora de la satisfacción y acompañamiento de las madres en este momento de profundos cambios en su vida; dado que aportar un AS satisfactorio repercute en la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad.

Percepción de la transición a la maternidad: estudio fenomenológico en la provincia de Barcelona

Objetivos: Describir necesidades y experiencias de madres con hijos menores de un año, identificar los factores que dificultan la transición a la maternidad y orientar en el contenido de un programa de promoción de la salud a desarrollar en sesiones grupales de apoyo a la maternidad. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Emplazamiento: Ocho centros de Atención Primaria de la provincia de Barcelona, entre julio de 2011 y julio de 2012. Participantes: Un total de 21 madres que participan en dinámicas grupales de apoyo a la maternidad. Método: Selección opinática de las participantes en las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Las transcripciones se analizaron en su estructura (análisis de contenido latente) y contenido (análisis de contenido manifiesto), obteniéndose diferentes categorías. Resultados: Las participantes en el estudio definen el constructo de la maternidad en torno a 3 categorías: los cambios en el estilo de vida, los sentimientos y las percepciones. Identifican como momentos más estresantes: «el nuevo rol», «los cambios en la relación de pareja», «sentimientos encontrados», «experiencias del embarazo y parto», «la idealización», «la falta de apoyo», «llantos», «cólicos», «interpretar las señales del niño», «baño», «descanso», «opiniones contradictorias», «aprendizaje» y «adquisición de nuevas habilidades». Destacan como temas principales para las dinámicas grupales: alimentación, desarrollo, relación afectiva, confianza materna, participación de los padres, papel de la familia, aspectos emocionales, descanso, masaje, baño, prevención de accidentes, cólicos, primeros auxilios, puericultura, recursos y vacunas. Conclusión: Las dinámicas grupales deben contextualizarse de acuerdo a las necesidades percibidas por las madres y permitir la participación de otras figuras familiares.

Supplemental nursing staff´s experiences at a Spanish hospital: Qualitative phenomenology research

The objective of this study was to describe the Supplemental Nursing Staff´s experiences at different hospital units. A qualitative phenomenological approach was conducted; a purposeful and theoretical sampling was implemented with supplemental nursing staff at Santa Barbara Hospital of Soria (Spain), to gain a more in-depth understanding of the Supplemental Nursing Staff ´s experience. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and through a field notebook. Data were analyzed using the Giorgi proposal. Twenty-one nurses with a mean age of 46 years were included. Three main topics emerged from the data analysis: building the first contact, carving out a niche and establishing interprofessional/interpersonal relationships. We conclude that the experience of hosting the supplemental nursing staff in changing clinical environments is conditioned by various factors. It is necessary for nurses and hospital managers to establish clear objectives with regard to the supplemental nursing staff´s role in the units.